Limmun, Warunee

Preferred name

Limmun, Warunee

Alternative Name

Limmun, W.

Main Affiliation

KMITL Prince of Chumphon Campus

warunee.li@kmitl.ac.th

Now showing 1 - 10 of 18

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Sustainable Valorization of Salak Peel Waste: Regeneration of Biochar for Lead Removal from Wastewater
(2026-01-01)
Buakhiao, Phruektinai
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Chungcharoen, Thatchapol
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Jamkamon, Aud
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Limmun, Warunee
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Thungsotanon, Dithaporn
This study evaluates the effects of pyrolysis temperature (600°C and 800°C, denoted as SP600 and SP800) and regeneration reagents on lead (Pb²⁺) adsorption performance of biochar derived from salak peels. Moreover, the lead removal efficiency and adsorption efficiency after several regeneration cycles under appropriate conditions were also investigated. The results indicate that increasing the pyrolysis temperature significantly enhances lead removal efficiency and adsorption capacity, with biochar pyrolyzed at 800°C and loaded with lead (SP800Pb) exhibiting the highest initial lead adsorption performance. However, upon regeneration using hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) at various concentrations, SP600Pb demonstrated higher lead removal performance than SP800Pb across all conditions. Specifically, SP600Pb regenerated by 0.1M HCl exhibited the highest lead desorption efficiency and removal efficiency. Furthermore, after five consecutive adsorption-regeneration cycles, the biochar regenerated by 0.1M HCl (SP600RPb) exhibited a suitable removal efficiency of 83.91 ± 0.10 and a desorption efficiency of 148.73 ± 0.13. The observed desorption efficiency exceeding 100 was attributed to the accumulated release of Pb²⁺ ions during successive regeneration cycles, which indicates enhanced ion-exchange dynamics over time. Therefore, biochar pyrolyzed at 600°C and regenerated using 0.1M HCl is appropriate for the reuse of biochar in lead adsorption, promoting sustainable resource application, cost reduction, and waste minimization in production processes.
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Enhanced biodiesel purification using coffee husk bioadsorbents: The role of pyrolysis temperature, KOH activation, and adsorption efficiency
(2025-05-01)
Chungcharoen, Thatchapol
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Limmun, Warunee
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Srisang, Siriwan
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Phetpan, Kittisak
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Ruttanadech, Nuttapong
This study evaluates the performance of bioadsorbents derived from coffee husk pyrolyzed at temperatures of 600, 700, and 800 °C (CH600, CH700, and CH800), along with activated CH700 (ACH700), in biodiesel purification. The results indicate that CH700 significantly enhances biodiesel purity, with optimal purification conditions achieved at a dosage of 2 wt% CH700, a stirring rate of 400 rpm, and a contact time of 45 min. CH700 demonstrated modest performance, achieving approximately 20 % removal of methanol and water. However, after activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH), ACH700 demonstrated improved efficiency, achieving 96.92 % methanol removal and 39.46 % water removal. ACH700 also refined biodiesel quality to meet EN14214 standards and maintained a higher biodiesel yield compared to other adsorbents. The bioadsorption process is influenced by the chemical interactions between the surface functional groups of the bioadsorbent and the contaminants, which is further enhanced by the optimized pore structure of ACH700. The use of ACH700 represents a novel and highly effective approach to biodiesel purification, combining both technical efficiency and economic feasibility. Furthermore, the valorization of agricultural waste adds significant environmental benefits, reinforcing the potential of ACH700 for large-scale biodiesel production.
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Prototype of portable robusta coffee harvesting machine
(2021-11-19)
Ruttanadech, Nuttapong
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Chungcharoen, Thatchapol
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Sansiribhan, Sansanee
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Munsin, Ronnachart
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Thuwapanichayanan, Ratiya
The limitations of machine size and cost are main problems for coffee harvesting using machine picking. Therefore, the prototype of Robusta coffee harvesting machine with portable and low cost was designed and created in this research. Moreover, the effects of bristle hardness, bristle size and brush rotation speed on the coffee harvesting efficiency were investigated. The experimental results showed that the prototype of portable Robusta coffee harvesting machine was effective to harvest the Robusta coffee. It provided the highest coffee harvesting efficiency of 75.24% by using the bristle hardness of 75 shore A, bristle size of 8 mm and brush rotation speed of 700 rpm. The bristle hardness, bristle size and brush rotation speed were significantly affected the coffee harvesting efficiency. The coffee harvesting efficiency was increased when increasing the bristle hardness from 60 shore A to 75 shore A and the brush rotation speed from 600 rpm to 700 rpm. On the other hand, the increase of bristle size from 8 mm to 10 mm provided the lower coffee harvesting efficiency.
