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Extraction techniques, structural features, and functional properties of collagenous derivatives from unconventional animal sources: a review
(2026-12-01)
Indriani, Sylvia
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Petcharat, Tanyamon
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Andriani, Cynthia
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Benjakul, Soottawat
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Nalinanon, Sitthipong
Collagenous derivatives (collagen, gelatin, and collagenous hydrolysate (CH)) are extensively used across the food, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industries. Traditionally, these have been sourced from porcine, bovine, and fish due to their ready availability and biocompatibility. However, conventional collagenous derivatives face ongoing challenges regarding sustainability, resource intensity, and socio-cultural perceptions. This has led to the exploration of alternative collagenous derivatives from unconventional sources, with a primary focus on evaluating their potential for yields, extractability, and functional properties, all of which are fundamental for future scale-up and alternative applications. This review summarizes alternative collagenous derivatives from unconventional animals, including amphibians, mollusks, echinoderms, insects, unconventional fish and byproducts, and reptiles. Their structures, extraction techniques, functional properties, and potential applications are comprehensively summarized, showcasing their ability to complement or even surpass conventional sources in specific uses. Additionally, the challenges and prospects for industrial application, emphasizing the sustainability of meeting growing collagen demand and encouraging further research into these promising alternative sources, were discussed. Unconventional collagenous derivatives demonstrate excellent and unique characteristics as alternatives to conventional ones. Type I collagen from amphibians, reptiles, and mollusks had superior thermal stability. Unconventional gelatin and CH also possess various bio-functionalities that can enhance their potential applications. The relatively low extraction yield could be addressed by increasing the concentration of chemicals or extraction time and incorporating green technology without causing an adverse impact on the quality. These findings indicate the potential applications of unconventional collagenous derivatives as food ingredients and supplements.
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Process-structure-property relationships in low-temperature microwave dielectric ceramics: from glass-assisted sintering to cold sintering for 5G/6G devices
(2026-12-01)
Pulphol, Phieraya
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Tang, Ying
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Fang, Liang
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Vittayakorn, Wanwilai
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Sukkha, Usa
With the rapid advancement of wireless communication from 5G to 6G, a pressing need has emerged for microwave dielectric ceramics with excellent performance at reduced processing temperatures, compatible with low-temperature co-fired ceramic technology. This review traces historical milestones and highlights modern design strategies for achieving optimum dielectric constant, ultra-low dielectric loss, and near-zero temperature coefficient of resonant frequency. Special emphasis is placed on recent advances in low-temperature densification routes, including sintering aids, intrinsically low-sintering-temperature ceramic families, and novel techniques like the cold sintering process. This review provides a critical analysis of the performance trade-offs inherent to each strategy, addressing the persistent challenges in achieving ultra-low loss. Furthermore, we highlight the paradigm shift toward a holistic, multifunctional design imperative for 6G systems. Finally, the transformative potential of cross-disciplinary approaches, particularly AI-assisted discovery, and computational modeling, is discussed as a key enabler for accelerating the design of next-generation, high-performance, and sustainable LTCC-compatible materials.
