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    An Innovative Hybrid Drying Technique for Parboiled Rice Production Without Steaming: an Appraisement of the Drying Kinetics, Attributes, Energy Consumption, and Microstructure
    (2021-12-01) ;
    Prachayawarakorn, Somkiat
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    Soponronnarit, Somchart
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    Hot air fluidized bed drying combined with halogen lamp drying (HAFH) is an innovative hybrid drying technique for parboiled rice production that is more effective than the traditional parboiled rice production (TPP). HAFH can eliminate the steaming process, which is a complex process with high energy consumption, and can also provide a good-quality parboiled rice. The experimental results showed that HAFH achieved faster moisture removal and a higher grain temperature than TPP and the hot air fluidized bed drying technique without a halogen lamp (HAF). The parboiled rice quality and specific energy consumption (SEC) were differently influenced by the production factors (hot air temperature and halogen power) and their interactions. However, the HAFH provides good quality attributes (degree of gelatinization, head rice yield, whiteness index, incidence of white belly, and hardness) equal to those of TPP with a lower SEC in parboiled rice production. Moreover, HAFH generated starch gelatinization both inside and outside of rice grains.
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    Rapid and accurate classification of Aspergillus ochraceous contamination in Robusta green coffee bean through near-infrared spectral analysis using machine learning
    (2023-03-01)
    Ruttanadech, Nuttapong
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    Near-infrared (NIR) spectral-based classification of Aspergillus ochraceous contamination in the Robusta green coffee bean was investigated. Six different learning algorithms, including linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), decision tree (Tree), Naive Bayes (NB), and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), were applied for the investigating purpose. Four classes of fungal contamination on coffee beans, non-fungal contaminated beans on day 1 and day 3 (NCB-D1 and NCB-D3) and fungal contaminated beans on day 1 and day 3 (CB-D1 and CB-D3), were set for the classification intention. Based on the 6 learning algorithms, the Tree approach was optimal, displaying a training accuracy of 97.5%. As proven by the testing dataset, the classification accuracy of the Tree was also at 97.5%. With this number, the Tree could correctly classify 100% between the contaminated and non-contaminated coffee beans. These findings exhibit the potential of the NIR spectroscopy accompanied by machine learning for the early detection of fungal contamination in green coffee beans.
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    Enhanced biodiesel purification using coffee husk bioadsorbents: The role of pyrolysis temperature, KOH activation, and adsorption efficiency
    (2025-05-01) ; ; ; ;
    Ruttanadech, Nuttapong
    This study evaluates the performance of bioadsorbents derived from coffee husk pyrolyzed at temperatures of 600, 700, and 800 °C (CH600, CH700, and CH800), along with activated CH700 (ACH700), in biodiesel purification. The results indicate that CH700 significantly enhances biodiesel purity, with optimal purification conditions achieved at a dosage of 2 wt% CH700, a stirring rate of 400 rpm, and a contact time of 45 min. CH700 demonstrated modest performance, achieving approximately 20 % removal of methanol and water. However, after activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH), ACH700 demonstrated improved efficiency, achieving 96.92 % methanol removal and 39.46 % water removal. ACH700 also refined biodiesel quality to meet EN14214 standards and maintained a higher biodiesel yield compared to other adsorbents. The bioadsorption process is influenced by the chemical interactions between the surface functional groups of the bioadsorbent and the contaminants, which is further enhanced by the optimized pore structure of ACH700. The use of ACH700 represents a novel and highly effective approach to biodiesel purification, combining both technical efficiency and economic feasibility. Furthermore, the valorization of agricultural waste adds significant environmental benefits, reinforcing the potential of ACH700 for large-scale biodiesel production.
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    The performance of size grading machine of robusta green coffee bean using oscillating sieve with swing along width direction
    (2019-09-09) ;
    Chanpaka, W.
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    Size grading is one of important processes for producing the Robusta green coffee bean because it can increase the value of green coffee bean and decrease the problem in the manufacturing process, especially roasting process. Therefore, the objective of this work was to investigate the effects of inclined angle and oscillating revolution speed on the performance of size grading machine of Robusta green coffee bean using oscillating sieve with swing along width direction. When increasing the inclined angle from 4 to 6 degree, the weight purity index and the clogging sieve percentage were decreased. For the size grading efficiency, it found that the size grading efficiency was increased when the inclined angle increased from 4 to 5 degree. However, the size grading efficiency was decreased when increasing the inclined angle from 5 to 6 degree. When considering in term of oscillating revolution speed, the increase of oscillating revolution speed provided the decrease of weight purity index, size grading efficiency and clogging sieve percentage. The appropriate condition for using the size grading machine of Robusta green coffee bean using oscillating sieve with swing along width direction is the inclined angle of 5 degree and the oscillating revolution speed of 185 rpm.
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    The Increase of Efficiency in Robusta Green Coffee Bean Size Sorting Machine by Response Surface Methodology
    (2020-04-28)
    Chanpaka, Watcharapong
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    Dangwilailux, Panya
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    One of the essential processes for producing the green coffee bean with Robusta variety is size sorting process because it is able to add the value of green coffee bean. The excellent size sorting can be done by using the size sorting machine. In this study, the size sorting machine with revolved sieve which provided the good distribution of green coffee bean was used and the three factors such as sorting angle, revolved speed and feed rate were investigated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on a Central Composite Design (CCD). The optimum conditions of size sorting efficiency were revolved speed of 8.35 rpm, sorting angle of 5.05 degree and feed rate of 26.59 kg/h. These provided the size sorting efficiency of 75.15% with high correlating coefficient (R2 = 97.65). This indicated that the data predicted with Response Surface Methodology was good agreement and adequacy of models.
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    Testing and evaluation of banana (‘Kluay Lab Mue Nang’) wholesale packaging in Chumphon province, Thailand under transport simulation
    (2019-01-01)
    Ruttanadech, N.
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    Saewanarak, A.
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    This research evaluated the effects of foam packaging on wholesale packages of banana (‘Kluay Lab Mue Nang’) in Chumphon province, Thailand. The experiment was divided into 3 experimental sets, namely, 1) foam net (FN); 2) expanded polyethylene foam (EPE); and 3) controlled sample without use packaging (NOP) and damages were categorized into three types which were bruising, abrasion and laceration. Vibration tests were performed following the standard method of ASTM D999 Method A2 using the frequency of 4 Hz for one hour. Results revealed that the total damage of EPE (bruising, abrasion, and laceration) was higher than that of FN. When considering the percentage of damage area, it was found that the damage percentages of EPE caused by bruising and abrasion were 7.41 and 3.28%, respectively, and the damage percentages of FN caused by bruising and abrasion were 5.73 and 3.82%, respectively. There was no damage from laceration detected. The results showed that FN had the greatest reduction in damage. The controlled sample (NOP) had a total damage of 20.79%.
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    Quality attributes of parboiled rice prepared with a parboiling process using a rotating sieve system
    The aim of this study is to apply a rotating sieve system to the parboiling process for parboiled rice production. The parboiling time and rotation speed were the main production factors affecting the quality attributes of the parboiled rice, including the degree of starch gelatinization (DG), fissure percentage, head rice yield (HRY), white belly, and color. The results showed that the parboiling process with a rotating sieve can decrease the parboiling time required to provide an even quality of parboiled rice. The parboiling time for an even quality of parboiled rice was 5 min at rotation speeds of 10 and 15 rpm, while the parboiling time at a rotation speed of 5 rpm was 10 min. These times were shorter than that with a fixed sieve (15 min). Moreover, the parboiling process using a rotating sieve system provided better qualities of parboiled rice than that using the fixed sieve system, including higher DG and HRY and lower fissure and whiteness percentages. Additionally, the values of DG and HRY were increased with increasing parboiling time. In contrast, the fissure and whiteness percentages of the parboiled rice decreased. However, the quality of the parboiled rice was not dependent on the rotation speed.
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    Preparation and characterization of fuel briquettes made from dual agricultural waste: Cashew nut shells and areca nuts
    The purpose of this work was fuel briquettes production from cashew nut shells (CNS) and areca nut shells (ANS) with the operating parameters of the compressed screw speed (70 and 90 rpm), the mixture of CNS, ANS, and cassava flour (binder) in the unit by weight percent (6 proportions), and the CNS size (small and large). The effects of these parameters on the production rate, mechanical properties (hardness and porosity), and fuel properties, i.e., moisture content (MC), calorific value (CV), volatile matter content (VM), ash content (AC), fixed carbon content (FC), and combustion rate (CR), were investigated. The fuel application for cooking was evaluated with the flame temperature (FT), water boiling test (WBT), thermal efficiency (TE), and greenhouse gases (GHG) emission. Experimental results showed that the speed had the most effect on the production rate, while the CR got the least effect from all parameters compared to the other properties. The briquette should be produced using small CNS with the mixture of CNS 65%, ANS 25% and, cassava flour 10% (by weight) at speed of 90 rpm which provided the high production rate together with satisfying fuel properties, unless the CR was low. The fuel briquette showed the potential for cooking in acceptable level with the low GHG emission.
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    Preparation and evaluation of blend polymer films for wound dressing using vancomycin-loaded polycaprolactone and carboxymethyl cellulose via crosslinking methods: Effect of mechanical strength, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity
    (2024-03-01)
    Meedecha, Paweena
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    Eawsakul, Komgrit
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    Ongtanasup, Tassanee
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    Tambunlertchai, Supreeda
    Polycaprolactone (PCL) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are two materials with beneficial properties for wound healing applications. Here, the simple preparation of PCL/CMC polymer films via the crosslinking method was demonstrated for the first time. The polymer films represented the suitable properties of liquid absorption and tensile strength to be used as a wound dressing. The blend polymer films can also load the vancomycin, which prolongs the drug release for effectiveness against S. aureus. The trifluoroethanol showed less toxicity in comparison with other crosslinking agents. This process can also be applied further in other medical devices and wound healing applications.
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    Charcoal briquette production from waste in the coffee production process using hydrothermal and torrefaction techniques: A comparative study with carbonization technique
    (2022-10-20) ; ;
    Ruttanadech, Nuttapong
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    This research aimed to study charcoal briquette production from coffee production waste, i.e., coffee parchment (CP) and coffee cherry pulp (CCP). The carbonization technique (CT) was studied in five mixtures (CP and CCP ≈ 0–90%) and three pressures (1000–1600 psi) to determine the appropriate conditions. The torrefaction technique (TT) and hydrothermal technique (HT) were subsequently performed under proper conditions from the CT to investigate further the fit temperatures (200–260 °C) and reaction times (40–120 min). The fuel characteristics were examined regarding the calorific value (CV), proximate and ultimate analyses, mechanical properties, and utilization properties. The results demonstrated the notable influence of interaction between the mixture and pressure factors and individual mixture on the fuel properties, whereas personal pressure have an insignificant effect. The ratio of CP ≈ 90% and binder ≈10% at a pressure of 1600 psi in the CT prepared appropriate fuel properties (calorific value ≈ 27 MJ/kg, fixed carbon content ≈ 65%). Interestingly, almost all conditions of the TT and HT provided greenhouse gas emissions lower than the CT. The TT and HT at 260 °C for 120 min provided high calorific values (25–26 MJ/kg) with other fuel characteristics in the acceptable standard, except for the fixed carbon content.