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    Item type:Publication,
    Synergistic Larvicidal and Pupicidal Effects of Monoterpene Mixtures Against Aedes aegypti with Low Toxicity to Guppies and Honeybees
    (2025-07-01)
    Sittichok, Sirawut
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    Moungthipmalai, Tanapoom
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    Sinthusiri, Jirisuda
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    Murata, Kouhei
    The present study evaluated the larvicidal and pupicidal activities of pure and mixed monoterpene formulations—eucalyptol, geranial, trans-anethole, and trans-cinnamaldehyde—against Aedes aegypti and compared them with 1% (w/w) temephos. Safety bioassays of all formulations on non-target species confirmed their safety. The combined mixture of eucalyptol + trans-anethole at 400 µg/mL exhibited stronger larvicidal activity, with an LC<inf>50</inf> of 176 µg/mL, while the combination of trans-anethole + geranial at 400 µg/mL exhibited stronger pupicidal activity with an LC<inf>50</inf> of 167 µg/mL. Both formulations were more effective than a 1% temephos. All the mixture formulations were more strongly synergistic compared to pure formulations, with an increased mortality value (IMV) of 25% to 95%. External morphological aberrations observed at death included swelling of the respiratory system. Importantly, all the formulations were safe for two non-target species: guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and honeybees (Apis mellifera). The combination formulations are strong larvicides and pupicides for controlling Ae. Aegypti, which will help reduce the spread of viruses carried by this vector.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Larvicidal and pupicidal activity of combination of two plant essential oils against Aedes aegypti
    (2025-01-01)
    Sinthusiri, J.
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    Puwanard, C.
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    ;
    The larvicidal and pupicidal effects of six mixtures of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl.) and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) essential oils (EOs) and major compositions (geranial, α-pinene and trans- cinnamaldehyde) were tested against early fourth instar and pupal stages of Aedes aegypti. The combinations (2% cinnamon EO + 1% geranial, 2% cinnamon EO + 1% trans-cinnamaldehyde and 2% cinnamon EO + 1% α-pinene) showed high toxicity against early 4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae, with 100% mortalities at 24 hours and LT50 between 1.4 and 2.4 hours. Additionally, 2% nutmeg EO + 1% α-pinene showed >99% mortality at 24 hours with LT50 = 4.6 hours. 2% nutmeg EO + 1% geranial and 2% nutmeg EO + 1% α-pinene were highly toxic against pupae, with 100% mortality at 48 hours and LT50 values of 5.8 and 7.8 hours. On the other hand, temephos showed LT50 for larval and pupal stages at 9.8 and 94.1 hours. It showed that 2% nutmeg EO + 1% α-pinene was able to control immature stages and was more effective than temephos. However nutmeg extracts need to be checked for human and valuable species toxicity.