Meksiriporn, Bunyarit

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Meksiriporn, Bunyarit
Alternative Name
Meksiriporn, B.
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Email
bunyarit.me@kmitl.ac.th

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    Characterization and proximate analysis of composite biochar briquette from oil palm frond and red clay
    (2025-01-01)
    Suwankamnoed, Saipin
    ;
    Imsuwan, Pattareewan
    ;
    Tilokkarn, Worrathon
    ;
    Meksiriporn, Bunyarit
    ;
    Sutjaritvorakul, Thanawat
    The ultimate goal of this research is to create effective and environmentally friendly biochar briquettes from oil palm frond (OPF) waste. Red clay, a plentiful local resource, has been demonstrated to improve the properties of fuel briquettes. In this study, the tested composite briquettes (biochar:red clay:starch by weight) were prepared in the following ratios: 40:55:5 (T2), 50:45:5 (T3), 60:35:5 (T4), and 70:25:5 (T5), while the control sample (T1) consisted of 95:5 (biochar:starch). All of the different ratios were analyzed using proximate analysis. The results showed moisture content ranging from 7.35% to 8.47%, ash content from 29.75% to 49.82%, volatile matter from 15.63% to 17.47%, and fixed carbon from 25.31% to 46.48%. Among them, T4 exhibited the lowest moisture and ash content and the highest calorific value at 5,650 cal/g, making it the optimal candidate for further investigation. A comprehensive analysis of T4 was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The techniques revealed the morphological structure and inorganic components that contribute to the energy efficiency of T4. The study also examined air pollutant emissions. T4 produced lower emissions of pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2),</inf> total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), formaldehyde (HCHO), and particulate matter (PM<inf>1.0</inf> and PM<inf>2.5</inf>) compared to the OPF biochar briquette without red clay (T1). Composite biochar briquettes made from OPF and red clay (T4) are safe and suitable for use as a fuel source for household applications like cooking and heating. This research contributes to the development of the green bioeconomy and supports sustainable energy initiatives.
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    PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND EFFECTS OF FLY ASH GENERATED FROM BIOCHAR BRIQUETTES ON THE GROWTH OF CHINESE CELERY CABBAGE (BRASSICA RAPA SUBSP. PEKINENSIS)
    (2025-01-01)
    Suwankamnoed, S.
    ;
    Meksiriporn, B.
    ;
    Sripana, N.
    ;
    Sutjaritvorakul, T.
    Agricultural waste biomass is considered a valuable source of eco-friendly renewable energy. Generally, biomass is processed through pyrolysis and is compressed to form biochar briquettes. After combustion, the remaining ash is the incombustible material that can be used in agriculture. The aim of this research is to investigate the physicochemical properties of fly ash derived from biochar briquettes and to evaluate its effect on the growth of Chinese celery cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis). Fly ash was analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results exhibited the major elements were carbon (C, 59.31%), oxygen (O, 24.48%) with additional elements including potassium (K), silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), and calcium (Ca). The XRD pattern confirmed the presence of silica (SiO<inf>2</inf>), calcite (CaCO<inf>3</inf>) and hydroxyapatite (Ca<inf>10</inf>(PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>6</inf>(OH)<inf>2</inf>). Seedlings of the tested plants were grown in pots containing varying concentrations of local soil and biochar briquette ash (soil:ash, v/v), with treatments including 100% soil (control, T1), 80:20 (T2), 60:40 (T3), and 40:60 (T4). Growth parameters improved significantly with 40% ash (T3), while 60% ash (T4) had adverse effects. These results indicated that biochar briquette ash can be effectively used as an ash-based fertilizer.