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Structure–property relationships in Mg–Al hydrotalcites and derived mixed oxides for biomass conversion
(2026-09-01)
Lakhani, Pratikkumar
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Sooknoi, Tawan
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Kawi, Sibudjing
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Tomishige, Keiichi
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Srifa, Atthapon
Mg–Al hydrotalcites are prototypical layered double hydroxides whose physicochemical properties arise from highly tunable local atomic environments and reversible structural transformations. Derived from brucite-like layers of edge-sharing MgO<inf>6</inf> and AlO<inf>6</inf> octahedra, these materials exhibit adjustable layer charge density, controlled cation distribution, and chemically responsive interlayer galleries composed of anions and hydrogen-bonded water networks. Variations in Mg/Al ratio, interlayer composition, synthesis strategy, and post-synthesis treatments strongly influence local coordination geometry, defect density, acid-base site distribution, and surface reactivity. Upon thermal activation, hydrotalcites undergo topotactic transformation into homogeneous Mg–Al mixed metal oxides, generating coordinatively unsaturated metal centers, lattice defects, and a balanced ensemble of Brønsted basic and Lewis acidic sites. Notably, these oxides retain a structural memory effect, enabling partial reconstruction of the layered framework under aqueous or reactive environments and imparting dynamic adaptability to the local surface structure. This reversible interplay between layered and oxide states governs metal anchoring, electronic metal-support interactions, and stabilization of highly dispersed mono- and bimetallic active phases. This review examines Mg–Al hydrotalcites and their calcined derivatives from a structural and surface chemistry perspective, correlating synthesis-induced structural features, local coordination environments, and catalytic functionality using insights from advanced diffraction, spectroscopic, microscopic, and operando techniques. By correlating coordination structure with catalytic behavior, this article provides a unified framework for the rational design of Mg–Al hydrotalcite-based materials as versatile catalyst supports and multifunctional catalytic systems.
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Optimization of Pr3+-doped glasses for photonic applications: an overview and challenges in Judd–Ofelt analysis
(2026-07-17)
Kesavulu, C. R.
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Soumya, S.
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Saikia, Darshana
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Jayasankar, Deviprasad Chalicheemalapalli
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Pecharapa, Wisanu
Characteristics (optical, luminescence, up-conversion, etc.) of triply ionized Praseodymium (Pr3+) ions doped glasses, glass-ceramics, phosphors and crystals have been widely studied for the development of photonic devices. Most of these characteristics are mainly based on Judd–Ofelt (JO) theory to interpret transition intensities and in turn to simulate radiative properties of Pr3+ ions based optical materials. However, JO analysis provides inconsistent results for Pr3+:glasses. Further, besides no review is available focusing on uneven findings of Pr3+:glasses. Therefore, a comprehensive data on Pr3+:glasses have been collected (490 Pr3+:glasses) and compared, besides labeling glass compositions systematically. The properties that are reviewed include, Nephelauxetic effect, optical energy gap, thermal, JO parameters, radiative properties, etc. It has been noticed that the systematic study either in preparation or optimization of characteristic properties are very much missing. Moreover, large number of data sets of literature are presented at one place which is very much useful for predictive modeling approaches. Also, the primary focus of the present review is not to provide a comprehensive summary of all studies conducted so far or to discuss new findings, but rather to highlight the challenges associated with JO parameters for Pr3+ ions that influence the development of optical materials, components, and applications.
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Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Use of Small Molecules and IL-23 p19 Inhibitors in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease
(2026-07-01)
Ooi, Choon Jin
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Ling, Khoon Lin
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Limsrivilai, Julajak
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Wei, Shu Chen
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Mak, Joyce Wing Yan
Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are increasingly prevalent in the Asia Pacific region, necessitating updated, region-specific guidance on advanced therapies. Targeted small molecule agents, such as filgotinib, tofacitinib, upadacitinib, etrasimod, and ozanimod; and the IL-23 p19 inhibitors (guselkumab, mirikizumab, risankizumab) are the newest advanced therapies in our armamentarium for the treatment of IBD. The aim of the Asia-Pacific consensus statements is to provide context-specific recommendations integrating real-world evidence specific to our region. The Asian-Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) Committee on Inflammatory Bowel Disease, with the participation of Asian Education Network in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (AEN-IBD), convened a forum of 34 IBD experts from 12 countries to develop consensus guidelines on the best practices on the use of these new advanced therapies using the modified Delphi method. IL-23 p19 inhibitors have shown good efficacy in biologic-naïve and experienced patients in both UC and CD, with clinical and endoscopic superiority over ustekinumab and an excellent safety profile. JAK inhibitors (tofacitinib and filgotinib) are efficacious in UC, and upadacitinib is efficacious in both UC and CD. They have a rapid time to response, and emerging data on acute severe UC appears promising. However, careful screening and monitoring is needed for known side effects, and prophylactic vaccination for herpes zoster should be considered. S1P modulators (ozanimod, etrasimod) are efficacious in UC with a favorable side effect profile.
