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    Fabrication of BNBT-BS ceramics via a solid-state combustion approach for BNBT-BS/PDMS composite films in hybrid PENG/TENG applications
    (2026-10-01)
    Luangpangai, Anupong
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    Apirattanon, Nattapong
    ;
    Yimsabai, Sununta
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    Sumang, Rattiphorn
    ;
    Rittidech, Aurawan
    Synthesis of (1-x)Bi<inf>0.47</inf>Na<inf>0.47</inf>Ba<inf>0.06</inf>TiO<inf>3</inf>-xBaSnO<inf>3</inf> ceramics (BNBT-xBS, where 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) was accomplished via a solid-state combustion approach. The influence of BaSnO<inf>3</inf> concentration on the phase structure, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and strain properties was thoroughly examined. All specimens exhibited the coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases within a pure perovskite structure. The composition with x = 0.01 demonstrated optimal electrical properties, achieving a dielectric constant (ɛ<inf>m</inf>) of 6199, a maximum polarization (P<inf>max</inf>) of 41.86 μC/cm<sup>2</sup>, a maximum strain (S<inf>max</inf>) of 0.34% and a normalized strain (d<inf>33</inf>*) of 489 pm/V. The ceramic powder of BNBT-0.01BS was incorporated into a PDMS matrix at concentrations ranging from 0 to 30 wt%. The hybrid PENG/TENG devices achieved their largest electrical output at a BNBT-0.01BS loading of 20 wt%, recording a voltage of 92 V and a current of 0.50 μA. This work outlines a fabrication and development method for composite films with BNBT-0.01BS with PDMS polymers for high-efficiency nanogenerators, playing an important role in improving future energy harvesting technologies.
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    EFFECT OF (AlNb)4+ B-SITES SUBSTITUTION ON THE PHASE STRUCTURE, MICROSTRUCTURE AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF Bi0.47Na0.47Ba0.06TiO3 CERAMICS
    (2025-01-01)
    Luangpangai, Anupong
    ;
    Chongsatan, Wistsarut
    ;
    Charoenthai, Nipaphat
    ;
    Chootin, Suphornphun
    ;
    Vittayakorn, Naratip
    Bi0.47Na0.47Ba0.06Ti1-x(Al0.5Nb0.5)xO3 (abbreviated as BNBT1-xANx) lead-free ceramics (x=0-0.05) were synthesized by the solid-state combustion technique. The effect of (AlNb)<sup>4+</sup> content on the phase structure, microstructure and electrical properties was investigated. A pure perovskite structure was obtained from all specimens. Rietveld refinement revealed coexisting rhombohedral and tetragonal phases in all samples and the tetragonal phase increased with increased AlNb content (x). The morphology of the BNBT1-xANx ceramics displayed nearly round grains and anisotropic grain growth. Average grain size decreased from 1.8 to 0.7 µm when x increased from 0 to 0.05 and the grain size distribution became narrower. The density, maximum dielectric constant and remnant polarization rapidly decreased with increased x. The deterioration of the electrical properties induced by (AlNb)<sup>4+</sup> substitution was due to shifting away from the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), poor microstructure and low density.