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    Process Optimization and Kinetics Study of Metals Leaching from Spent Hydrocracking Catalysts by Cell-free Medium Filtrate of Aspergillus aculeatus
    (2026-10-01)
    Sawangchart, Thanakorn
    ;
    Meksiriporn, Bunyarit
    ;
    Sutjaritvorakul, Thanawat
    Hydrocracking catalysts (HCC) are widely used in petrochemical refinery catalytic processes. Although these catalysts are frequently reusable, the efficacy of HCC gradually declines. This procedure leads to the production of a large amount of spent hydrocracking catalyst (SHCC), which contains valuable metals as well as hazardous chemical wastes. The pyro-hydro-metallurgical approach for metal restoration from catalyst waste is insufficient for environmental sustainability. The application of biological techniques is a more environmentally friendly strategy. Fungal leaching has emerged as an alternative method for the recovery of metals. Although metal recoveries were moderate, the use of cell-free fungal filtrate enabled rapid leaching under mild conditions, highlighting its potential as a greener and operationally simpler alternative to conventional whole-cell bioleaching. Aspergillus aculeatus was isolated from contaminated soil of a gold mine located in Thailand. The filtrate of the fungal culture medium was utilized for metal leaching, and this experiment was carried out using a Box-Behnken experimental design. The optimum processes included a spent catalyst density of 10% (w/v), a temperature of 50 °C, and a shaking rate of 148 rpm for 180 min, with the catalyst powder size being less than 150 µm. The predicted highest metal recovery rates of 7.98% for Al, 5.27% for Ni, 24.55% for Mo, 11.92% for Fe, and 0.93% for Zn aligned precisely with the actual experimental results. The comprehension of kinetics through the application of the shrink core model indicates that the mechanism of reactions is predominantly influenced by the surface chemical control reaction rather than the diffusion process. The leaching rates of Mo, Fe, Al, Ni, and Zn followed a descending order from highest to lowest.
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    Unveiling the molecular architecture of Mpox: A new era in viral imaging
    (2026-01-01)
    Jutharee, Kanticha
    ;
    Yongyai, Jiraporn
    ;
    Klankoet, Nawawan
    ;
    Wannigama, Dhammika Leshan
    ;
    Ngamwongsatit, Natharin
    The exceptional size and architectural complexity of the Mpox virus, a giant cytoplasmic DNA virus, has long challenged structural and mechanistic analysis. This gap in structural knowledge has unfortunately stalled the development of effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. However, a revolution in structural biology—fueled by the synergy of cryo-EM, cryo-ET, cryo-FIB milling, and AI-based prediction—now allows for the direct interrogation of intact virions and replication factories in near-native states. These techniques reveal that Mpox virus infection is orchestrated by structurally integrated machines rather than isolated components. Consequently, the future of Mpox virus biology depends on leveraging advanced imaging technologies, such as in situ single-particle approaches and visual proteomics. By mapping comprehensive template libraries into cellular reconstructions, these strategies can resolve the near-atomic details of heterogeneous viral assemblies within their cellular environment. This approach elucidates the "molecular sociology" of infection, bridging the gap between atomic structure and cellular context. By revealing regulatory interfaces and assembly logic hidden from purification-based methods, this framework reshapes our understanding of poxvirus biology and lays a precise foundation for architecturally targeted diagnostics and therapeutics.
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    Insights from dual-platform metabolomics on durian flowers: An alternative source of procyanidins from agricultural waste with bioactivities
    (2025-07-01)
    Potijun, Supakorn
    ;
    Pattarapipatkul, Nattaya
    ;
    Boonma, Pitchakorn
    ;
    Pewlong, Putthamas
    ;
    Pathtubtim, Intira
    Procyanidins, which are polyphenol compounds in grape seeds, apples, and berries, are known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this study, we investigated durian flowers, an agricultural waste, as a novel procyanidin source. Durian trees bloom prolifically, but not all flowers develop into mature fruits, representing underutilized resources. Dual-platform metabolomic analysis using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry annotates polyphenols such as (−)-epicatechin, procyanidins B1, B2, and C1. The 80 % (v/v) ethanol extraction yielded a crude extract with a total procyanidin content of 7.68 mg/g. Bioactivity assays revealed that the procyanidin-rich crude extract reduced oxidative stress and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects against UVA in human keratinocytes (HaCaT). This study is the first to propose durian flowers as a sustainable and cost-effective procyanidin source with potential application in the nutraceutical and cosmeceutical industries, contributing significantly to the repurposing of agricultural waste through green technology.
