Seesanong, Somkiat

Preferred name

Seesanong, Somkiat

Alternative Name

Seesanong, S.

Main Affiliation

School of Agricultural Technology

somkiat.se@kmitl.ac.th

Now showing 1 - 10 of 26

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Effects of artificial light in indoor vertical garden on growth of Philodendron Lemon Lime and Philodendron Brasil
(2021-07-01)
Phonpho, S.
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Seesanong, S.
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Yoosukyingsataporn, S.
The effects in two types of light-emitting-diode (LED) lighting in a vertical garden on the growth of Philodendron Lemon Lime and Philodendron Brasil were investigatded. Result showed that the dependent variables of plant height, stem fresh weight, leaf area, leaf area index number leaf, total dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b, carotenoids, spad, and shoot/root ratio. The most fundamental results revealed to be able to verify or reject prior agricultural theories for the full spectrum LEDs which better light sources than fluorescence LEDs. At 120 days after planting, full-spectrum LED lamps provided 94.56% which higher growth of Philodendron Lemon Lime, Philodendron Brasil than fluorescent LED lamps. It is proved that a vertical garden and the beauty of the vertical garden showing the best growth on the leaf shapes and colorful leaf of Philodendron Lemon Lime under full-spectrum lamps. Other specific findings may benefit for future investigation of philodendrons and other plants.
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A simple and rapid transformation of golden apple snail (pomacea canaliculata) shells to calcium carbonate, monocalcium and tricalcium phosphates
(2019-01-01)
Seesanong, S.
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Laosinwattana, C.
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Chaiseeda, K.
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Boonchom, B.
This study was designed to manage golden apple snail shells, the wastes created in large amount daily from the consumption of the meat of golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) shells by transforming them to advanced compounds; calcium carbonate (CaCO3), monocalcium phosphate monohydrate [Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O], and tricalcium phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2]. They were successfully prepared by a rapid, simple, environmentally benign method using easily available and low-cost instrument. All synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray powder diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy to confirm the identities with the standard materials. The reproducibility and low-cost method suggest that it could be used in industry for a large-scale production of calcium carbonate, monocalcium phosphate monohydrate and tricalcium phosphate from golden apple snail shells as a replacement of natural mineral resources and be a good way to manage these shell wastes.
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Economical and Environmentally Friendly Track of Biowaste Recycling of Scallop Shells to Calcium Lactate
(2022-05-03)
Seesanong, Somkiat
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Wongchompoo, Yok
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Boonchom, Banjong
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Sronsri, Chuchai
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Laohavisuti, Nongnuch
The scallop shell waste (Pectinidae, one of saltwater clams) was used as a raw material (precursor) to prepare calcium lactate (Ca(C<inf>2</inf>H<inf>4</inf>OHCOO)<inf>2</inf>), and the physicochemical properties of scallop-derived calcium lactate were then investigated. The scallop waste was first ground to obtain calcium carbonate (CaCO<inf>3</inf>) powder, and the calcium lactate compounds were successfully synthesized by the reactions between shell-derived CaCO<inf>3</inf>and lactic acid (C<inf>2</inf>H<inf>4</inf>OHCOOH). The short preparation time, high percentage yield, and low-cost production are the preferred manners, and, in this research, it was the reaction of 70 wt % lactic acid and scallop-derived CaCO<inf>3</inf>. The thermal decompositions of both CaCO<inf>3</inf>precursor and all prepared calcium lactates resulted in the formation of calcium oxide (CaO), which is widely used as a catalyst for biodiesel production. By comparing with the literature, the results obtained from the characterization instruments (infrared spectrophotometer, X-ray diffractometer, thermogravimetric analyzer, and scanning electron microscope) confirmed the formation and crystal structure of both CaCO<inf>3</inf>and its calcium lactate product. The morphologies of calcium lactate show different sizes depending on the acid concentration used in the reaction process. Consequently, this work reports an easy, uncomplicated, low-cost technique to change the cheap calcium compound product (scallop CaCO<inf>3</inf>) derived from shellfish waste to the valuable compound (calcium lactate), which can be used in many industries.
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Extraction of Chitin, Chitosan, and Calcium Acetate from Mussel Shells for Sustainable Waste Management
(2025-08-01)
Seangarun, Chaowared
