Soonwera, Mayura

Preferred name

Soonwera, Mayura

Alternative Name

Soonwera, M.

Main Affiliation

School of Agricultural Technology

mayura.so@kmitl.ac.th

Now showing 1 - 10 of 31

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Adulticidal activities of Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf.) and Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.) essential oils and of their synergistic combinations against Aedes aegypti (L.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), and Musca domestica (L.)
(2020-06-01)
Soonwera, Mayura
;
Sittichok, Sirawut
The knockdown and adulticidal activities of individual Cymbopogon citratus and Eucalyptus globulus essential oils (EOs) and their combinations were evaluated against three medical insect pests (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Musca domestica) using a WHO susceptibility test. The knockdown and adulticidal activities against the three medical insect pests of combinations of C. citratus and E. globulus EOs were higher than those of individual EOs alone. Combinations of 7.5% C. citratus + 7.5% E. globulus EOs and 10% C. citratus + 10% E. globulus EOs exhibited the highest efficacy against females of the three species with 100% knockdown and mortality rates at 1 and 24 h after exposure, respectively. Their adulticidal activities were equivalent to that of 10% w/v cypermethrin. In contrast, 70% v/v ethyl alcohol negative control was not effective at all. The combinations of EOs showed a synergistic effect, i.e., their adulticidal activity was improved by 0.2 to 100%, with increased knockdown and mortality rates, compared to individual EOs. The highest synergistic effect on effective knockdown and adulticidal activities against females of the three species was achieved by a combination of 2.5% C. citratus + 2.5% E. globulus EOs, with 36.6 to 100% knockdown rate increase and 33.5 to 98.9% mortality rate increase. This study demonstrates that all tested combinations of C. citratus and E. globulus EOs were effective adulticidal agents against females of Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and M. domestica and have a high potential for development into a botanical insecticide for controlling populations of Aedes mosquitoes and houseflies.
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Ovicidal and adulticidal activities of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf and Illicium verum Hook. f. against Aedes aegypti (Linn.)
(2022-01-01)
Puwanard, C.
;
Soonwera, M.
The hatching inhibition and knockdown rates against Aedes aegypti of two essential oils (EOs): Cymbopogon citratus DC. Stapf and Illicium verum Hook F was evaluated. The efficacy of each of these EOs, at 1, 5, 10% emulsion in water, stabilized by tween 60®, was compared to that of 1% w/v temephos and 1% w/w cypermethrin (common, harmful synthetic insecticides). Topical and contact assays showed that 10% C. citratus and 10% I. verum emulsions were the most effective in inhibiting the hatching of mosquito eggs (100%) after 48 hours of exposure. Moreover, they were also the most toxic against mosquito adults (100% mortality) after 24 hours of exposure. This study also established that tween 60® had no effect on hatching inhibition or mortality rate of treated Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. All EO emulsions were more potent than temephos and cypermethrin against these mosquito species. Coupling this higher efficacy with no or benign known side effects of natural EOs, it can be concluded that 10% C. citratus and 10% I. verum emulsions are better alternatives than temephos and cypermethrin for a mosquito control program at the present time.
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Ovicidal Toxicity and Morphological Changes in Housefly Eggs Induced by the Essential Oils of Star Anise and Lemongrass and Their Main Constituents
(2024-07-01)
Passara, Hataichanok
;
Sittichok, Sirawut
;
Sinthusiri, Jirisuda
;
Moungthipmalai, Tanapoom
;
Puwanard, Cheepchanok
This study attempted to evaluate the ovicidal activity of single-component formulations and combination formulations of lemongrass and star anise essential oils (EOs) and their main constituents against housefly eggs. The efficacies of the combinations were compared with those of single-component formulations and α-cypermethrin. Safety bioassays of all treatments and α-cypermethrin on non-target predators—guppy and molly—were conducted. Two combinations: 1% lemongrass EO + 1% trans-anethole and 1% star anise EO + 1% geranial, exhibited a strong ovicidal activity with an inhibition rate of 94.4 to 96.2%. They were 1.1 times as effective as α-cypermethrin. The two combinations also showed high synergistic activity compared to single-component formulations, with a high synergistic index and a high increased inhibition value of 37.4 to 57.7%. All EO treatments were benign for all non-target aquatic species with a high 50% lethal time (LT<inf>50</inf>) and safety index. In contrast, α-cypermethrin was highly toxic to them with a low LT<inf>50</inf>. The morphological abnormalities observed in housefly eggs at death were those such as the shrivelling of the eggs, aberrations and damage to the eggshells, hatching lines, aeropyles, plastron, and micropyle. The potential of these two combinations as a cypermethrin replacement is compelling.
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Synergistic Larvicidal and Pupicidal Effects of Monoterpene Mixtures Against Aedes aegypti with Low Toxicity to Guppies and Honeybees
(2025-07-01)
Sittichok, Sirawut
;
Passara, Hataichanok
;
Moungthipmalai, Tanapoom
;
Sinthusiri, Jirisuda
;
Murata, Kouhei
The present study evaluated the larvicidal and pupicidal activities of pure and mixed monoterpene formulations—eucalyptol, geranial, trans-anethole, and trans-cinnamaldehyde—against Aedes aegypti and compared them with 1% (w/w) temephos. Safety bioassays of all formulations on non-target species confirmed their safety. The combined mixture of eucalyptol + trans-anethole at 400 µg/mL exhibited stronger larvicidal activity, with an LC<inf>50</inf> of 176 µg/mL, while the combination of trans-anethole + geranial at 400 µg/mL exhibited stronger pupicidal activity with an LC<inf>50</inf> of 167 µg/mL. Both formulations were more effective than a 1% temephos. All the mixture formulations were more strongly synergistic compared to pure formulations, with an increased mortality value (IMV) of 25% to 95%. External morphological aberrations observed at death included swelling of the respiratory system. Importantly, all the formulations were safe for two non-target species: guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and honeybees (Apis mellifera). The combination formulations are strong larvicides and pupicides for controlling Ae. Aegypti, which will help reduce the spread of viruses carried by this vector.
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Insecticidal activity of Citrus aurantium and Eucalyptus globulus essential oils and their major constituents against nymphs and adults of Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer
(2023-07-01)
Soonwera, M.
;
Sittichok, S.
The results showed that every tested EO and its constituents exhibited a higher pediculocidal activity against nymphs and adults of P. humanus capitis than 25% (w/v) benzyl benzoate did. In particular, 5% 1,8-cineole exhibited the highest insecticidal effects against P. humanus capitis nymphs and adults with 100% mortality rate at 1 min with an LT<inf>50</inf> of 0.2 min and an LC<inf>50</inf> of 0.7%. The other EO formulations provided a mortality rate ranging from 0-96.0% and an LT<inf>50</inf> ranging 0.3-315.9 min against nymphs. Against the adults, the mortality rate ranged from 12.0-96.0% with an LT<inf>50</inf> ranging from 1.2-314.5 min. Our data showed that 1,8-cineole has a great potential to control head lice populations and should be further developed into a safe and effective pediculicide.
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Impact of botanical essential oils on pupation and survival of Musca domestica L.
(2026-05-01)
Moungthipmalai, T.
;
Sriboonjit, N.
;
Khuendee, P.
;
Phunglakchai, J.
;
Thongsaiklaing, M.
Among the tested botanical extracts, Illicium verum (star anise) essential oil at 10% demonstrated the highest efficacy in disrupting normal pupal development. Only 65.00% of individuals successfully emerged as fully developed adults after a 10-day exposure period. A notable proportion exhibited transitional deformities, particularly malformed pupal-adult intermediates, indicating interference with metamorphic progression. In comparison, cypermethrin, a commonly applied synthetic insecticide at the same concentration, resulted in a lower mortality rate of 39.67% under identical experimental conditions. The superior performance of star anise oil highlighted its potential as a plant-derived alternative for insect control. These findings suggested that the incorporation of such natural products into integrated pest management strategies may reduce dependence on conventional synthetic chemicals.
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Ovicidal toxicity of plant essential oils and their major constituents against two mosquito vectors and their non-target aquatic predators
(2023-12-01)
Moungthipmalai, Tanapoom
;
Puwanard, Cheepchanok
;
Aungtikun, Jirapon
;
Sittichok, Sirawut
;
Soonwera, Mayura
Plant essential oil (EO) is a natural alternative to synthetic chemical insecticides for mosquito control. EOs from Citrus aurantium L., Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf.), and Cinnamomum verum (J. Presl.) were selected for topical assay of their ovicidal activity against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse). Their efficacy was compared to that of 1% (w/w) temephos. In addition, their non-toxicity against aquatic mosquito predators, Poecilia latipinna and Poecilia reticulata, was tested. Found by GC–MS analysis, the major constituent of C. verum EO was trans-cinnamaldehyde, of C. aurantium EO was d-limonene, and of C. citratus EO was geranial. Both C. verum EO and trans-cinnamaldehyde at a high concentration (30,000 ppm) exhibited high ovicidal activity against Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus eggs after 48 h of incubation with an inhibition rate of 91.0–93.0% for C. verum EO and 96.7–95.2% for trans-cinnamaldehyde. The combination of C. verum EO + geranial exhibited the strongest synergistic inhibition activity (100%) against the two mosquito vectors and was five times more effective than temephos. Moreover, they were not toxic to the non-target fishes. As a safe ovicidal agent for mosquito egg control, the combination of C. verum EO + geranial has excellent potential.
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Adulticidal synergy of two plant essential oils and their major constituents against the housefly Musca domestica and bioassay on non-target species
(2024-03-15)
Soonwera, Mayura
;
Moungthipmalai, Tanapoom
;
Puwanard, Cheepchanok
;
Sittichok, Sirawut
;
Sinthusiri, Jirisuda
Single and mixture formulations of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.) and star anise (Illicium verum (J. Presl.)) essential oils (EOs) and their major constituents were assayed for their adulticidal activities against housefly, Musca domestica L., and two non-target species, stingless bee (Tetragonula pegdeni Schwarz) and guppy (Poecilia reticulata Peters). The efficacies of the mixture formulations were compared against those of the single formulations and 1.0% α-cypermethrin, a common synthetic insecticide. GC-MS analysis found that the major constituent of lemongrass EO was geranial (45.23%), and that of star anise EO was trans-anethole (93.23%). Almost all mixture formulations were more effective in adulticidal activity against housefly adults than single formulations and 1.0% α-cypermethrin. A mixture of 1.0% lemongrass EO + 1.0% trans-anethole exhibited the strongest synergistic insecticidal activity with a 100% mortality rate (KT<inf>50</inf> of 3.2 min and LT<inf>50</inf> of 0.07 h). The relative percentage increase in mortality rate over single formulations was between 1.6 and 91.9%. In addition, it was three times more effective than 1.0% α-cypermethrin. To find the mechanism of adulticidal action, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was done to find morphological aberrations, such as antennal and mouthpart aberrations, after the houseflies were treated with 1.0% lemongrass EO + 1.0% trans-anethole. The aberrations included deformed and abnormal shape of arista and flagellum, change in labellum pigmentation, and damage to pseudotracheae. Regarding toxicity against non-target species, all single and mixture formulations were not toxic to the two non-target species, while 1.0% α-cypermethrin was highly toxic. To conclude, a mixture of 1.0% lemongrass EO + 1.0% trans-anethole can be an excellent, natural, sustainable housefly adulticidal agent.
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Head lice prevalence in suburban Bangkok, Thailand, after the COVID-19 pandemic and herbal shampoo treatment
(2026-01-01)
Sinthusiri, J.
;
Sittichok, S.
;
Passara, H.
;
Soonwera, M.
The prevalence of pediculosis among 3,461 girls from 10 government kindergartens and primary schools in Ladkrabang district was 48.1% in the 1st semester (May-September 2022) and 44.6% in the 2nd semester (November 2022-March 2023), higher among primary school girls, at 51.8-55.4%, than in kindergarteners, at 30.2-33.1%. Over 80% of the infested girls came from a low-income family (<3,000 USD per year). The Zingiberaceae essential oil and shampoo treatments were highly effective with 100% cure rate for every infested girl after the 2nd treatment (on Day 10, after the 1st treatment on Day 1). Effective strategies for reducing head lice prevalence are improved living standards and head lice eradication by treatments with effective natural pediculicides and improved head lice educational program.
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Insecticidal synergy of essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf.), Myristica fragrans (Houtt.), and Illicium verum Hook. f. and their major active constituents
(2021-06-01)
Aungtikun, Jirapon
;
Soonwera, Mayura
;
Sittichok, Sirawut
This study attempted to find safe and effective green insecticidal agents against Musca domestica L., which is a major public health pest in tropical and subtropical countries that have already developed resistance to synthetic pesticides. Plant essential oil-based insecticides are new, effective, and eco-friendly alternatives. Today, they are a housefly control method of choice. The study evaluated the insecticidal effect against M. domestica adults of essential oils (EOs) from Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf.), Illicium verum Hook. f., and Myristica fragrans (Houtt.) as well as their major active chemical constituents. Formulations of these individual and combined compounds were evaluated to see whether they were synergistic against M. domestica. Chemical compositions of these EOs were also analyzed by GC–MS. The major constituent of C. citratus was found to be geranial (45.4 %); that of I. verum was trans-anethole (94.0 %), and that of M. fragrans was α-pinene (21.6 %). Formulation CB3 (0.5 % I. verum EO + 0.5 % geranial) exhibited the highest synergistic effect (SI = 0.04), with 100 % knockdown and mortality rates, a 50 % knockdown time (KT<inf>50</inf>) of 4.0 min, and a 50 % lethal time (LT<inf>50</inf>) of 6.0 min. CB3 was more effective than 1% w/v cypermethrin, followed by CB5 (0.5 % M. fragrans EO + 0.5 % geranial), CB7 (0.5 % α-pinene + 0.5 % geranial), and CB8 (0.5 % geranial + 0.5 % trans-anethole). To conclude, some formulations of combined C. citratus, I. verum, and M. fragrans were strongly synergistic against M. domestica and more effective than cypermethrin. Moreover, since they have been long used as natural food ingredients and in traditional medicine, they are also safe for humans, non-target organisms, and the environment.

Soonwera, Mayura

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