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Subject: search.filters.subject.hydrothermal carbonization

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    Coconut Residue-Derived Nanoporous Carbon via Hydrothermal Carbonization for Nanoporous Carbon-Based Supercapacitor Electrodes
    (2025-07-01)
    Ruenroengrit, Kemchat
    ;
    Kunyuan, Jumpon
    ;
    Ruttanadech, Nuttapong
    ;
    Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
    ;
    Puengjinda, Pramote
    The increasing demand for sustainable and cost-effective energy storage solutions has driven interest in biomass-derived carbon materials for supercapacitor electrodes. This study explores the valorization of coconut residue (CR), an abundant agricultural waste, as a carbon precursor for nanoporous carbon (NPC) production. NPC was synthesized via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of CR, followed by chemical activation using potassium hydroxide (KOH) at varying temperatures (700, 800, and 900 °C). The effects of activation temperature on the structure and electrochemical performance of the NPC were systematically investigated. The activated materials exhibited amorphous, highly porous structures, with surface areas increasing alongside activation temperature—reaching a maximum of 1969 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> at 900 °C. Electrochemical characterization was conducted using a three-electrode setup through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) in a 1 M Na<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> electrolyte. The sample activated at 900 °C with a CR:KOH weight ratio of 1:2.5 achieved the highest specific capacitance of 52 F g<sup>−1</sup> at a specific current of 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>. These findings underscore the potential of CR as a low-cost and sustainable raw material for fabricating efficient electrode materials in energy storage applications.
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    Upgrading of Corn Stalk Residue and Tannery Waste into Sustainable Solid Biofuel via Conventional Hydrothermal Carbonization and Co-Hydrothermal Carbonization
    (2023-01-01)
    Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
    ;
    Chanpee, Sirayu
    ;
    Manatura, Kanit
    ;
    Eiad-Ua, Apiluck
    Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and co-hydrothermal carbonization (Co-HTC) are efficient thermochemical conversion processes for upgrading the fuel properties of biomass feedstocks. This study investigates the conversion of high moisture industrial waste, leather waste (LW), and agricultural residue, corn stalk (CS) into sustainable solid fuel via the HTC and Co-HTC. The impact of experimental variables, such as HTC temperature, residence time, and reaction pathway (i.e., HTC and Co-HTC process), on the physicochemical properties and fuel quality of hydrochar was also comprehensively explored. The highest heating value of hydrochar product, approximately 23.4 MJ/kg, was obtained from the Co-HTC condition of 280°C for 8 h. The mutual interaction between two biowastes exhibited superior synergistic fuel characteristics, including lower ash content, higher carbon percentage, and improved energy density. However, the remaining ash content of hydrochar decreased by approximately 25.01%-44.52%, produced from both HTC and Co-HTC processes. The hydrothermal treatment process improved the hygroscopic properties of hydrochar. Finding results show that the HTC and Co-HTC are the potential thermochemical conversions for producing sustainable solid fuel from several biowastes. In addition, the Co-HTC process showed a better hydrochar fuel quality.
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    Nanoporous Carbon from Water Hyacinth via Hydrothermal Carbonization assisted Chemical Activation for Dye adsorption
    (2022-07-01)
    Sukulbrahman, Manu
    ;
    Siraorarnroj, Siwat
    ;
    Suksai, Nattaya
    ;
    Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
    ;
    Chutipaijit, Sutee
    Nanoporous carbon was successfully prepared by hydrothermal carbonization with chemical activation using water hyacinth as a raw material. The porous carbon was produced for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB), which is an organic pollutant in wastewater from several industries. The effect of various parameters such as pH, dye concentration and adsorption period time on dye removal were studied. The highest removal efficiency of MB obtained using WH nanoporous carbon was approximately 96.8-99.9% within an adsorption time between 10 and 30 min. The dye removal capacity increased with increasing of period time during the adsorption test. Moreover, the adsorption kinetics of MB during adsorption process was explained by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms.