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    Rhodamine 6G and Au–Pd core–shell nanorods: Fluorescence enhancement for detection of mercury
    (2018-01-01)
    Rammarat, Ekkachai
    ;
    Kraithong, Sasiwimon
    ;
    Wanichacheva, Nantanit
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    Swanglap, Pattanawit
    ;
    We show that hybrid organic–inorganic particles are efficient for accurate sensing of mercury ions and following up trace amounts of the mercury pollutions spread in the environment. The process of synthesis of a working substance starts from preparation of rhodamine 6G derivative. Then the dye molecules are bound on the surface of Au–Pd core–shell nanorods. Mercury ions with different concentrations are finally attached onto this fluorescence sensor. Fluorescence emission of the sensor is detected with a luminescence spectrophotometer. The experimental results demonstrate that the fluorescence intensity of one of our sensors, a sensor B, is remarkably enhanced when the mercury-ion concentration increases from 0 to 15.5 µM. The limit of detection of the ions is as low as 20.6 nM. The working mechanism of our fluorescence sensor can be explained through the fluorescence-energy transfer and the plasmonic effect associated with spirolactam forms of rhodamine and conducting bimetallic nanoparticles.
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    Enhancement of fluorescence in inorganic dyes by metallic nanostructured surfaces
    We have studied the influence of shape and chemical content of metallic nanostructures (gold-palladium core-shell nanorods, gold nanobipyramids and single-crystalline porous palladium nanocrystals) on the luminescence of Rhodamine 6G and Coumarin153 dyes. The changes found in the emission intensity are attributed to different proportions of the dyes and the metallic nanostructures. The enhancement of the fluorescence observed by us for the cases of Rhodamine 6G with gold-palladium core-shell nanorods and Rhodamine 6G with gold nanobipyramids suggests their promising plasmonic properties. This may be regarded as a preliminary step towards development of the fluorescent probes possessing high photo-sensitivity.
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    Superhydrophobilization of SiO2 surface with two alkylsilanes for an application in oil/water separation
    (2018-04-01) ;
    Pasupong, Patchara
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    ;
    This study reported a novel approach to superhydrophobilize silica (SiO<inf>2</inf>) surface by silanizing with two alkylsilanes including non-polar short hydrocarbon chains of chlorotrimethylsilane (CTMS) followed by long hydrocarbon chains of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). The silanization of CTMS prior to OTS affected the increase in the density of short and long alkyl chains throughout SiO<inf>2</inf> surface resulting in the surface with low surface energy and high degree of hierarchical micro-nanoscale roughness which were responsible for the superhydrophobicity. The oil/water separation filters prepared by coating cotton fabric with the CTMS- and OTS-modified SiO<inf>2</inf>/polystyrene (PS) composite using a weight ratio of the modified SiO<inf>2</inf>:PS at 2:1 possessed the highest water contact angles of 156° ± 1°. The superhydrophobic/superoleophilic filters showed excellent water repellent, oil/water separation efficiency, and reusability. The results obtained in this study suggest that salinizing the two different structure alkylsilanes, CTMS followed by OTS, can provide synergetic benefit in improving the superhydrophobicity by enhancing the density of alkyl chains on SiO<inf>2</inf> surface. This alternative strategy can be extensively applied for development of other superhydrophobic materials.
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    Effects of gold nanoparticles on fluorescence polarization and emission spectra of rhodamine 6G solution
    (2018-01-01) ;
    Rammarat, Ekkachai
    ;
    Fluorescence polarization and emission spectra of Rhodamine 6G solution with gold nanoparticles have been studied. It is found that the emission intensities tend to be low when the gold nanoparticles are added into the solution partly due to the energy transfer from the Rhodamine 6G to gold nanoparticles. The fluorescence polarization increases as the concentration ratio of the gold and Rhodamine 6G is more than 124 and decreases as the ratio is about 1115. The enhancement and reduction of fluorescence polarization values are understood as the shortening of the fluorescence lifetime and a temperature effect from the heating of gold nanoparticles, respectively.
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    Apparatus for inspection of low-coercivity magnetic force microscopy tips
    (2018-08-13)
    Damrongsak, Badin
    ;
    Photaram, Worachote
    ;
    Saengkaew, Karnt
    ;
    Cheowanish, Ittipon
    ;
    In hard disk drive manufacturing, magnetic force microscopy (MFM) is employed to provide feedback for process control. This requires accurate and precise measurement of the intensity and the width of the write field generated from fabricated recording heads. Thus, the response of MFM tips when exposed to the write field must be consistency, run to run and machine to machine; however, no specific tool that can inspect and separate out-of-spec or defective MFM tips is available so far. In this present work, we designed and developed a new apparatus that is suitable to quantitatively evaluate the performance of low-coercivity MFM tips. The detailed discussion of the design of the proposed system is given as well as the inspection algorithm. Basically, a solenoid coil is used as a magnetic field generator which can generate the field strength up to 500 Oe, enough to saturate the tip magnetization. When the tip was exposed, a phase difference of the oscillating MFM tip, which is directly proportional to the field intensity, is employed as a measure of the tip response. In addition, the capability of the implemented apparatus to inspect low-coercivity MFM tips was demonstrated. Results were then compared with those obtained from a conventional MFM machine with the reference magnetic write head as a test sample. Several tests with different sets of low-coercivity MFM tips were carried out to evaluate the implemented system. Results showed that it can distinguish the response of different MFM tips; however, as the results were not too different, only three samples were selected to present here, including the tips with typical magnetic response, low response and out-of-spec response. The measured phase shifts of those samples were 54.5 ± 0.3, 36.3 ± 0.3 and 15.4 ± 0.2 degrees, respectively.
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    Optical imaging of artificial latent fingerprints using rhodamine 6G and au-core/Pd-shell nanorods
    Latent fingerprints represent valuable information-storage platforms, which play a key role in the forensic practice and health assessment. Recent works have explored novel image-enhancement methods in latent fingerprinting, which are associated with fluorescence dyes. In this study we improve the quality of fingerprint images, using a combination of fluorescence dyes and bimetallic nanoparticles. We find that Rhodamine 6G can serve as a kind of ‘glue’ adhering well onto Au–Pd core–shell nanorods. This system which employs molecules like α- amylase can be successfully used for recognition of artificial latent fingerprints. The appropriate mechanism can be coupling of localized surface plasmon resonance in the nanorods mentioned above and the emission of Rhodamine 6G. As a result, we observe notable enhancement of the images of artificial latent fingerprints.
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    Implementation of a Measurement System for Inspection of Magnetic Force Microscopy Probes
    (2017-10-20)
    Phanchat, N.
    ;
    Saengkaew, K.
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    Cheowanish, I.
    ;
    ;
    Damrongsak, B.
    A non-destructive measurement system for the inspection of magnetic force microscopy (MFM) probes was implemented and discussed in this paper. Its operating system was similar to that used in standard AFM/MFM machines. The MFM probe under test was held on a sample holder and was oscillated by a piezoelectric transducer. The oscillation of the MFM probe was measured by an optical beam deflection technique. In order to measure a response of the MFM probe under the presence of magnetic fields, a solenoid coil was employed as a source for generating the out-of-plane magnetic field. This avoids physical contact which may damage the MFM probe. Different types of MFM probes, including commercial probes and developed in-house probes with different coating thicknesses, were used to demonstrate the system. Experiments revealed a promising result and showed the dependence of the probe sensitivity on the coating thicknesses.
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    Kinetics of dye removal using Fe3O4 nanoparticles and pulsed white-LED illumination
    Removal of dyes with the aid of photocatalytic nanomaterials illuminated with continuous-light sources has been given substantial attention in the recent years. In the present work we study the efficiency of dye degradation using some alternative photocatalytic nanoparticles under condition of pulsed illumination. Our specific purpose is to investigate the removal of rhodamine 6G dye basing on suspended Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf> solution. The experiments are carried out in the batch mode when the effect of the exposition time (ranging from 30 to 150 min) on the dye removal is examined under both continuous and pulsed white-LED illuminations. Different pulsed-light frequencies and duty cycles are tested. We estimate the concentration of rhodamine 6G in the mixed solution following from its absorption spectrum measured with a UV-Vis spectrometer and determine in this manner the percentage of dye removal. Our main conclusion is that Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf> nanoparticles enable removing efficiently the rhodamine 6G dye under pulsed white-LED illumination. In particular, more than 90% of the dye is removed when the duty cycle is equal to 25% and the frequency to 30 kHz. The equilibrium state of this process is achieved in about 60 min.
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    Effect of Adsorption Characteristics of Rhodamine 6G Dye Solution in Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles on Fluorescence Quantum Yield
    (2019-01-01)
    Phoemphoonthanyakit, Suwaphit
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    ; ;
    In this work, the use of Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf> magnetic nanoparticles in the adsorption of rhodamine 6G solution was evaluated via absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy using the UV-Vis spectrometer. The adsorption mechanism of rhodamine 6G on Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf> was determined with respect to the adsorbent dosage (2.5-10 mg/L) and treatment time (0-150 min). The experimental data revealed that the fluorescence quantum yield of rhodamine 6G was inversely proportional to the percentage of dye removal. The highest efficiency of dye removal was obtained at 10 mg/L Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>, and the adsorption capacity was about 150 mg/g, together with a reduced treatment time of 30 min, owing to active adsorption of Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf> magnetic nanoparticles were found to be able to quench rhodamine 6G dye molecules, which will aid in eliminating toxic and hazardous pollutants from dye wastewater, which are otherwise detrimental to the environment and human health.
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    Optical performance of fluorescent collectors integrated with microlens arrays
    Fluorescent collectors have been considered for being used as a light concentrator in photovoltaic applications. It is able to replace the expensive area of solar cells in order to minimize the energy cost. In this study, fluorescent collectors integrated with microlens arrays were developed in order to improve the collection efficiency. Fluorescent collectors were prepared by casting an epoxy resin solution containing Rhodamine 6G dye in the polydimethylsiloxane master mold. Polydimethylsiloxane-based microlens arrays with actual diameters of 804.06-1008.02 μm were fabricated using a replica molding technique. The microlens arrays were then integrated with the fluorescent collectors with various dye concentrations from 2.5 × 10<inf>-4</inf> to 4.5 × 10<inf>-4</inf> Molar. Experimental results were demonstrated that the implementation of polydimethylsiloxane microlens arrays on the top of fluorescent collectors was improved for both light absorption and fluorescent intensity.