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    Morphological characterization and phylogeny of pythium and related genera in rayong province, thailand
    (2021-01-01)
    Saelee, Rattasit
    ;
    Busarakam, Kanungnid
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    Most well-known microorganisms in the class Oomycetes (notably genera Phytophthora and Pythium) are pathogenic to both animals and plants due to their diverse lifestyle patterns. This study was designed to recover Pythium from composite soils (cultivated and forest soils) and water sources (fresh and brackish water) from Rayong Province. Twenty isolates of hyaline and non-septate fungal-like organisms were isolated from those sources. The primer pair ITS4 and ITS6 were used to amplify approximately 900 bp products from Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and morphological characteristics including sporangium, oogonium, antheridium and oospore, were noted. Morphological characteristics data of recovered Pythium strain can be classified into 12 source groups. ITS sequencing results revealed that eight closely related species had been recovered: Globisporangium splendens, Pythium cucurbitacearum, Pythium acanthichum, Pythium deliense, Pythium diclinum, Pythium torulosum, Phytopythium vexans and Phytopythium helicoides, which had similarities in the range 94.67-100% values at between 656 and 922 locations. Most of these species were reported as plant pathogens. Therefore, this report can be used as a guide for disease control planning.
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    Morphological and phylogenetic diversity of Pythium and related genera (Pythiaceae, Pythiales) from some areas in eastern Thailand
    (2022-09-01)
    Saelee, Rattasit
    ;
    Busarakam, Kanungnid
    ;
    Importance of the work: Pythium and related genera in the class Oomycetes are an important microorganism group that affects environmental stability due to their diverse lifestyle patterns. However, full information on their distribution is limited in Thailand. Objectives: To describe their oomycetes distribution in Chanthaburi, Rayong, and Trat provinces, eastern Thailand and provide their diversity and phylogenetic data. Materials & Methods: Composite soils samples were collected July-September 2019. Three techniques (soil baiting, soil dilution and soil plating) were used for isolation. Isolated oomycetes species were obtained from different locations (mangrove forest, natural forest, cultivated field and a river). The isolates were characterized using combined data of morphological traits and sequences analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS). Results: In total, 52 oomycetes were isolated and assigned to 11 species (Globisporangium carolinianum, Globisporangium splendens, Pythium acanthicum, Pythium deliense, Pythium diclinum, Pythium longipapillum, Pythium myriotylum, Pythium torulosum, Phytopythium cucurbitacearum, Phytopythium helicoides and Phytopythium vexans). Phylogenetic trees of the ITS region analysis indicated that the species obtained from the various locations in this investigation shared a similar biological trait of Pythium and related genera within clades A, B, D, I and K. Main finding: This was the first report of P. longipapillum recovery in Thailand and perhaps the first publication of this species in Thailand and Southeast Asia. Identification and descriptions of Pythium and related genera were provided, as well as useful information to understand their distribution in Thailand's unique ecosystem.
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    Growth and yield of sweet corn cultivated in soil using third reused nutrient solution
    (2020-05-01)
    Boonnoi, N.
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    Nuntagij, I.
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    Nutrient solution from growing lettuce using Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) was drained from the substrate culture to grow Chinese kale in Dynamic Root Floating Technque (DRFT) before the third usage for growing melon. The third re-used nutrient solution (UNS) was drained from the melon growing substrate, diluted with tap water, and adjusted the concentration to 2.0 mS/cm2, pH 5.8 before irrigation on the sweet corn field. Control plants were grown under general management (manual watering and fertilizing with 15-15-15 fertilizer). Results indicated that growth parameters including shoot height, SPAD value and fresh weight per plant using the third UNS were not significantly different from the control. Yield parameters including number of ears, average weight per ear and average weight per plant using the third UNS also showed no significant differences from the control. Water consumption of sweet corn under treatment of the third UNS and the control were 35.55 and 108.23 L/plant, respectively resulted to reduced water consumption of up to 68.07% and no fertilizer was used in the UNS treatment. Thus, the UNS method reduced both water and fertilizer consumption, while minerals in the nutrient solution were completely utilized, leading to cost reduction and environmentally friendly waste production.
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    Characterization of Phytopythium and Pythium species from freshwater area based on Morphological traits and ITS sequence
    (2023-07-01)
    Maiprom, N.
    ;
    Saelee, R.
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    Twenty isolates were identified as Globisporangium nunn, Pythium acanthicum, Phytopythium chameahyphon, Phytopythium cucurbitacearum, Phytopythium helicoides, Phytopythium iriomotense, Pythium torulosum, Phytopythium vexans and unknown specific epithet Phytopythium species. The reconstruction of phylogenetic trees using Neighbourjoining, maximum-likelihood, and maximum-parsimony algorithms revealed that the majority of isolates belonged to clade K. Furthermore, this is the first report of Phytopythium iriomotense in Thailand. The current information possible that the discovered oomycetes will be useful in future research and applications.
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    Application of seed coating with endophytic bacteria for Fusarium wilt disease reduction and growth promotion in tomato
    (2020-01-01) ;
    Prasom, P.
    ;
    Tomato seed coating with endophytic bacteria (SuRW02) was used to control Fusarium wilt disease of tomato and stimulated plant growth in field conditions. Results showed that seed coating with isolate SuRW02 reduced disease incidence and severity which similar to seed coating with chemical fungicide (Captan). Seed coating with endophytic bacteria and Captan showed disease incidences of 38 and 25% and disease severity indices of 0.37 and 0.25, respectively. Uncoated seeds and seed coating without endophytic bacteria had a disease incidences of 70 and 50% and disease severity indices of 2.00 and 1.25, respectively. In addition, seed coating with endophytic bacteria promoted tomato plant growth and quality of tomato production.
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    Bioactivity of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) and cajeput (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) leaf extracted on inhibition fruit fungal pathogens
    (2023-09-01)
    Suwandee, S.
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    Saelee, R.
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    Results showed that cajeput oil at 10,000 ppm had the highest inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of all tested fungi, with an inhibition rate of 92.5%. It was followed by cajeput crude extract at 20,000 ppm and teak crude extract at 25,000 ppm, with inhibition rates of 88.6% and 67.0%, respectively. Thus, cajeput oil and cajeput extract showed promising potential in controlling fruit fungal pathogens. Effective concentration (EC<inf>50</inf> and EC<inf>90</inf>) of each extract suggested that the lowest concentration to inhibit mycelial growth, spore germination and spore formation were in between 50-90%, which the concentration range between 100 to 30,000 ppm depending on the extracts and pathogen species. This finding could be useful in evaluating the appropriate concentration of each extract for controlling plant pathogenic fungi.
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    The effectiveness of seed coating with microbial fungicide on controlling seed quality and damping-off disease of tomato
    (2026-01-01)
    Baikaden, S.
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    ;
    Microbial seed coating was not significantly influenced germination percentage, germination index, or germination speed under laboratory conditions. Whereas, seeds coated with Trichoderma asperellum and Bacillus subtilis consistently demonstrated to improve seedling emergence and vigor in greenhouse conditions. With respect to disease suppression, coatings seeds with T. asperellum resulted to reduce both the incidence and severity of damping-off disease caused by Pythium torulosum. The lowest disease incidence (30.50%) and severity (17.43%) were observed in seedlings from T. asperellum-coated seeds. These findings highlighted the potential of antagonistic microbial coatings to promote seedling health and provided a sustainable strategy for managing soilborne diseases. This approach is offered a promising complement or alternative to chemical control methods in commercial tomato seedling production.