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    ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MULTIFERROIC Co0.6Zn0.4Fe1.7Mn0.3O4 DOPED 0.99Bi0.47Na0.47Ba0.06TiO3-0.01Ba(Sn0.70Nb0.24)O3 CERAMICS SYNTHESIZED VIA THE SOLID-STATE COMBUSTION TECHNIQUE
    (2025-01-01)
    Luangpangai, Anupong
    ;
    Chuai, Phomphon
    ;
    Rittidech, Aurawan
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    Pinitsoontorn, Supree
    ;
    Jantaratana, Pongsakorn
    Multiferroic (1-x)[0.99Bi<inf>0.47</inf>Na<inf>0.47</inf>Ba<inf>0.06</inf>TiO<inf>3</inf>-<inf>0.01</inf>Ba(Sn<inf>0.70</inf>Nb<inf>0.24</inf>)O<inf>3</inf>]-xCo<inf>0.6Z</inf>n<inf>0.4</inf>Fe<inf>1.7</inf>Mn<inf>0.3</inf>O<inf>4</inf> (abbreviated as BNBT-BSN-xCZFMO) ceramics with x ranging from 0 to 0.20 were fabricated using the solid-state combustion technique. The effect of varying BNBT-BSN: CZFMO ratios on the phase structure, microstructure, electrical and magnetic properties was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of pure BNBT-BSN showed a perovskite structure with rhombohedral and tetragonal phases. The doped BNBT-BSN-xCZFMO ceramics displayed coexisting rhombohedral, tetragonal, and cubic spinel phases, with the cubic spinel phase increasing when the CZFMO content increased. In addition, the XRD peaks shifted to higher angles as the CZFMO content increased, indicating a decrease in lattice parameters. The dielectric constant decreased with higher CZFMO content and higher frequencies. The pure BNBT-BSN ceramic exhibited a saturated P-E loop with a Pmax of 33.2 µC/cm<sup>2</sup>, Pr of 26.1 µC/cm<sup>2</sup>, and an Ec of 14.5 kV/cm. With increased CZFMO content, non-saturated and bloated P-E loops with lower Pmax, Pr, and Ec were observed, implying a rise in the leakage current. The addition of CZFMO induced ferromagnetic behavior in the ceramics, leading to an increase in Ms and a reduction in Hc as CZFMO content increased. The magnetoelectric coupling coefficient of BNBT-BSN-xCZFMO ceramics continuously increased with higher CZFMO content.
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    Modified energy storage properties of lead-free Sr0.3Bi0.35Na0.335Li0.015TiO3 ceramics with La3+ substitution via the solid-state combustion technique
    (2024-12-01)
    Sinkruason, Thanapon
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    Luangpangai, Anupong
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    Julphunthong, Phongthorn
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    Rittidech, Aurawan
    ;
    Suthapintu, Aekasit
    In this study, the influence of La<sup>3+</sup> substitution on the phase structure, microstructure, electrical and energy storage properties of (Sr<inf>0.3</inf>Bi<inf>0.35</inf>Na<inf>0.335</inf>Li<inf>0.015</inf>)<inf>1-x</inf>La<inf>x</inf>TiO<inf>3</inf> (SBNLT-xLa) ceramics with x = 0–0.05, using the solid-state combustion technique, was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated a pure perovskite structure formed, along with coexisting rhombohedral and tetragonal phases in all ceramics. The Rietveld refinement analysis showed the tetragonal phase increased while the rhombohedral phase decreased with increased La<sup>3+</sup> content. The morphology of the SBNLT-xLa ceramics displayed polygonal grain shapes and anisotropic grain growth. Average grain sizes increased from 2.01 to 2.43 μm as x increased from 0 to 0.01 and afterwards decreased as x increased further. Both the measured density and maximum dielectric constant (ɛ<inf>m</inf>) decreased from 5.48 to 5.29 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and from 4667 to 2313, respectively, when x increased from 0 to 0.05. A decrease in the dielectric properties caused by the phase ratio shifting away from a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) condition, poor microstructure and low density was produced with La<sup>3+</sup> replacement. The maximum polarization (P<inf>max</inf>), remnant polarization (P<inf>r</inf>) and coercive field (E<inf>c</inf>) decreased with increased La<sup>3+</sup> content. A decline in P<inf>r</inf> and E<inf>c</inf> improved the energy storage efficiency (ƞ) and energy storage loss (W<inf>loss</inf>), resulting in enhanced energy storage properties. At x = 0.02, the ceramic showed good energy storage properties (W<inf>total</inf> of 0.781 J/cm<sup>3</sup>, W<inf>rec</inf> of 0.624 J/cm<sup>3</sup>, W<inf>loss</inf> of 0.157 J/cm<sup>3</sup> and ƞ of 79.8%), measured at 60 kV/cm.
