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    Sustainable Production and Physicochemical Characteristics of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate Prepared from Waste Eggshells
    (2024-07-01)
    Seesanong, Somkiat
    ;
    Seangarun, Chaowared
    ;
    Boonchom, Banjong
    ;
    Laohavisuti, Nongnuch
    ;
    Boonmee, Wimonmat
    Gypsum products (calcium sulfate dihydrate, CaSO<inf>4</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O) were synthesized through an eco-friendly and low-cost process by two different renewable calcium carbonate sources (CaCO<inf>3</inf>), hen and duck eggshell wastes, with product yields obtained of 84.73 and 87.74%, respectively. The X-ray fluorescence results indicated that calcium oxide (CaO) and sulfur trioxide (SO<inf>3</inf>) are the major elemental components of CaSO<inf>4</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O prepared from both calcium sources. The Fourier transform infrared results confirmed the vibrational characteristics of SO<inf>4</inf><sup>2−</sup> and H<inf>2</inf>O functional groups in the chemical structure of the prepared samples. The X-ray diffraction patterns of CaSO<inf>4</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O prepared from both calcium sources confirmed the sample’s crystal structure as well as the chemical formula, after comparing them to the standard powder diffraction file. The crystallite sizes of CaSO<inf>4</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O products were calculated from the experimental diffraction peak through the Scherrer equation and found to be 19–20 nm. The positive preferential growth (Pg) value highlighted the excellent stability of the synthesized CaSO<inf>4</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O. The scanning electron microscopic results showed the agglomeration particles of hen- and duck-CaCO<inf>3</inf> raw agents, whereas plate-like particles were observed for hen- and duck-CaSO<inf>4</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O products but the particle sizes were different.
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    Effect of Eggshell Wastes from Different Bird Species on Growth and Yield of Peanut
    (2023-01-01)
    Phakamas, Nittaya
    ;
    Gatewit, Phonthip
    ;
    Kongsamret, Maythavee
    ;
    Somchit, Pornpen
    ;
    Aninbon, Chorkaew
    Eggshell wastes from various bird species may be used as an alternative calcium source for peanut production. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of eggshell waste from chicken, duck and quail on the growth and yield of peanut. Five treatments consisting of no gypsum control, three eggshell wastes from chicken, duck and quail, and commercial gypsum were laid out in completely randomized design with four replications during December 2020 to April 2021. Peanut variety KK 6 was planted in cement plots. Gypsum and eggshell wastes were applied at the rate of 312.5 kg/ha at 25 days after planting. Data were collected for growth parameters, pod yield and yield components at harvest. Analysis of variance was performed for all parameters, and means were separated by least significant difference at the 0.01 probability level. Eggshell wastes from chicken, duck and quail did not show significant effects for leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, total dry weight and 100 seed weight, but they significantly increased pod dry weight, seed yield, filled seed, shelling percentage and harvest index. All eggshell wastes produced higher growth and yield of peanut than commercial gypsum. Eggshell waste from duck seemed to be better than the other sources in terms of yield increase in KK 6 peanut.