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Seesanong, Somkiat
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Boonchom, Banjong
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Laohavisuti, Nongnuch
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Rungrojchaipon, Pesak
In this paper, mussel shells were used to produce chitin, chitosan, and calcium acetate using chemical processes, searching for an alternative environmentally friendly biopolymer and calcium source. Mussel shells were treated with acetic acid as a demineralizing agent, resulting in separate solid fractions and calcium solution. The solid was further purified to produce chitin by deproteinization and decolorization processes, and then the deacetylation process was used to obtain chitosan. The calcium solution was evaporated to produce calcium acetate powder. The yields of extracted chitin, chitosan, and calcium acetate from 100 g of mussel shells were 2.98, 2.70, and 165.23 g, respectively. The prepared chitin, chitosan, and calcium acetate were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to confirm the chemical and physical properties. The analysis results of chitin and chitosan revealed the similarity to chitosan derived from crustaceans and insects in terms of functional group, structure and morphologies. The prepared calcium acetate shows FTIR and XRD data corresponding to calcium acetate monohydrate (Ca(CH<inf>3</inf>COO)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O) similar to synthesized calcium acetate in previous research. In addition, the mineral contents of calcium acetate identified by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis exhibit 97.8% CaO with non-toxic impurities. This work demonstrated the potential of the production process of chitin, chitosan, and calcium acetate for the development of a sustainable industrial process with competitive functional performance against the commercial chitin and chitosan production process using crustacean shells and supported the implementation of a circular economy.
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Green Ca-source of cockle shells converted to calcium acetate for environmental sustainability
(2024-06-15)
Seesanong, Somkiat
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Seangarun, Chaowared
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Boonchom, Banjong
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Ohpasee, Natee
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Laohavisuti, Nongnuch
This work aimed to synthesize and characterize the calcium acetate monohydrate (Ca(CH<inf>3</inf>COO)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O) from the exothermic reaction between CaCO<inf>3</inf> powder derived from cockle shells with three different acetic acids (8, 10, and 12 mol L−1) concentrations by the rapid and easy process without pH and temperature control to lead to cheap chemical production. The physicochemical characteristics of all synthesized Ca(CH<inf>3</inf>COO)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O samples are investigated based on the chemical compositions, crystal structures, vibrational characteristics, morphologies, and thermal behavior to confirm the target compound. A suitable concentration of 10 mol L−1 CH<inf>3</inf>COOH was chosen to produce Ca(CH<inf>3</inf>COO)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O with the highest yield (96.30 %), maximum calcium content (96.2 % CaO) with lower impurities, and time consumption of 17 h. The calcium acetate product obtained from cockle shells in this work shows differences in thermal stability, morphological structure purity, %yield, and metal contamination with those reported obtained from other sources and another shell type in the previous work. This research investigates the transformation of cockle shell waste into CaCO<inf>3</inf> for the production of calcium acetate, aiming to address environmental sustainability concerns by reducing the use of calcium ore resources and greenhouse gas emissions.
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Recrystallization of Triple Superphosphate Produced from Oyster Shell Waste for Agronomic Performance and Environmental Issues
(2022-02-01)
Seesanong, Somkiat
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Seangarun, Chaowared
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Boonchom, Banjong
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Sronsri, Chuchai
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Laohavisuti, Nongnuch