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Generation Z agriculture: Technological innovations driving sustainable plant production
(2026-07-01)
Sridhar, Dharman
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Al-Zahrani, Samiyah S.
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Sathya, Chinnadurai
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Devi, Eswaran Sakthi Uma
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Soytong, Kasem
Plants are essential biotic components of Earth that sustain life by producing food, regulating the environment, and transferring energy within ecosystems. Over the past decade, substantial progress in plant science and agricultural technology has transformed traditional agricultural systems, increasing agricultural productivity, improving resource-use efficiency, and promoting sustainable practices. Innovations in machinery, seed improvement, irrigation management, and fertilizer optimization have significantly enhanced crop yields and land-use efficiency over the past five decades. Agriculture is gradually adopting new technologies (robotics, stack-gene technology, three-dimensional bioprinting, and global positioning system–enabled precision farming) to increase productivity while reducing environmental impacts and addressing labor shortages. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, CRISPR/Cas9 (where CRISPR and Cas9 denote clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9, respectively) gene editing, nano-bionics, vertical farming, and farming in space have the potential to maximize resource use, improve resilience to climate change, and ensure the continued sustainability of food production. This review examines current technological trends in agriculture and plant sciences, emphasizing their contributions to agricultural productivity, environmental sustainability, and the socioeconomic well-being of farmers. It also examines how these technologies could be used to address future global food security and environmental sustainability challenges.
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Bio-Based Wood Adhesives: Current Advances in Polymer Architecture and Structure–Property–Sustainability Integration
(2026-07-01)
Dangwilailux, Panya
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Rachsiriwatcharabul, Natworapol
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Lakachaiworakun, Putipong
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Eakvanich, Visit
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Wattana, Wassachol
The development of bio-based adhesives has emerged as a viable strategy to reduce fossil-derived resin consumption in wood and wood-based panel applications. This review provides a polymer-focused assessment of adhesive systems derived from proteins, carbohydrates, lignin, and tannins, emphasizing molecular architecture, crosslinking chemistry, interfacial interactions, and structure–property relationships. Adhesive performance is primarily dictated by functional group density, crosslinking efficiency, and network topology. Protein-based adhesives rely on hydrogen bonding and covalent crosslinking with lignocellulosic substrates but require structural modification to improve hydrothermal stability. Carbohydrate-based systems, including starch and cellulose derivatives, offer reactive hydroxyl functionalities that enable oxidation, esterification, and etherification pathways for enhanced network formation. Lignin and tannins, characterized by phenolic and aromatic structures, facilitate condensation reactions and enable partial substitution of phenol in thermosetting resins, supporting low-formaldehyde or formaldehyde-free formulations. Hybrid polymer networks, particularly protein–carbohydrate and lignin-modified systems, demonstrate improved crosslink density, reduced hydrophilicity, and enhanced mechanical performance. Life cycle analyses indicate that increasing biogenic carbon content and minimizing fossil-based cross-linkers can lower global warming potential (GWP) and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. Overall, a structure–property–sustainability framework is proposed to guide molecular design and performance optimization of next-generation bio-based wood adhesives.
