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    Novel gamma-irradiated chitosan-doped reduced graphene-CuInS2 composites as counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells
    (2022-05-20) ;
    Hamontree, Chaowalit
    ;
    Sricharoen, Phitchan
    ;
    Limchoowong, Nunticha
    ;
    Laksee, Sakchai
    To address the issues associated with traditional counter electrodes, a novel gamma-irradiated chitosan-doped reduced graphene-CuInS<inf>2</inf> composite (Chi@RGO-CIS) was used as the counter electrode (CE). The system was fabricated following a simple hydrothermal method. The prepared Chi@RGO-CIS was characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The synergistic effect between chitosan, CuInS<inf>2</inf>, and reduced graphene oxide can help in producing a large surface area. It can also help in the generation of catalytic sites toward I-/I<inf>3</inf>-redox electrolytes. We used a composite (based on electrical considerations) to study the effect of the amount of graphene on the characteristics and photovoltaic efficiency of the Chi@RGO-CIS composites. The solar cell assembled with 1.5% Chi@RGO-CIS exhibited an efficiency of 12.21%. The efficiency was higher than that of a Pt-based device (9.96%) fabricated under the same conditions. Hence, Chi@RGO-CIS can be potentially used as the CE of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). It can be used as a substitute for Pt in DSSCs.
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    Remodelling hierarchical NiCo2O4@ZnS nanorods with multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell applications
    (2026-12-01) ;
    Nachaithong, Theeranuch
    ;
    Phumuen, Phatcharin
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    Wannabut, Wassana
    ;
    Kunbuala, Neeraphat
    A hierarchical NiCo<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>@ZnS/MWCNT (NCO@Z-MWCNTs) nanocomposite was synthesized to serve as a platinum-free counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The nanocomposite comprised spinel NiCo<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> nanorods, ZnS associated with the surface of the nanorods, and an interconnected multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) network, and it was synthesized via a low-temperature solution-based hydrothermal method. XRD confirmed the presence of cubic NiCo<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> and zinc blende ZnS phases, while FESEM–EDS and XPS analyses verified the incorporation of ZnS and the formation of a conductive carbon framework interconnecting adjacent nanorods. ZnS, rather than acting as an isolated catalytic component, was considered to contribute additional sulfide-related surface sites and to modulate the interfacial electronic environment of the NiCo<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> nanorods, which likely facilitated redox reactions involving the I<sup>−</sup>/I<inf>3</inf><sup>−</sup> couple. Meanwhile, the MWCNT network established continuous electron transport pathways, effectively reducing interfacial resistance and enhancing charge-transfer efficiency. Thermogravimetric and electrochemical analyses revealed enhanced thermal stability, improved redox kinetics, and a significant reduction in charge-transfer resistance compared with pristine NiCo<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>.The optimized NCO@Z–MWCNT 9wt% counter electrode achieved a power conversion efficiency of 10.03% under AM 1.5 G illumination, exceeding that of the Pt reference device (9.6%). Overall, the improved performance was attributed to the combined contributions of ZnS surface modification and the conductive MWCNT network, which together enhanced charge transport and electrocatalytic activity. This work demonstrates a scalable strategy for developing cost-effective, durable, and high-performance counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells.
