Thongkam, Montree

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Effects of Zinc and Aluminum on the CuO Crystalline Size for Direct Dimethyl Ether Synthesis from Syngas
(2021-09-01)
Thongkam, Montree
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Piyabunditgul, Nanchapak
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Trisupakitti, Somsuk
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Rungrojchaipon, Pesak
The effects of zinc and aluminum on the CuO crystalline size for direct dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis from syngas were investigated. Metal oxide catalysts were synthesized with various molar ratios of CuO by the precipitation method, and by the co-precipitation method with CuO/ZnO (CZ), CuO/ZnO/Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> (CZA), and CZA at ratios of 1:1, 2:2:1, and 6:3:1, respectively. The acid catalysts (γ-Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>, HZSM-5) were added to the metal oxide catalysts by physical mixing. The catalysts were characterized morphologically and their acidities were determined. Loading of zinc and aluminum at different ratios showed that CZA (2:2:1) gave the smallest CuO crystalline size, appropriate for the methanol synthesis reaction. γ-Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> has a weak to moderate acidity range, suitable for DME synthesis. Moreover, the bifunctional catalyst, CZA (2:2:1)/γ-Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>, had the highest surface area as well as the highest %CO conversion and %DME selectivity.
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Extraction of Chitin, Chitosan, and Calcium Acetate from Mussel Shells for Sustainable Waste Management
(2025-08-01)
Seangarun, Chaowared
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Seesanong, Somkiat
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Boonchom, Banjong
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Laohavisuti, Nongnuch
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Rungrojchaipon, Pesak
In this paper, mussel shells were used to produce chitin, chitosan, and calcium acetate using chemical processes, searching for an alternative environmentally friendly biopolymer and calcium source. Mussel shells were treated with acetic acid as a demineralizing agent, resulting in separate solid fractions and calcium solution. The solid was further purified to produce chitin by deproteinization and decolorization processes, and then the deacetylation process was used to obtain chitosan. The calcium solution was evaporated to produce calcium acetate powder. The yields of extracted chitin, chitosan, and calcium acetate from 100 g of mussel shells were 2.98, 2.70, and 165.23 g, respectively. The prepared chitin, chitosan, and calcium acetate were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to confirm the chemical and physical properties. The analysis results of chitin and chitosan revealed the similarity to chitosan derived from crustaceans and insects in terms of functional group, structure and morphologies. The prepared calcium acetate shows FTIR and XRD data corresponding to calcium acetate monohydrate (Ca(CH<inf>3</inf>COO)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O) similar to synthesized calcium acetate in previous research. In addition, the mineral contents of calcium acetate identified by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis exhibit 97.8% CaO with non-toxic impurities. This work demonstrated the potential of the production process of chitin, chitosan, and calcium acetate for the development of a sustainable industrial process with competitive functional performance against the commercial chitin and chitosan production process using crustacean shells and supported the implementation of a circular economy.
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A Facile Method to Synthesize b-Oriented Silicalite-1 Thin Film
(2022-05-01)
Thongkam, Montree
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Woramongkolchai, Somsak
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Saowsupa, Sairoong
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Rungrojchaipon, Pesak
Silicalite-1 thin film was prepared with the following batch composition—3TPAOH:25TEOS: 1450H<inf>2</inf> O:100EtOH—and synthesized using the hydrothermal technique. Silicalite-1 colloidal crystals were successfully coated on the surface of the silica substrate by the dip-coating method. The investigation of silicalite-1 thin film with organic structure-directing agents (SDA), using a seeding technique with various colloidal seed concentrations, number of dip-coating steps, and crystallization time, were systematically discussed and obtained interesting results. Silicalite-1 powder and Silicalite-1 membrane, the patterns of which showed a unique characteristic crystallography of MFI topology, were characterized by XRD, which indicated the preferred orientation along the b-axis perpendicular to the substrate surface. The morphology and crystal size aspect of Silicalite-1 were also examined by a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
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Vitrimer-like of poly (glycerol sebacate) by using zinc acetate, zinc oxide and Amberlyst as catalysts
(2023-01-01)
Thongkam, Montree
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Saowsupa, Sairoong
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Rungrojchaipon, Pesak
Polyglycerol sebacate (PGS) is elastomeric biodegradable polymer with potential biomedical and green packaging applications. This study focuses on the synthesis of vitrimer-like PGS utilizing various catalysts, including Zinc acetate, Zinc oxide and Amberlyst-15. The investigation of vitrimer-like of PGS polymer by polycondensation of glycerol and sebacic acid with various molar ratio of 1:1, 1:1.25 and 1:1.5 will be studied. The synthetic time and temperature were controlled at 72 h, 120 °C, respectively. The prepolymer of PGS had a weight-average molecular weight (Mw.) of 1743. The result of functional group was confirmed by Fourier transforms Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The intense C[dbnd]O stretch at 1737 cm−1 confirms the formation of ester bonds. The intense OH stretch at 3454 cm−1 indicated hydroxyl groups from hydrogen bonded. When the quantity of catalyst is increased, the results of hardness are rising but swelling (%) becomes lower. The results showed a polymer network has higher cross-link when the catalyst increases. In addition, the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) analysis found that PGS using catalyst does not have peaks of glycerol.

Thongkam, Montree

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