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Author: search.filters.author.Arbet, DanielSubject: search.filters.subject.Operational transconductance amplifier

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    A 500-mV, 124.11-nW first-order universal shadow filter based on multiple-input DDTAs
    (2026-07-01)
    Kumngern, Montree
    ;
    Khateb, Fabian
    ;
    Kulej, Tomasz
    ;
    Thanyaratsakul, Nattapong
    ;
    Arbet, Daniel
    This paper proposes a novel first-order multifunction filter capable of simultaneously realizing non-inverting and inverting low-pass, high-pass, and all-pass filter responses using multiple-input differential difference transconductance amplifiers (MI-DDTAs). The design leverages the shadow filter technique, enabling electronic tuning of the pole frequency across all filter responses through an external voltage-controlled amplifier. This approach offers enhanced flexibility and reconfigurability, making it highly attractive for adaptive analog signal processing. The MI-DDTA core is implemented using a multiple-input bulk-driven MOS transistor architecture, optimized for ultra-low-voltage and ultra-low-power operation. Designed in Cadence Virtuoso using the 65 nm TSMC CMOS (1P9M) process, the proposed MI-DDTA occupies a compact silicon area of 171 μm × 119 μm. Operating from a 500 mV supply, the shadow filter achieves a dynamic range of 55.9 dB for a 200 mV<inf>pp</inf> input signal, with total harmonic distortion limited to 1%. Owing to its exceptionally low bias currents, the shadow filter exhibits a total power consumption of only 124.11 nW, making it well suited for energy-constrained biomedical and IoT sensor applications, where low-frequency signal processing, compact implementation, and high energy efficiency are essential. To validate the proposed concept, a discrete prototype was also developed using MI-DDTA configurations built with LM13700 operational transconductance amplifiers. The experimental results confirm the expected filter behavior and demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed design in practical scenarios.
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    MI-OTA Based First Order Filters for Biomedical Applications
    (2026-01-01)
    Khateb, Fabian
    ;
    Kumngern, Montree
    ;
    Kulej, Tomasz
    ;
    Arbet, Daniel
    A low-power, electronically tunable voltage-mode first-order universal filter employing a multiple-input operational transconductance amplifiers (MI-OTAs). It does not require component matching, input matching, or signal inversion, simplifying practical implementation. Designed in 65 nm CMOS at 0.5 V, it consumes 10 nW and achieves a 41.7 dB dynamic range. Experimental results using commercially available LM13600N integrated circuits confirm its practical feasibility and versatility for low-power biomedical applications.
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    A 0.5-V MI-OTA-based shadow universal filter with integrated passband gain compensation and low-pass control for low-frequency applications
    (2025-12-01)
    Kumngern, Montree
    ;
    Khateb, Fabian
    ;
    Kulej, Tomasz
    ;
    Arbet, Daniel
    Ultra-low-power active filters have received increasing attention in recent years due to emerging applications such as bio-signal sensing and wearable electronic devices, where they are employed in the analog front-end to eliminate interference noise. This paper presents a novel voltage-mode shadow universal filter based on multiple-input operational transconductance amplifiers (MI-OTAs). The multiple-input functionality of the OTA is implemented using the multiple-input bulk-driven MOS transistor (MIBD-MOST) technique, which enables low supply voltage operation and a wide input voltage swing. Additionally, the use of subthreshold operation contributes to the low-power consumption of the OTA. The proposed shadow filter is implemented using a voltage-mode universal filter, in which the low-pass section is employed to control the natural frequency through an external amplifier. The proposed filter provides both non-inverting and inverting transfer functions of low-pass filter (LPF), high-pass filter (HPF), band-pass filter (BPF), band-stop filter (BSF), and all-pass filter (APF). The circuit was designed and simulated using Cadence Virtuoso, utilizing TSMC’s 65-nm 1P9M CMOS technology. The total silicon area of the MI-OTA measured 148 μm × 89 μm. Operating at a supply voltage of 0.5 V and a cutoff frequency of 31.2 Hz, the filter achieved an overall power consumption of 350 nW. Experimental validation was conducted using a prototype implemented with commercially available LM13700N integrated circuits, confirming the filter’s functionality and effectiveness. The proposed design is well suited for low-voltage, low-power applications, particularly low-frequency bio-signal processing such as EEG and EGG acquisition systems, as well as sensor interface systems.