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    Selective Fe(ii)-fluorescence sensor with validated two-consecutive working range using N,S,I-GQDs associated with garlic extract as an auxiliary green chelating agent
    (2022-05-12)
    Pimsin, Nipaporn
    ;
    Keawprom, Chayanee
    ;
    ;
    Limchoowong, Nunticha
    ;
    Sricharoen, Phitchan
    The goal of this work was to use the pyrolysis process to synthesize graphene quantum dots doped with garlic extract (as N,S-GQDs) and simultaneously co-doped with iodine (as I-GQDs). XPS, HR-TEM, FE-SEM/EDX, FT-IR, fluorescence, and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy were used to characterize the N,S,I-GQDs and analyze their morphological images. The quantum yield of N,S,I-GQDs was found to be 45%, greater than that of undoped GQDs (31%). When stimulated at 363 nm, the N,S,I-GQDs display a strong fluorescence intensity at a maximum wavelength of 454 nm. Using N,S,I-GQDs as a fluorescence quenching sensor for screening tests with various metal ions, it was discovered that they are extremely selective towards Fe<sup>2+</sup> over Fe<sup>3+</sup> and other ions. Thus, solution pH, concentration of N,S,I-GQDs, quantity of garlic extract, EDTA and AgNO<inf>3</inf> concentration as masking agents, reaction duration under ultrasonic aid, and tolerable limit of Fe<sup>3+</sup> presence in the target analyte were all optimized for Fe<sup>2+</sup> detection. A highly sensitive detection of Fe<sup>2+</sup> was obtained using a linear curve with y = 141.34x + 5.5855, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9961, LOD = 0.11 mg L<sup>−1</sup>, and LOQ = 0.35 mg L<sup>−1</sup>. The method precision, given as RSDs, was determined to be satisfactory at 1.04% for intra-day analysis and 3.22% for inter-day analysis, respectively. As a result, the selective determination of trace amounts of Fe<sup>2+</sup> in real water samples using such labile multi-element doped GQDs in conjunction with garlic extract as a green chelating agent to maintain its enhanced sensitivity was successfully applied with good recoveries ranging from 89.16 to 121.45%.
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    Lithium Amount Effect of Li-Inserted Ultra-Surface Area-Activated Carbon and Improvement of the Electrochemical Performance with Magnetic Field for Li-Ion Capacitors
    (2022-12-27)
    Otgonbayar, Zambaga
    ;
    ;
    Yang, Sunhye
    ;
    Kim, Ick Jun
    ;
    Oh, Won Chun
    It is possible that controlling the lithium-ion amount may relate to the high energy and the specific capacitance of active materials into a single device. As the cathode for Li-ion capacitors (LICs) using nonaqueous electrolytes, we investigated surface functionalization of ultra-surface area-activated carbon (UAC) powder. An increase in capacitance was observed, from 1.25 × 104 to 8.10 × 104 F/g with controlling of lithium amount, as well as an increase in the area explicit capacitance per BET surface region from 657.57 to 1605.25 m2/g, which indicates that redox responses and their remarkable potential might enhance the capacitance for LICs. The pseudocapacitive redox reaction at C=O destinations is mostly attributed to capacitance enhancement. As with the improvement in capacitance, it was discovered that the arrangement of the electrolytes depends on the wetting behavior and particle size that can be adjusted. This study suggests the way for a low-cost and widely used UAC powder with controlling of lithium amount and a magnetic field for LICs. The 6LUAC samples treated with a magnetic field showed excellent specific capacity and energy density compared to samples not treated with a magnetic field under the same test conditions. Finally, we expect that this method may contribute to improvement of the electrochemical performance of materials.
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    A Fluorescence Switching Sensor for Sensitive and Selective Detections of Cyanide and Ferricyanide Using Mercuric Cation-Graphene Quantum Dots
    (2021-06-08)
    Kongsanan, Niradchada
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    Pimsin, Nipaporn
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    Keawprom, Chayanee
    ;
    Sricharoen, Phitchan
    ;
    This study aims to use graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as a fluorescence switching sensor (turn on-off) for the simultaneous detection of cyanide (CN-) and ferricyanide [Fe(CN)6]3- in wastewater samples. The GQDs were synthesized by pyrolyzing solid citric acid. The intrinsic blue color of the solution was observed under ultraviolet irradiation. The fluorescence spectrum was maximized at both excitation and emission wavelengths of 370 and 460 nm, respectively. The fluorescence intensity of GQDs decorated with Hg2+ (turn-off mode as the starting baseline) could be selectively turned on in the presence of CN- and once back to turn-off mode by [Fe(CN)6]3-. The fluorescence switching properties were used to develop a fluorescence turn-on-off sensor that could be used to detect trace amounts of CN- and [Fe(CN)6]3- in water samples. For highly sensitive detection under optimum conditions (Britton-Robinson buffer solution in the pH range of 8.0-9.0, linearity ranges of 5.0-15.0 μM (R2 = 0.9976) and 10.0-50.0 μM (R2 = 0.9994), respectively, and detection limits of 3.10 and 9.48 μM, respectively), good recoveries in the ranges of 85.89-112.66% and 84.88-113.92% for CN- and [Fe(CN)6]3-, respectively, were recorded. The developed methods were successfully used for the simultaneous and selective detection of CN- and [Fe(CN)6]3- in wastewater samples obtained from local municipal water reservoirs.