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate (Ca(H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O) (a fertilizer) was successfully synthesized through a recrystallization process using prepared triple superphosphate (TSP) derived from oyster shell waste as the starting material. This bio-green, eco-friendly process to produce an important fertilizer can promote a sustainable society. The shell-waste-derived TSP was dissolved in distilled water and kept at 30, 50, and 80◦C. Non-soluble powder and TSP solution were obtained. The TSP solution fractions were then dried, and the recrystallized products (RCP30, RCP50, and RCP80) were obtained and confirmed as Ca(H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O. Conversely, the non-soluble products (NSP30, NSP50, and NSP80) were observed as calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO<inf>4</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O). The recrystallized yields of RCP30, RCP50, and RCP80 were found to be 51.0%, 49.6%, and 46.3%, whereas the soluble percentages were 98.72%, 99.16%, and 96.63%, respectively. RCP30 shows different morphological plate sizes, while RCP50 and RCP80 present the coagulate crystal plates. X-ray diffractograms confirmed the formation of both the NSP and RCP. The infrared adsorption spectra confirmed the vibrational characteristics of HPO<inf>4</inf>2−, H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>−, and H<inf>2</inf>O existed in CaHPO<inf>4</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O and Ca(H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O. Three thermal dehydration steps of Ca(H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O (physisorbed water, polycondensation, and re-polycondensation) were observed. Ca(H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf> and CaH<inf>2</inf>P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>7</inf> are the thermodecomposed products from the first and second steps, whereas the final product is CaP<inf>2</inf>O<inf>6</inf>.
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Influence of Organic Solvent on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Calcium Citrate Prepared from Mussel Shell Waste
(2025-06-01)
Punthipayanon, Sirichet
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Chanwetprasat, Pantita
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Seesanong, Somkiat
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Boonchom, Banjong
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Rungrojchaipon, Pesak
A green and mild chemical reaction of calcium citrate (CC) was successfully prepared from reactions between mussel shell waste and citric acid in the presence of acetone (AC), ethanol (Et), and isopropyl alcohol (IPA). All the synthesized CCs contained the same functional groups such as citrate (C<inf>6</inf>H<inf>5</inf>O<inf>7</inf>3−), water (H<inf>2</inf>O), and calcium–oxygen (Ca–O). However, the differences in the spectra pointed out the differences in the crystal environment and structure of CCs. CC-AC and CC-IPA mainly crystallized in the monoclinic [Ca<inf>3</inf>(C<inf>6</inf>H<inf>5</inf>O<inf>7</inf>)<inf>2</inf>(H<inf>2</inf>O)<inf>2</inf>]·2H<inf>2</inf>O crystal system, whereas CC-Et mainly crystallized in the triclinic Ca<inf>3</inf>(C<inf>6</inf>H<inf>5</inf>O<inf>7</inf>)<inf>2</inf>∙(H<inf>2</inf>O)<inf>4</inf> structure. The molecular alignments of triclinic CC-Et were different from monoclinic CC-AC and CC-IPA, resulting in differences in thermal behaviors. Two dehydration steps were observed for the monoclinic CC-AC and CC-IPA, whereas the triclinic CC-Et showed a single dehydration process. The TG mass losses further demonstrated that anhydrous Ca<inf>3</inf>(C<inf>6</inf>H<inf>5</inf>O<inf>7</inf>)<inf>2</inf> phase, in addition to the Ca<inf>3</inf>(C<inf>6</inf>H<inf>5</inf>O<inf>7</inf>)<inf>2</inf>∙4H<inf>2</inf>O, was also observed for CC-AC and CC-IPA, whereas CC-Et contained a single Ca<inf>3</inf>(C<inf>6</inf>H<inf>5</inf>O<inf>7</inf>)<inf>2</inf>∙(H<inf>2</inf>O)<inf>4</inf> phase. The morphologies of CC-AC and CC-IPA also differed from that of CC-Et. The differences in some properties of the synthesized CCs could be attributed to the change in the supersaturation state of the reaction solution. Due to the superior polarity, ethanol is more compatible with citric acid. The presence of ethanol could suppress the supersaturation rate of the reaction solution, causing the modulation of the precipitation mechanisms and reducing the particle growth rate of CC-Et, thereby explaining the difference in vibrational, structural, thermal, and morphological characteristics of CC-Et, compared to CC-AC and CC-IPA.
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Conversion of bivalve shells to monocalcium and tricalcium phosphates: An approach to recycle seafood wastes
(2021-08-02)
Seesanong, Somkiat
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Boonchom, Banjong
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Chaiseeda, Kittichai
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Boonmee, Wimonmat
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Laohavisuti, Nongnuch
The search for sustainable resources remains a subject of global interest and the conversion of the abundantly available bivalve shell wastes to advanced materials is an intriguing method. By grinding, calcium carbonate (CaCO<inf>3</inf>) powder was obtained from each shell of bivalves (cockle, mussel, and oyster) as revealed by FTIR and XRD results. Each individual shell powder was reacted with H<inf>3</inf>PO<inf>4</inf> and H<inf>2</inf>O to prepare Ca(H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O giving an anorthic crystal structure. The calcination of the mixture of each shell powder and its produced Ca(H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O, at 900 °C for 3 h, resulted in rhombohedral crystal β-Ca<inf>3</inf>(PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf> powder. The FTIR and XRD data of the CaCO<inf>3</inf>, Ca(H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O, and