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    N-doped Porous Carbon from Palm Male Flower via Hydrothermal Carbonization
    (2020-07-30)
    Verasarut, Panupong
    ;
    Liamprawat, Tanatorn
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    Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
    ;
    ;
    Panomsuwan, Gasidit
    N-doped porous carbon materials were produced from palm male flower using hydrothermal carbonization processes at 200 C for 24 h followed by N-Doping and carbonization at 700C for 2 h. N-doping was carried out by impregnation using NH4OH at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 M and 2 M. Products were characterized by means of chemical composition and morphology using SEM, XPS, and XRD to characterize specific properties such as physical morpholog, porosity, elemental composition on surface and crystalline structure of PMF. After applying hydrothermal carbonization processes, the results showed substantially increased porosity and surface area with suitable microstructure for N-doped electrodes applications. The highest porosity was obtained at NPC-1.5 M.
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    A novel photocatalyst of Y2O3-BaO-ZnO ternary system for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of carbofuran insecticide
    (2024-08-01)
    Sujinnapram, Supphadate
    ;
    Krobthong, Sucheewan
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    Moungsrijun, Sasimonton
    ;
    Boonruang, Chatdanai
    ;
    Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
    A novel Y<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-BaO-ZnO ternary system was synthesized via precipitation of a mixture of Y(NO<inf>3</inf>)<inf>3</inf>.6 H<inf>2</inf>O:Ba(NO<inf>3</inf>)<inf>2</inf>:Zn(NO<inf>3</inf>)<inf>2</inf>.6 H<inf>2</inf>O using some Fibonacci sequences. The Y<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-BaO-ZnO was applied to the photocatalyst to investigate the degradation of carbofuran insecticide. The Y<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-BaO-ZnO prepared at the sequence ratio of 5:8:13 (YBZ5) exhibited the highest photocatalytic performance. Morphological characterization showed that the particle size of the YBZ5 sample was significantly smaller than that of ZnO by over half, possibly providing high surface areas. The crystalline structure, functional group, and surface chemical composition investigations confirmed the presence of Y<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>, BaO, and ZnO. The fluorescence study exhibited no difference. Based on band gap energy and energy band alignment analysis, the Y<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-BaO-ZnO ternary system demonstrated a well-aligned valence band. The energy band alignment analysis revealed a good alignment of the valence band for continuous hole transport in the Y<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-BaO-ZnO ternary system. The alignment induces charge separation which reduces recombination and provides efficient active carriers at the surfaces of the photocatalyst, allowing reactions with toxic molecules. Therefore, the synergistic function of high surface areas and appropriate energy band alignments of the novel Y<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-BaO-ZnO ternary system is considered the crucial factor in the enhancement of photocatalytic performance.
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    Solid shrimp waste derived nanoporous carbon as an alternative bio-sorbent for oxytetracycline removal from aquaculture wastewater
    (2024-06-15)
    Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
    ;
    Samattakarn, Nippit
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    Chanpee, Sirayu
    ;
    ;
    Manatura, Kanit
    Recently, it has been critical to effectively remove oxytetracycline (OTC) from aquaculture wastewater before releasing into the environment. The adsorption process is recognized as an efficient pathway for removing OTC since it is a simple, stable, and cost-effective method. This study aims to develop nanoporous carbon entirely from shrimp waste (SW) via hydrothermal carbonization assisted with KOH activation. Existing KOH significantly increases the porosity of SW nanoporous carbon. The optimal SW porous carbon was obtained using 5 wt%KOH for activation, which had the largest surface area of 679.51 m<sup>2</sup>/g with the total pore volume of 0.458 cm<sup>3</sup>/g. Moreover, the SW porous carbon with the highest porosity was selected for the OTC adsorption. The Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model match the experimental data, implying that the adsorption mechanism is mono-layered adsorption due to micropores by chemisorption interaction. The adsorption capacity significantly improved by increasing the dosage of SW nanoporous carbon. The SW nanoporous carbon adsorption for OTC is primarily regulated by pore filling affected by hydrogen bonding, and π-π* interaction also plays a significant role. The SW nanoporous carbon showed an efficient OTC adsorption after 5 regeneration cycles. This work demonstrates biomass waste recycling and emphasizes the potential of aquatic food processing waste-derived nanoporous carbon for antibiotic adsorption.
