Ganmanee, Monthon

Preferred name

Ganmanee, Monthon

Main Affiliation

School of Agricultural Technology

monthon.ga@kmitl.ac.th

Now showing 1 - 10 of 19

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The importance of thermal history: Costs and benefits of heat exposure in a tropical, rocky shore oyster
(2016-03-01)
Giomi, Folco
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Mandaglio, Concetta
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Ganmanee, Monthon
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Han, Guo Dong
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Dong, Yun Wei
Although thermal performance is widely recognised to be pivotal in determining species' distributions, assessment of this performance is often based on laboratory-acclimated individuals, neglecting their proximate thermal history. The thermal history of a species sums the evolutionary history and, importantly, the thermal events recently experienced by individuals, including short-term acclimation to environmental variations. Thermal history is perhaps of greatest importance for species inhabiting thermally challenging environments and therefore assumed to be living close to their thermal limits, such as in the tropics. To test the importance of thermal history, the responses of the tropical oyster Isognomon nucleus to short-term differences in thermal environments were investigated. Critical and lethal temperatures and oxygen consumption were improved in oysters that previously experienced elevated air temperatures, and were associated with an enhanced heat shock response, indicating that recent thermal history affects physiological performance as well as inducing short-term acclimation to acute conditions. These responses were, however, associated with tradeoffs in feeding activity, with oysters that experienced elevated temperatures showing reduced energy gain. Recent thermal history, therefore, seems to rapidly invoke physiological mechanisms that enhance survivalofshort-term thermal challenge but also longer term climatic changes and consequently needs to be incorporated into assessments of species' thermal performances.
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High tolerance of Chaetomorpha sp. to salinity and water temperature enables survival and growth in stagnant waters of central Thailand
(2015-03-01)
Tsutsui, Isao
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Miyoshi, Tatsuo
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Aue-umneoy, Dusit
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Songphatkaew, Jaruwan
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Meeanan, Chonlada
The effects of salinity and water temperature on growth and survival of Chaetomorpha sp., one of the green tidal filamentous algae, were investigated. Field surveys revealed that this alga was abundant throughout the year in stagnant coastal waters of central Thailand. Chaetomorpha sp. was found in salinities of 3.4–90.0 and water temperatures of 20.1–40.9 °C. Chaetomorpha sp. biomass fluctuated between 9.2 and 162 kg dry weight in a saline swamp, without significant differences among seasons. The highest mean specific growth rate of approximately, 60 % day−1 was observed in laboratory experimental trials at salinities of 20–30 at 30 °C. Salinity and water temperature significantly affected growth of this alga independently and interactively. Based on these results, Chaetomorpha sp. can easily grow, survive and monopolize in stagnant waters where the salinity and temperature greatly fluctuate because of their euryhaline and eurythermal nature as well as their high growth rate.
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The ocean's surface acidification with increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and the threats for coral reef calcification
(2017-04-01)
Ohde, Shigeru
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Ouchi, Aaron K.
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Ganmanee, Monthon
In some tropical, shallow water, coastal areas located around the world, coral cover has been decreasing. This decline in coral reefs is possibly considered to be due to global environmental changes, such as increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) produced by anthropogenic sources. The extra atmospheric CO<inf>2</inf> is leading to increased seawater surface temperature (SST) as well as surface ocean acidification. This study investigates the relationship between the coral calcification rate and four different controlling factors, seawater pH, aragonite saturation state (O<inf>arag</inf>), temperature, and light intensity. Seawater temperature, pH, and O<inf>arag</inf> are all being directly affected by the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide occurring. In this study, coral reef observations were performed in Jicchaku, Okinawa, Japan. A medium sized tide-pool (250 X 225 cm2, average water depth = 22.6 cm) was utilized for experimental observation periods. Two different types of trials were also run. Normal pH (~8.2) trials