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One-Step Synthesis of Magnetic Biochar from Durian Shell Via K2FeO4 Activation for Lead Removal
(2024-01-01)
Pewpa, Orrawan
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Limmun, Warunee
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Ito, Ayumi
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Chungcharoen, Thatchapol
This study explores the synthesis and application of magnetic biochar derived from durian shell (MDS) for Pb(II) removal. MDS was synthesized through a one-step method using K<inf>2</inf>FeO<inf>4</inf> activation. The synthesized MDS was characterized using various analytical techniques, showing a high specific surface area and oxygen-rich functional groups. These characteristics have made it highly effective at adsorbing Pb(II). The initial pH and MDS dosage effects on Pb(II) adsorption were examined. The highest adsorption capacity of MDS for Pb(II) was found to be 87.43 mg/g, which was observed at pH 7 and MDS dosage of 1 g/L. The pseudo-second-order (PSO) model was found to be the best fit for the kinetics of Pb(II) adsorption, suggesting chemisorption. These results are expected to contribute to the development of effective, economical, and environmentally friendly solutions for wastewater treatment, mainly targeting Pb(II) contamination.
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Eco-friendly magnetic biochar from Leb Mu Nang banana peel: Response surface methodology optimization for Cd(II) adsorption from synthetic wastewater
(2024-02-01)
Limmun, Wanida
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Limmun, Warunee
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Borkowski, John J.
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Ishikawa, Nao
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Pairintra, Rattanachai
Magnetic biochar derived from Leb Mu Nang banana peel waste is introduced as a novel precursor for Cd(II) removal from synthetic wastewater. This study comprehensively evaluates and optimizes variable factors, including initial Cd(II) concentration, magnetic biochar (MLP) dosage, adsorption time, and initial pH level, using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A Cd(II) removal efficiency of up to 93.4 % is reached under the conditions of a 50 mg/L initial concentration, 5 g/L MLP dosage, 24 h of adsorption time, and a solution pH of 8. The pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models accurately represent the kinetics and isotherm adsorptions, highlighting ion exchange, surface complexation, and precipitation as primary adsorption mechanisms. The magnetic biochar derived from Leb Mu Nang banana peels shows promise for efficient Cd(II) removal with easy post-adsorption separation.
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Effects of Coffee Form and Distributor Hole Angle on The Fluidization Behavior and Specific Energy Consumption in The Fluidized Bed Machine
(2021-08-01)
Chungcharoen, Thatchapol
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Limmun, Warunee
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Sansiribhan, Sansanee
The fluidized bed technique was applied to use with the Robusta coffee in this research. fluidization behavior and specific energy consumption were investigated under various coffee forms and distributor hole angles. Moreover, the minimum fluidization velocity (Vmf) was also determined. Experiments are carried out in a sample bed height of 5 cm with ambience air. In this study, two coffee forms (Ripe coffee cherries; RCC and parchment coffee; PC) and three distributor hole angles (45°, 60° and 90°) are examined. The experimental result shown that the fluidization behavior is influenced by coffee form and distributor hole angle. The RCC and distributor hole angle of 60° provided the low pressure drop throughout the superficial air velocity. The low values of Vmf and SEC were also achieved in the RCC and distributor hole angle of 60°.
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Application of Centrifuge Combined with Biodiesel Washing Machine with Biochar in Biodiesel Production
(2025-01-01)
Fonghiransiri, Surasak
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Chungcharoen, Thatchapol
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Choola-aied, Orasa
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Limmun, Warunee
This research focused on the application of a centrifuge combined with a biodiesel washing machine with biochar in biodiesel production. This method aims to reduce the amount of biochar used in the washing process to meet biodiesel standards. Therefore, the research aimed to improve the biodiesel production process by using a centrifuge machine combined with the biochar washing method (CB) and comparing it with two methods: gravitational settling combined with water washing (GW) and gravitational settling combined with biochar washing (GB). The results indicated that the CB method could reduce contaminants in biodiesel. Although the biodiesel yield did not differ from the GB method, it remained higher than the GW method, increasing the biodiesel yield by up to 1.19% (90.24%). Furthermore, the CB method was more effective in removing acidity, water content, methanol, and glycerol in biodiesel compared to the GB method, with removal percentages of 63.88%, 79.49%, 99.70%, and 85.19% respectively. Consequently, this led to a decrease in viscosity (3.998 cSt) and density (865.93 kg/m3). This method provides biodiesel properties that meet biodiesel standards.
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Low-Cost Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Rapid Prediction of Biodiesel Properties: Acid Value, Density, Viscosity, and Water Content
(2026-03-31)
Phetpan, Kittisak
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Thongphut, Chitwadee
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Chungcharoen, Thatchapol
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Limmun, Warunee
Partial least squares (PLS) regression, combined with various spectral pre-processing techniques, was employed to compare the performance of two diode array near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers in predicting key biodiesel quality parameters, including acidity, viscosity, density, and water content. An AvaSpec-Mini4096CL NIR spectrometer, operating within the 350–1100 nm wavelength range, was used as the representative shortwave near-infrared (SW-NIR) spectrometer, while a NIRQuest512 spectrometer, covering the 900–1700 nm range, was employed as the longwave near-infrared (LW-NIR) spectrometer. Both spectrometers were equipped with a transflection probe for spectral collection from oil palm-based biodiesel samples. The SW-NIR spectrometer outperformed the LW-NIR spectrometer. The optimal PLS models achieved root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.0037 mg KOH/g for acidity, 0.062 cSt (mm2/s) for viscosity, 2.67 kg/m3 for density, and 59.14 mg/kg for water content, highlighting the potential of compact SW-NIR spectrometers as effective, low-cost tools for rapid biodiesel quality monitoring.
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Preparation and evaluation of blend polymer films for wound dressing using vancomycin-loaded polycaprolactone and carboxymethyl cellulose via crosslinking methods: Effect of mechanical strength, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity
(2024-03-01)
Meedecha, Paweena
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Srisang, Naruebodee
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Eawsakul, Komgrit
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Ongtanasup, Tassanee
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Tambunlertchai, Supreeda
Polycaprolactone (PCL) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are two materials with beneficial properties for wound healing applications. Here, the simple preparation of PCL/CMC polymer films via the crosslinking method was demonstrated for the first time. The polymer films represented the suitable properties of liquid absorption and tensile strength to be used as a wound dressing. The blend polymer films can also load the vancomycin, which prolongs the drug release for effectiveness against S. aureus. The trifluoroethanol showed less toxicity in comparison with other crosslinking agents. This process can also be applied further in other medical devices and wound healing applications.
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Sustainable tropical fruit peel waste biochars for enhanced cadmium and lead adsorption: mechanistic insights and optimization using response surface methodology and backpropagation neural networks
(2025-08-01)
Limmun, Wanida
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Limmun, Warunee
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Maneesri, Wisit
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Pewpa, Orrawan
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Chungcharoen, Thatchapol
Heavy metal contamination, particularly from cadmium (Cd(II)) and lead (Pb(II)), presents a severe environmental challenge due to its toxicity and persistence. This study explores an innovative approach by utilizing abundant yet underutilized tropical fruit peel waste to produce biochars that serve as effective, sustainable adsorbents for heavy metal remediation. Biochars derived from banana peels (BP) and Monthong durian shells (DS) were synthesized via pyrolysis at 400–800 °C and evaluated for their physicochemical properties and adsorption efficiency. The DS600 biochar exhibited the highest adsorption capacity, removing Cd(II) (40.37 mg/g) and Pb(II) (51.74 mg/g), surpassing BP600 (40.22 mg/g and 47.23 mg/g, respectively). This study introduces a dual-modeling framework by integrating response surface methodology (RSM) with backpropagation neural network (BPNN) to optimize adsorption conditions and enhance predictive accuracy. The optimized conditions achieved over 99% removal efficiency, with R2 > 0.98 and MSE < 0.05, confirming the robustness of the model-based predictions. The study highlights the superior adsorption performance of DS600 biochar, with adsorption mechanisms influenced by pH, dosage, and biochar properties. In contrast to conventional studies that focus solely on equilibrium adsorption or rely on statistical models, this work pioneers the use of tropical fruit peel biochar in heavy metal remediation, providing quantitative insights into process optimization and practical scalability. The findings demonstrate the potential for valorizing agricultural waste into high-performance adsorbents, advancing cost-effective and sustainable water treatment technologies.

Limmun, Warunee

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