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    Fungal Transformation and Oxalate-Mediated Mineralization of Heavy Metal Oxides by Aspergillus aculeatus
    (2026-04-01)
    Sawangchart, Thanakorn
    ;
    Chutipaijit, Sutee
    ;
    Meksiriporn, Bunyarit
    ;
    Narueban, Worapat
    ;
    Tilokkarn, Worrathon
    Fungal transformation is increasingly recognized as an important process influencing metal solubilization and immobilization in soil environments. In this study, a fungal strain (PTW4) isolated from mining-contaminated soil was molecularly identified as Aspergillus aculeatus. The strain was evaluated for its ability to solubilize and transform several heavy metal oxides, including ZnO, Pb<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>, Cu<inf>2</inf>O, and MoO<inf>3</inf>. PTW4 produced consistent halo formation across all tested oxides, accompanied by progressive acidification of the culture medium, suggesting organic acid-mediated solubilization. Characterization of extracellular precipitates by SEM-EDS and XRD indicated mineral phases consistent with oxalate-associated biominerals, including zinc oxalate dihydrate (ZnC<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O), lead oxalate (PbC<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>), and copper oxalate hydrate (CuC<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>·xH<inf>2</inf>O). These minerals represent low-solubility phases that may reduce metal mobility in the surrounding environment. In contrast, molybdenum did not precipitate under the experimental conditions, suggesting metal-specific constraints in fungal biomineralization processes. Although organic acid production was not directly quantified, identification of oxalate mineral phases supports an oxalate-associated mineralization mechanism. Overall, the results provide evidence for heavy metal solubilization and selective extracellular precipitation consistent with oxalate biomineral formation by A. aculeatus PTW4, highlighting its potential relevance to fungal-mediated bioremediation and selective bioleaching processes.
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    Development of a Broad-Spectrum Pan-Mpox Vaccine via Immunoinformatic Approaches
    (2025-08-01)
    Puagsopa, Japigorn
    ;
    Jumpalee, Panuwid
    ;
    Dechanun, Sittichoke
    ;
    Choengchalad, Sukanya
    ;
    Lohasupthawee, Pana
    Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has caused 148,892 confirmed cases and 341 deaths from 137 countries worldwide, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), highlighting the urgent need for effective vaccines to prevent the spread of MPXV. Traditional vaccine development is low-throughput, expensive, time consuming, and susceptible to reversion to virulence. Alternatively, a reverse vaccinology approach offers a rapid, efficient, and safer alternative for MPXV vaccine design. Here, MPXV proteins associated with viral infection were analyzed for immunogenic epitopes to design multi-epitope vaccines based on B-cell, CD4+, and CD8+ epitopes. Epitopes were selected based on allergenicity, antigenicity, and toxicity parameters. The prioritized epitopes were then combined via peptide linkers and N-terminally fused to various protein adjuvants, including PADRE, beta-defensin 3, 50S ribosomal protein L7/12, RS-09, and the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB). All vaccine constructs were computationally validated for physicochemical properties, antigenicity, allergenicity, safety, solubility, and structural stability. The three-dimensional structure of the selected construct was also predicted. Moreover, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations between the vaccine and the TLR-4 immune receptor demonstrated a strong and stable interaction. The vaccine construct was codon-optimized for high expression in the E. coli and was finally cloned in silico into the pET21a (+) vector. Collectively, these results could represent innovative tools for vaccine formulation against MPXV and be transformative for other infectious diseases.
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    Recent Progress in Developing Extracellular Vesicles as Nanovehicles to Deliver Carbohydrate-Based Therapeutics and Vaccines
    (2025-03-01)
    Puagsopa, Japigorn
    ;
    Tongviseskul, Niksa
    ;
    Jaroentomeechai, Thapakorn
    ;
    Meksiriporn, Bunyarit
    Cell-derived, nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising tools in diagnostic, therapeutic, and vaccine applications. Their unique properties including the capability to encapsulate diverse molecular cargo as well as the versatility in surface functionalization make them ideal candidates for safe and effective vehicles to deliver a range of biomolecules including gene editing cassettes, therapeutic proteins, glycans, and glycoconjugate vaccines. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the development of EVs derived from mammalian and bacterial cells for use in a delivery of carbohydrate-based protein therapeutics and vaccines. We highlight key innovations in EVs’ molecular design, characterization, and deployment for treating diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, infectious diseases, and cancers. We discuss challenges for their clinical translation and provide perspectives for future development of EVs within biopharmaceutical research and the clinical translation landscape.