were run with no alteration to the seawater. Low pH trials were run after adding ~20 mL of 12M HCl to lower the pH in the tide-pool to a pH of ~7.8. During each trial run, a seawater sample was taken once at the beginning and end of the trial run and once during the trial run. In the laboratory, the samples collected from the field were utilized to determine pH and salinity. Total alkalinity (TA) was determined using the Gran plot method that uses a titration pH curve to determine TA. Seawater O<inf>arag</inf> was calculated using a computer program called CO2SYS. The calcification rate was calculated using the change in TA over the change in time. Data from a daytime normal pH trial at the tide-pool showed TA decreased in relation to time for this trial indicating that calcification was occurring at that time. Data from a nighttime showed TA increased in relation to time for the trial indicating that calcium carbonate dissolution was occurring during nighttime. We also observed that there is a positive relationship between light intensity and the calcification rate suggesting 'light-enhanced' calcification. It could be observed that there is little correlation between the temperature and calcification rate. This suggests that temperature had no effect on changes in the calcification rate for the tide-pool experiments. On the other hand, seawater pH and O<inf>arag</inf> were observed to have a strong influence on the calcification rate. From the field experiments we suggest that coral reef calcification is closely coupled to seawater CO<inf>2</inf> pH and O<inf>arag</inf>, and reduced coral calcification is predicted in the near future when atmospheric CO<inf>2</inf> further increases.
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Small-scale fishery income impact from artificial reefs in Lang Suan District, Chumphon Province, Thailand
(2019-06-15)
Kantavichai, Rapeepan
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Mekhora, Thamrong
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Ganmanee, Monthon
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Thongsamui, Ariya
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Pornratanachotsakul, Maytapon
To evaluate the economic impact of artificial reefs on small-scale fishing community, we investigated fishers’ income and perception after 3 years of artificial reef deployment in Lang Suan District, Chumphon Province, Thailand. Ninety-two small-scale fishing households were randomly selected for survey. Half of households relied on squid fishing as a major source of income. Squid fishing contributed three-quarter of the total fishery income in this artisanal fishing community. Percentage of households having decrease in fishery income after artificial reef deployment households was 24%. While percentages of households experiencing no change and increase in fishery income were equal at 38%. Ordered logistic regression model identified that fisher characteristics such as family size, sub-district, squid fishery as the major income, fishing time, and fishers’ rest were significant factors affecting changes in fishery income. Differences in fishery income after AR program were estimated by propensity score matching method and showed that annual community fishery income has increased by 6%. Also, most of the respondents showed satisfaction toward artificial reef program in enhancement of marine resources and environment.
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Effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron concentrations and salinity on lipid production in newly isolated strain of the tropical green microalga, Scenedesmus dimorphus KMITL
(2013-06-01)
Ruangsomboon, Suneerat
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Ganmanee, Monthon
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Choochote, Sakchai
The fatty acid composition, the effect of different concentrations of nitrogen (16.5-344 mg L-1), phosphorus (9-45 mg L-1), iron (9-45 mg L-1) and salinity levels (0-20 psu) on lipid production in the green microalga Scenedesmus dimorphus KMITL, a new strain isolated from a tropical country, Thailand, were studied. The alga was isolated from a freshwater fish pond, and cultured in Chlorella medium by varying one parameter at a time. The main fatty acid composition of this strain was C16-C18 (97.52 %) fatty acids. A high lipid content was observed in conditions of 16.5 mg L-1-N, or 22 mg L-1-P, or 45 mg L-1-Fe, or 5 psu salinity, which accumulated lipids to 20.3 ± 0.4, 19.4 ± 0.2, 24.7 ± 0.5, and 14.3 ± 0.2 % of algal biomass, respectively. Increasing lipid content and lipid productivity was noted when the alga was cultured under high iron concentration and high salinity, as well as under reduced phosphorus conditions, whereas nitrogen limitation only resulted in an increased lipid content. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
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Co-culture with Chaetomorpha sp. enhanced growth performance and reduced feed conversion ratio of the giant tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon