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    Phase structure, microstructure, electrical and energy storage properties of SBNLT lead free ceramics with Zr4+ substituted into B-sites
    (2024-09-01)
    Sinkruason, Thanapon
    ;
    Luangpangai, Anupong
    ;
    Julphunthong, Phongthorn
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    Rittidech, Aurawan
    ;
    Pulphol, Phieraya
    Lead-free (Sr<inf>0.3</inf>Bi<inf>0.35</inf>Na<inf>0.335</inf>Li<inf>0.015</inf>) (Ti<inf>1−x</inf>Zr<inf>x</inf>) O<inf>3</inf> ceramics (SBNLT<inf>1−x</inf>Zr<inf>x</inf>) with x = 0–0.04 were prepared via the solid-state combustion technique using glycine as the fuel. The influence of Zr content on the phase structure, microstructure, electrical properties, and energy storage properties of the SBNLT<inf>1−x</inf>Zr<inf>x</inf> ceramics was examined. The presence of a pure perovskite phase was shown by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, with the coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases in all samples, as certified by the Rietveld refinement method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to observe the morphology of the SBNLT<inf>1−x</inf>Zr<inf>x</inf> ceramics, which revealed cube shaped grains with anisotropic growth. Average grain size increased from 2.01 to 2.49 µm when x increased from 0 to 0.01 and then reduced with further increases in Zr content. The maximum dielectric constant dropped from 4667 to 2990 when x increased from 0 to 0.04, caused by a shift from the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). The maximum polarization (P<inf>max</inf>) of 29.18 µC/cm<sup>2</sup>, energy storage density (W<inf>total</inf>) of 0.851 J/cm<sup>3</sup> and recoverable energy storage (W<inf>rec</inf>) of 0.609 J/cm<sup>3</sup> were achieved when x = 0.02.
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    Phase formation and electrical properties of SBNLT ceramics prepared via combustion technique
    (2023-01-01)
    Sinkruason, Thanapon
    ;
    Luangpangai, Anupong
    ;
    Charoenthai, Nipaphat
    ;
    Rittidech, Aurawan
    ;
    Pulphol, Phieraya
    This report investigates the effect of firing temperatures on the phase formation, microstructure, electrical, and energy storage properties of lead-free Sr<inf>0.3</inf>(Bi<inf>0.7</inf>Na<inf>0.67</inf>Li<inf>0.03</inf>)<inf>0.5</inf>TiO<inf>3</inf> (SBNLT) ceramics, synthesised by combustion technique. The samples were calcined between 700°C and 900°C for 2 h and sintered between 1100°C and 1200°C for 2 h. The ceramics exhibited coexisting rhombohedral and tetragonal phases, which were confirmed by the Rietveld refinement technique. A morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) of the rhombohedral and tetragonal phases, with a ratio of 49:51, was obtained at the sintering temperature of 1175°C. The highest maximum dielectric constant (ε <inf>max</inf>= 4667), polarisation (P <inf>max</inf>= 28.80 µC/cm<sup>2</sup>) and energy density (W = 0.95 J/cm<sup>3</sup>), with a breakdown strength of 70 kV/cm, were achieved from the sample sintered at 1175°C.
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    Enhancement of the Dielectric and Energy Storage Properties of Lead-Free BNSLT Ceramics by Zr4+ Substitution into B-Sites
    (2023-01-01)
    Luangpangai, Anupong
    ;
    Noiphoowiang, Nachtarika
    ;
    Premwichit, Pathit
    ;
    Klinbanmor, Metarsit
    ;
    Vittayakorn, Naratip
    (Bi<inf>0.38</inf>Na<inf>0.30</inf>Sr<inf>0.28</inf>)<inf>0.98</inf>La<inf>0.02</inf>Ti<inf>1-x</inf>Zr<inf>x</inf>O<inf>3</inf> (abbreviated as BNSLT<inf>1-x</inf>Zr<inf>x</inf>, with x = 0 − 0.05) lead free ceramics were fabricated using the solid-state combustion method. The phase structure, microstructure and electrical properties of the ceramics were investigated. The coexistence of the rhombohedral (R) and tetragonal (T) phases was found in all samples. Rietveld refinement confirmed that as x increased from 0 to 0.05, the rhombohedral phase increased from 41 to 60%. A nearly equal R:T phase ratio of 49:51 was obtained for x = 0.01. All ceramics displayed polygonal grain shapes with anisotropic grain growth. The average grain size of the ceramics was in the range of 0.46–0.79 µm. The optimal Zr<sup>4+</sup> content resulted in increased grain growth and reduced pores, leading to improved electrical properties. The highest density (5.52 g/cm<sup>3</sup>), maximum dielectric constant (ε <inf>m</inf> =2156), maximum polarization (P<inf>max</inf>=15.36 µC/cm<sup>2</sup>) and high energy storage properties (W<inf>total</inf>=0.49 J/cm<sup>3</sup>, W<inf>rec</inf>=0.45 J/cm<sup>3</sup>, W<inf>loss</inf>=0.05 J/cm<sup>3</sup> and η = 90.54% at 60 kV/cm) were obtained from x = 0.01 caused by a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) and good morphology.