Ca<inf>3</inf>(PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf> prepared from each shell powder are quite similar, showing no impurities. The thermal behaviors of CaCO<inf>3</inf> and Ca(H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O produced from each shell were slightly different. However, particle sizes and morphologies of the same products obtained from different shells were slightly different—but those are significantly different for the kind of the obtained products. Overall, the products (CaCO<inf>3</inf>, Ca(H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O, and Ca<inf>3</inf>(PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>) were obtained from the bivalve shell wastes by a rapidly simple, environmentally benign, and low-cost approach, which shows huge potential in many industries providing both economic and ecological benefits.
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Simple Rapid Production of Calcium Acetate Lactate from Scallop Shell Waste for Agricultural Application
(2025-05-01)
Mongkol, Sorakit
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Seesanong, Somkiat
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Boonchom, Banjong
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Laohavisuti, Nongnuch
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Boonmee, Wimonmat
Calcium acetate lactate (CAL) was rapidly synthesized for the first time using the reaction between the scallop shell-derived calcium carbonate (CaCO<inf>3</inf>) and the binary phase of acetic and lactic acids. Calcium acetate (CA) and calcium lactate (CL) synthesized from the reaction of scallop shell-derived CaCO<inf>3</inf> with each acid by similarity routes are compared with the obtained CAL product. The production yields are 88.24, 79.17, and 96.44%, whereas the solubilities are 93.77, 90.18, and 95.08% for CA, CL, and CAL, respectively. All the synthesized CA, CL, and CAL samples were characterized and confirmed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to examine the calcium main element and other impurities of minor elements, X-ray diffraction (XRD) to investigate the crystallography, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) to characterize the vibrational characteristics of the functional groups, scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the sample morphologies, and the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to investigate the thermal decomposition processes of samples. The experimental results pointed out that the synthesized CA, CL, and CAL were the monohydrate, pentahydrate, and dihydrate forms with chemical formulae of Ca(CH<inf>3</inf>COO)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O, Ca(CH<inf>3</inf>CHOHCOO)<inf>2</inf>·5H<inf>2</inf>O, and Ca(CH<inf>3</inf>COO)(CH<inf>3</inf>CHOHCOO)·2H<inf>2</inf>O, respectively. The final thermal decomposition product of all calcium compounds was calcium oxide (CaO). The CAL sample’s vibrational characteristics, crystal phases, and morphologies show the binary acetate and lactate anion phases, confirming the new binary anionic calcium acetate lactate obtained. In conclusion, this research proposes an easy and low-cost technique to prepare a new valuable CAL compound using scallop shell waste as a cheap and renewable calcium source.
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Sustainable Synthesis of Calcium Propionate from Cockle Shell Biowaste for Food Additive Production
(2026-06-01)
Seangarun, Chaowared
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Boonchom, Banjong
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Seesanong, Somkiat
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Boonmee, Wimonmat
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Punthipayanon, Sirichet
Calcium propionate (Ca(CH<inf>3</inf>CH<inf>2</inf>COO)<inf>2</inf>) was successfully synthesized from cockle shell biowaste through a reaction with propionic acid at concentrations of 80%, 90%, and 99%, valorizing seafood processing biowaste as a renewable calcium source in support of circular economy principles. The synthesis was conducted at ambient temperature with a fixed CaCO<inf>3</inf>: propionic acid molar ratio of 1:2, enabling rapid reaction completion without external heating or complex purification steps. The prepared samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, and SEM techniques, which confirmed the formation of calcium propionate monohydrate (Ca(CH<inf>3</inf>CH<inf>2</inf>COO)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O), while XRF confirmed more than 97 wt% CaO across all samples with non-toxic impurities corresponding to compositional requirements for food additive calcium propionate (E282). The sample prepared using 80% propionic acid exhibited the highest yield (90.24%) and soluble percentage (98.23%). The proposed approach demonstrates an effective valorization of cockle shell waste into a food additive, calcium propionate, offering advantages in terms of sustainability, cost efficiency, and scalability, and highlighting its strong potential for industrial food additive production within a circular economy framework.
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Seesanong, Somkiat

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