(2015-09-08)
Tsutsui, Isao
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Songphatkaew, Jaruwan
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Meeanan, Chonlada
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Aue-Umneoy, Dusit
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Sukchai, Halethichanok
The increase in global demand for fishery products has led to a fivefold increase in aquaculture production since 1990. Commercial feed is the highest production cost in intensive aquaculture, and residual commercial feed leads to eutrophication; hence it is important to find a low-cost alternative that has less environmental impact. We investigate the use of the filamentous green algae, Chaetomorpha sp., as a raw feed for giant tiger prawns. The giant tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon was grown in monoculture, and in co-culture with Chaetomorpha sp. to investigate the potential benefits of co-culturing. Five 20-day-old giant tiger prawn juveniles were released in 70-L monoculture and co-culture tanks, and the specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured after 10 weeks. The final mean body weight of co-cultured prawns was approximately 50 % heavier than that of monocultured prawns. The SGR in co-culture tanks was 4.79 ± 0.08 % day−1, which was higher than that in monoculture tanks (4.14 ± 0.27 % day−1). The FCR was 38.9 % lower in co-culture than in monoculture tanks. The protein content of Chaetomorpha sp. obtained from proximate analysis was almost the same or a little lower than other filamentous green seaweeds; however, the Chaetomorpha sp. has higher fiber and gross energy. These results show that Chaetomorpha sp. has potential for reducing feed costs in prawn intensive aquaculture through co-culturing.
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Ecological and morphological profile of floating spherical Cladophora socialis aggregations in Central Thailand
(2015-04-21)
Tsutsui, Isao
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Miyoshi, Tatsuo
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Sukchai, Halethichanok
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Pinphoo, Piyarat
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Aueumneoy, Dusit
The unique beauty of spherical aggregation forming algae has attracted much attention from both the scientific and lay communities. Several aegagropilous seaweeds have been identified to date, including the plants of genus Cladophora and Chaetomorpha. However, this phenomenon remains poorly understood. In July 2013, a mass occurrence of spherical Cladophora aggregations was observed in a salt field reservoir in Central Thailand. The aims of the present study were to describe the habitat of the spherical aggregations and confirm the species. We performed a field survey, internal and external morphological observations, pyrenoid ultrastructure observations, and molecular sequence analysis. Floating spherical Cladophora aggregations (1-8 cm in diameter) were observed in an area ∼560 m2, on the downwind side of the reservoir where there was water movement. Individual filaments in the aggregations were entangled in each other; consequently, branches growing in different directions were observed within a clump. We suggest that water movement and morphological characteristics promote the formation of spherical aggregations in this species. The molecular sequencing results revealed that the study species was highly homologous to both C. socialis and C. coelothrix. However, the diameter of the apical cells in the study species was less than that of C. coelothrix. The pyrenoid ultrastructure was more consistent with that of C. socialis. We conclude that the study species is C. socialis. This first record of spherical aggregations in this species advances our understanding of these formations. However, further detailed physical measurements are required to fully elucidate the mechanism behind these spherical formations.
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Coral skeletons as a recorder of metal pollution: Environmental monitoring in the gulf of Thailand
(2016-01-01)
Ohde, Shigeru
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Tanaka, Kentaro
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Ganmanee, Monthon
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McLeod, Cameron W.