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Emerging Trends in Pet Food: Scientific Innovations, Patent Landscapes, and Global Market Development
(2026-06-01)
Vuthisopon, Sujira
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Kamonpatana, Pitiya
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Promhuad, Khwanchat
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Srisa, Atcharawan
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Wongphan, Phanwipa
The pet food sector has progressively evolved over the past decade from conventional nutrition toward functionally targeted and sustainability-oriented systems that are increasingly parallel developments in human health. While numerous reviews have examined individual aspects of pet food innovation, an integrated perspective linking scientific research, patent activity, and global market dynamics remains limited. This review addresses this gap by systematically synthesizing peer-reviewed literature, patent landscapes, and product launch data to identify key drivers and bottlenecks shaping contemporary pet food innovation. The analysis highlights a strong concentration of research and patent activity in health-oriented functional formulations, particularly those targeting gastrointestinal health, immune modulation, and age-related conditions, while postbiotics, precision nutrition, and digital tools remain comparatively underdeveloped. Sustainability-driven ingredients and alternative proteins show growing momentum but face persistent challenges related to scalability, regulation, and sensory acceptance. The commercial success of functional pet foods depends on translating scientific findings into stable, manufacturable, and evidence-supported products. Future innovation will therefore be shaped by technologies that connect biological function with process feasibility and market readiness. This review concludes that future progress in pet food innovation will depend on integrated frameworks that align biological efficacy, technological feasibility, and market viability, thereby bridging the gap between scientific advancement and commercial implementation.
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Enhancing PV system modeling accuracy with the irradiance intensity selection technique
(2026-06-01)
Songtrai, Sasiwimon
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Chinnavornrungsee, Perawut
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Sriprapha, Kobsak
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Kobayashi, Tomonao
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Niemcharoen, Surasak
This study is a method to improve the accuracy of photovoltaic (PV) power modeling by the irradiance intensity segmentation. The developed model was compared with 2 years of data from PV system in Thailand and the original 1D5P and weight function models to determine accuracy. The results show that by applying the irradiance intensity selection technique with a 1D5P equivalent circuit model improved the accuracy of the proposed model. The proposed method achieved a significantly lower %root mean square error (%RMSE) compared with other models yielding %RMSE values of 0.26% under clear-sky and 2.80% under cloudy conditions. Seasonal evaluation further demonstrated improved prediction accuracy, with the lowest deviation observed during the rainy period, attributed to reduced dust accumulation. A 2 years comparison confirmed the proposed model exhibited the lowest deviation of 0.69%, outperforming conventional PV simulation programs. These findings indicate that irradiance segmentation enhances forecasting performance and provides accurate PV output estimation under real environmental conditions.
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NIR Spectroscopy for Non-Destructive Prediction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Global Warming Potential by Biomass Combustion
(2026-05-01)
Sirisomboon, Panmanas
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Gyawali, Prakash
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Posom, Jetsada
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Lapcharoensuk, Ravipat
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Shrestha, Bim Prasad
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from biomass combustion include carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>), methane (CH<inf>4</inf>) and nitrous oxide (N<inf>2</inf>O), which cause climate change and global warming. By measuring GHG emissions by biomass combustion, a potent protocol for the calculation of global warming potential (GWP), which is how much the global temperature has risen due to combustion processes, can be achieved, contributing to determining the mean reduction in global temperature rise and fostering a transition towards more sustainable energy systems. Additionally, warning can be given of the GHG and GWP risks associated with different species of biomass. This review includes the GHG emissions and GWP of biomass combustion and their measurement and estimation directly through biomass sample combustion, using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and satellite measurements of radiation interacting with atmospheric gases, or satellite-derived data and calculations according to IPCC guidelines. In addition, the relationship of lignocellulosic compounds and elements in biomass to HHV and GHG emissions is described. The key mechanism of molecular vibration of hydrogen bonds in biomass caused by NIR radiation related to GHG emissions is revealed and recorded regarding the possibility of using NIR spectroscopy for the prediction of GHG emissions and GWP. Calculation examples for sugarcane bagasse and other biomass species are shown. The comparative advantages and limitations of NIR spectroscopy with respect to other methods are included. These factors lead to elucidation of the possibility of using NIR spectroscopy for non-destructive prediction of GHG emissions. In this review, the feasibility of using NIR spectroscopy to evaluate GHG emissions, GWP and emission factors (EFs) as an alternative to IPCC estimation methods related to climate change by biomass combustion is confirmed. NIR spectroscopy is a novel methodology for predicting GHG emissions and GWP directly from intact chip or powder biomass spectral data without explicit gas measurement. This article records the essential spectroscopic knowledge of biomass polymer valorization that is of value in polymer science.

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