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    Nanoporous Carbon from Water Hyacinth Via Hydrothermal Carbonization
    (2020-07-30)
    Chanpee, Sirayu
    ;
    Suksai, Nattaya
    ;
    Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
    ;
    ;
    Fuji, Masayoshi
    Nanoporous carbon materials have been successfully synthesized from water hyacinth via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). This research was studied the effect of hydrothermal temperature from 160 - 200 C and reaction time for 4 - 24 h. Afterwards, carbonization was carried out at the temperature of 600 - 900 C for 2 h in N2 atmosphere for developing porosity and even removing contaminants of hydrothermal char to obtain the porous carbon. The physico-chemical properties of nanoporous carbon materials were comprehensively characterized through Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), CHN elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and BET analysis. The adsorption capacity and carbon content of nanoporous carbon materials from water hyacinth were increased with increased hydrothermal carbonization temperature and time. Performing HTC at 200 C for 12 h. Is the optimum condition to synthesis of precursor materials for good adsorbent.
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    Palm oil conversion to bio-jet and green diesel fuels over cobalt phosphide on porous carbons derived from palm male flowers
    (2020-06-01)
    Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
    ;
    Kaewmeesri, Rungnapa
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    Itthibenchapong, Vorranutch
    ;
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    Faungnawakij, Kajornsak
    Porous carbon was successfully synthesized from palm male flowers (PMFs), using microwave-assisted potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation and was used as a catalyst support for the conversion of palm oil into bio-hydrocarbons, in fractions of green diesel and bio-jet fuel. Palm male flower-derived porous carbon (PC), consolidated with well dispersed cobalt phosphide (CoP) nanoparticles, was synthesized by simple wet-impregnation with subsequent thermal treatment. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized CoP/PC catalysts were evaluated by various techniques including proximate and ultimate elemental analysis, FTIR, XRD, N<inf>2</inf> sorption, SEM, TEM–EDS, and NH<inf>3</inf>-temperature programmed desorption (TPD). The effects of the pyrolysis temperatures (600−900<sup>◦</sup> C), used for the impregnated samples before the reduction process, on catalyst properties and catalytic performance were investigated. Moreover, the effect of a liquid hourly space velocity of 0.5–1.5 h<sup>−1</sup> and reaction temperatures of 340–420<sup>◦</sup> C was studied in the palm oil conversion. The catalyst pyrolyzed at 600<sup>◦</sup> C possessed the greatest particle dispersion and surface area, and showed the highest yield of liquid hydrocarbon product (C9–C18). We also found that the high pyrolysis temperature above 800<sup>◦</sup> C partially transformed the Co<inf>2</inf> P phase into CoP one which significantly exhibited higher cracking activity and bio-jet selectivity, due to the improved acidity of the catalyst.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Corrigendum to “A novel photocatalyst of Y2O3-BaO-ZnO ternary system for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of carbofuran insecticide” [Mater. Today Commun. 40 (2024) 109501] (Materials Today Communications (2024) 40, (S235249282401482X), (10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.109501))
    (2024-08-01)
    Sujinnapram, Supphadate
    ;
    Krobthong, Sucheewan
    ;
    Moungsrijun, Sasimonton
    ;
    Boonruang, Chatdanai
    ;
    Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
    The authors regret that before the online release of our article, some information remained unnoticed during the proof correction. After careful consideration, we decided to make this corrigendum for our article. Typographical errors in Table 2: The correct unit of initial CBF concentration for the YBZ5 photocatalyst in Table 2 should be mg/L. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
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    Magnetic Carbon Nanofibers from Horse Manure via Hydrothermal Carbonization for Methylene Blue Adsorption
    (2019-01-01)
    Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
    ;
    Putta, Ampol
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    Pasee, Warit
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    Fuangnawakij, Kajornsak
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    Panomsuwan, Gasidit
    Disposal and recycle of waste biomass is of great concern. Thermochemically converting the waste biomass to carbon nanomaterials is an interesting because of environmental friendly, low cost and local availability. In this work, magnetic carbon nanofibers have been synthesized by hydrothermal and carbonization of the magnetite preloaded on horse manure which is controllable temperature and additive of catalyst. It was found that Fe is able to form magnetic carbon nanofibers (M-CNFs). Furthermore, magnetic carbon nanofibers were used as an adsorbent for methylene blue adsorption. Synthesized magnetic sorbents exhibited high performance on methylene blue adsorption and it is successfully separated from the water by magnetic separation.