Coral skeletons provide useful information on aquatic environments in which corals grew, and they also offer to use as recorders of pollution history from urbanized hinterlands to coral reefs. In order to monitor pollutant discharges from urban areas to the Gulf of Thailand since the 1980s, we collected Porites corals from Khang Khao Island about 50 km southeast of Bangkok in 1985, 1998, 2001 and 2008. The coral collection periods since the 1980s coincided with a series of laws enacted by the Thai government to curb environmental pollution. To determine the skeletal growth of the samples, oxygen isotopes (18O/16O as δ18O) in coral aragonite was measured by stable isotope mass spectrometry. A cyclical change in d18O is observed to record an annual change in seawater salinity, and then the coral growth rate is estimated at ~18 mm/year on average. Using the skeletal δ18O method, the coral chronology was established in the Gulf of Thailand. Next we used a recently developed laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) method to assess the impact of metal pollution on coral skeletons taken from the Gulf of Thailand since the 1980s. The extent of anthropogenic contribution by riverine input to the gulf, including aerosol deposits, was assessed by comparing metal-calcium (Me/Ca) ratios of Khang Khao corals to those of Rukan-sho, a relatively unpolluted coral reef, Okinawa. In this comparison, high riverine inputs of Ba, V, Cd and Pb were observed from the Me/Ca values in the Thai coral samples. Since Ba concentration in seawater around Khang Khao Island largely depends on input from the rivers, especially the Chao Phraya River, the Ba/Ca ratios in Khang Khao corals reflect by the high concentrations of riverine input, showing cyclical variations like those of oxygen isotopes in the coral samples. The V/Ca ratios of Khang Khao corals showed a higher average value than that of the Rukan-sho coral, suggesting anthropogenic vanadium inputs due to fuel oil pollution in the Gulf since the late 1990s. Higher Cd/Ca ratios were observed in Khang Khao corals compared to that of Rukan-sho coral, indicating that the Cd concentration in the Gulf continuously suffered from anthropogenic input since 1983. The levels of Cd in the coral indicate a gradual decrease in the Gulf in the late 1990s, with a drastic drop in concentration from the 1980s. The historical variation in Pb/Ca ratios recorded in the coral skeletons suggests the Gulf of Thailand suffered from anthropogenic lead from 1985 to 2001. The Pb/Ca values recorded in Khang Khao Island corals suggest that the Gulf has been polluted by anthropogenic Pb from the early 1990s. After the use of leaded gasoline was banned in Thailand since 1995, the Pb/Ca in the Khang Khao Island corals showed a remarkable decrease, indicating that regulatory control has limited anthropogenic Pb inputs to the Gulf of Thailand. In conclusion, the coral archival record of the metals (V, Cd, Hg and Pb) strongly suggests the success of the environmental laws and regulations by the Thai Government introduced since the middle 1990s.
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Cyanobacterial composition and microcystin accumulation in catfish pond
(2014-01-01)
Ruangsomboon, Suneerat
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Yongmanitchai, Wichien
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Taveekijakarn, Paveena
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Ganmanee, Monthon
Cyanobacterial blooms frequently occur in catfish ponds, but the potential effects of its secondary metabolites on cultured animals in ponds and human beings remain largely unknown. In the present study, high chlorophyll-a levels (1.28-2.06 mg/L) indicated massive phytoplankton blooms in the studied ponds, with a maximum density of 52 × 106 cells/L of potentially toxic cyanobacteria, composed mainly of Microcystis aeruginosa, Oscillatoria spp., Lyngbya sp., Pseudanabaena spp., Anabaena spp., Anabaenopsis sp., and Cylindrospermopsis sp. However, microcystins were not detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in samples of water and fish. Instead, microcystin-RR in phytoplankton was estimated to be between 0.014 and 0.202, and correlated positively with the density of Anabaena spp. (r=0.33, p<0.05), alkalinity (r=0.37, p<0.05), and ammonia (r=0.48, p<0.01). Microcystin was not detected in the fish in this study, but microcystin accumulation was found in 43% of analyzed phytoplankton samples. Therefore, long-term monitoring is recommended in order to fully understand microcystin accumulation patterns at all degrees of phytoplankton bloom.
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Polymorphic microsatellite markers in the long-spined sea urchin Diadema setosum
(2014-12-01)
Wang, Mingling
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Li, Zhe
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Ganmanee, Monthon
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Xie, James Y.
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Urriago, Juan Diego
We developed twenty polymorphic microsatellite markers for the long-spined sea urchin Diadema setosum by screening microsatellite enriched library, and characterized their polymorphism using two populations of 45 individuals. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 17, and the observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.0714 to 1.000 and 0.6655 to 0.9321, respectively. Twelve loci conformed to the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction. These polymorphic microsatellite markers will facilitate studies of population genetics and connectivity in D. setosum.

Ganmanee, Monthon

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