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    Phase Structure, Microstructure, and Electrical Properties of Bi0.47Na0.47Ba0.06TiO3 Ceramics with (LiNb)4+ Substituted into B-Sites
    (2023-01-01)
    Luangpangai, Anupong
    ;
    Thatawong, Bhoowadol
    ;
    Charoenthai, Nipaphat
    ;
    Vittayakorn, Naratip
    ;
    Bongkarn, Theerachai
    Due to the substitution of complex ions into B-sites is very interesting in recent, lead-free Bi<inf>0.47</inf>Na<inf>0.47</inf>Ba<inf>0.06</inf>Ti<inf>1−</inf><inf>x</inf> (LiNb) <inf>x</inf> O<inf>3</inf> (BNBT<inf>1−</inf><inf>x</inf> LN <inf>x</inf>) ceramics (with x = 0–0.04) were fabricated by the solid-state combustion method. The influence of (LiNb)<sup>4+</sup> (x) on the phase structure, microstructure, and electrical properties was investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns exhibited a pure perovskite structure for all specimens. Coexisting rhombohedral and tetragonal phases were observed in all samples and the tetragonal phase increased with increased x, as analyzed by the Rietveld refinement method. The morphology of the BNBT<inf>1−</inf><inf>x</inf> LN <inf>x</inf> ceramics, obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealed almost-round grain shapes and anisotropic grain growth. The density and average grain sizes decreased from 5.84 to 5.54 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and 1.7 to 0.9 µm, respectively, when x increased from 0 to 0.04. The grain size distribution decreased with increased (LiNb)<sup>4+</sup> content. A reduction in the dielectric properties was observed, due to the phase ratio changing away from a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), an inferior microstructure, and low density caused by (LiNb)<sup>4+</sup> substitution. The (LiNb)<sup>4+</sup> substitution induced the transition from non-ergodic relaxor to ergodic relaxor ferroelectric state.
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    Effect of substitution of (NiNb)4+ into B-sites on the phase formation, microstructure and electrical properties of Bi0.47Na0.47Ba0.06TiO3 ceramics
    (2022-01-01)
    Luangpangai, Anupong
    ;
    Bhupaijit, Pamornnarumol
    ;
    Charoenthai, Nipaphat
    ;
    Vittayakorn, Naratip
    ;
    Thountom, Sarawut
    Bi<inf>0.47</inf>Na<inf>0.47</inf>Ba<inf>0.06</inf>Ti<inf>1-x</inf>(Ni<inf>1/3</inf>Nb<inf>2/3</inf>)<inf>x</inf>O<inf>3</inf> ceramics (abbreviated as BNBT<inf>1-x</inf>(NN)<inf>x</inf>, x = 0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05) were synthesized by solid-state combustion. The effect of x on the phase formation, microstructure and electrical properties of BNBT<inf>1-x</inf>(NN)<inf>x</inf> ceramics was examined. The XRD pattern indicated the coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases in all the specimens. Moreover, Rietveld refinement confirmed that the tetragonal phase increased from 47 to 71% when x increased from 0 to 0.05. The morphology of BNBT<inf>1-x</inf>(NN)<inf>x</inf> ceramics was observed by SEM and the ceramics grains showed polygonal shapes and the grain growth tended to be anisotropic. With (NiNb)<sup>4+</sup> substitution, the average grain sized decreased rapidly from 1.7 to 1.0 µm and the grain size distribution was narrower as the amount of (NiNb)<sup>4+</sup> increased. The density, remnant polarization (P<inf>r</inf>) and coercive field (E<inf>c</inf>) rapidly decreased with increasing x. A significant decrease in the ferroelectric properties was caused by the increasing tetragonal phase.