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    Synthesis of carbon nanofiber from horse manure via hydrothermal carbonization for dye adsorption
    (2019-01-01)
    Pasee, Warit
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    Puta, Ampol
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    Sangnoi, Siwakron
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    Wettayavong, Sorakit
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    Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
    The livestock manure was suddenly concerned due to the crucial reason of greenhouse gases emission. Therefore, several technologies were applied to manage these waste materials such as fertilizer production, biogas or carbon material production. In this study, horse manure, a novel fibrous feedstock, was supplied to produce a carbon nanofiber for metal catalyst supporter and dye adsorbent. Carbon nanofiber was performed via hydrothermal carbonization at 200<sup>o</sup>C for 24 hours followed by carbonization at the temperature range of 300 to 900<sup>o</sup>C under the nitrogen atmosphere for 2 hours. Basically, the production yield, chemical compounds, surface morphology and pore size of produced carbon nanofiber were investigated. Dye adsorption capacity was increased by increase of carbonization temperature.
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    Oil palm leaf-derived nanoporous carbon via hydrothermal carbonization combined with NaOH microwave activation for tetracycline adsorption
    (2025-11-01)
    Chanpee, Sirayu
    ;
    Apinyakul, Naruemon
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    Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
    ;
    ;
    Generally, the increase in pharmaceutical industrial activities has led to a corresponding rise in water resource contamination. Efforts have been dedicated to addressing the urgent challenge of waste biomass disposal by developing recycling methods capable of producing bio-adsorbents. Adsorption is a promising approach for removing tetracycline contaminants, owing to its simplicity, stability, and cost-effectiveness. In this study, a low-cost activated biochar was successfully developed using oil palm leaf (OPL) via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) combined microwave-assisted pyrolysis system (MAPS) using sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The HTC and MAPS processes enhanced high mass yield, porosity, energy efficiency, and reduced reaction time. NaOH treatment improved the porosity of the activated biochar derived from OPL, resulting primarily in a mesoporous structure. However, NaOH treatment via the MAPS process increased surface area and porosity. Among the samples tested, OPLC-NaOH-1:1 exhibited the largest surface area and highest porosity, making it the chosen candidate for further TC adsorption tests. The adsorption experiments revealed that the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model accurately matched the experimental data, suggesting a mono-layered adsorption mechanism due to micropores and chemisorption interactions. Additionally, thermodynamic analysis indicated an endothermic and spontaneous reaction during the adsorption process. The adsorption of nanoporous carbon for TC was primarily regulated by pore filling, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic effects, and π-π interactions also playing a significant role. Overall, this study highlights the potential of utilizing OPL waste as a sustainable material for producing nanoporous carbon and underscores the effectiveness of nanoporous carbon for adsorbing antibiotics.
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    High performance nanoporous carbon from mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) residues via microwave treatment assisted hydrothermal-carbonization for methyl orange adsorption: Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies
    (2022-03-01)
    Siraorarnroj, Siwat
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    Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
    ;
    Fuji, Masayoshi
    ;
    High performance nanoporous carbons were directly prepared from mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) residues by the hydrothermal-carbonization with chemical reagent combined the microwave-assisted treatment. The as-purified ML porous carbon (MPC) was successfully applied for the adsorption of methyl orange, which is one of crucial waste-water pollutants left from an industrial sector. The MPC sample obtained from the hydrothermal process (200 °C, 12 h) using an activation of 15 wt% NaOH (700 °C, 2 h), and combined with microwave treatment at 700 W for 6 min, specifically exhibited micropores and mesopores in the MPC morphological structure. Accordingly, the highest S<inf>BET</inf> was approximately 791.79 m<sup>2</sup>/g with the total pore volume of 0.495 cm<sup>3</sup>/g. Moreover, the adsorption performance test of MPC was conducted by the shaking unit using 100 ppm methyl orange concentration. The MPC showed the highest methyl orange-adsorption uptake of 99% at 30 °C under an ambient pressure (1 atm). The development of mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) residues into porous carbon exhibited a great attention for dyes adsorption with a rapid adsorption kinetic, and excellent adsorption capacity, which are a promising-characteristics for practical waste-water adsorption experiments.