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    Photocatalytic CO2 reduction with new band gap energy evaluation from spectroscopic relationship of graphene-Mg2CuSnCoO6 composite bridged with organics
    (2021-10-01)
    Oh, Won Chun
    ;
    A new structure of graphene-Mg<inf>2</inf>CuSnCoO<inf>6</inf> composite bridged with gallic acid (GMG) was synthesized with a novel method. Band gap energy of the newly synthesized nanocomposite was evaluated with a laser-wavelength region and DRS method. Evaluation and analysis were based on the relationship among XRD, HRTEM, XPS, Raman scattering, and computer simulated model structure. Changes in the structure of graphene or graphene-based composite were associated with location changes of the valence band and the conduction band. Electron density was used to confirm the number of electrons by computer simulation. Finally, such graphene-Mg<inf>2</inf>CuSnCoO<inf>6</inf>-gallic acid nanocomposite was used for photocatalytic CO<inf>2</inf> reduction into methanol. Under UV-light irradiation, the highest methanol yield was 5.576% with 0.6 g of scavenger. This work might offer a promising strategy for measuring band gap energies of different types of semiconductors.
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    A comprehensive review and clinical guide to molecular and serological diagnostic tests and future development: In vitro diagnostic testing for COVID-19
    (2023-01-01) ;
    Sagadevan, Suresh
    ;
    Oh, Won Chun
    COVID-19 is a contagious syndrome caused by SARS Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that requires rapid diagnostic testing to identify and manage in the affected persons, characterize epidemiology, and promptly make public health decisions and manage the virus present in the affected person and promptly make public health decisions by characterizing the epidemiology. Technical problems, especially contamination occurring during manual real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), can result in false-positive NAAT results. In some cases, RNA detection technology and antigen testing are alternatives to RT-PCR. Sequencing is vital for tracking the SARS-CoV-2 genome's evolution, while antibody testing is beneficial for epidemiology. SARS-CoV-2 testing can be made safer, faster, and easier without losing accuracy. Continued technological advancements, including smartphone integration, will help in the current epidemic and prepare for the next. Nanotechnology-enabled progress in the health sector has aided disease and pandemic management at an early stage. These nanotechnology-based analytical tools can be used to quickly diagnose COVID-19. The SPOT system is used to diagnose the coronavirus quickly, sensibly, accurately, and with portability. The SPOT assay consists of RT-LAMP, followed by pfAgo-based target sequence detection. In addition, SPOT system was used to detect both positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 samples. This combination of speed, precision, sensitivity, and mobility will allow for cost-effective and high-volume COVID-19 testing.
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    Ultratrace Detection of Nickel(II) Ions in Water Samples Using Dimethylglyoxime-Doped GQDs as the Induced Metal Complex Nanoparticles by a Resonance Light Scattering Sensor
    (2021-06-15)
    Pimsin, Nipaporn
    ;
    Kongsanan, Niradchada
    ;
    Keawprom, Chayanee
    ;
    Sricharoen, Phitchan
    ;
    Nuengmatcha, Prawit
    This study aimed to synthesize dimethylglyoxime (DMG) (N-source)-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) via simultaneous pyrolysis of citric acid and 1.0% (w/v) DMG. The maximum excitation wavelength (λmax, ex = 380 nm) of the N-GQD solution (49% quantum yield (QY)) was a red shift with respect to that of bare GQDs (λmax, ex = 365 nm) (46% QY); at the same maximum emission wavelength (λmax, em = 460 nm), their resonance light scattering (RLS) intensity peak was observed at λmax, ex/em = 530/533 nm. FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XRD, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses were performed to examine the synthesized materials. The selective and sensitive detection of Ni2+ using the RLS intensity was performed at 533 nm under the optimum conditions consisting of both 25 mg L-1 N-GQDs and 2.5 mg L-1 DMG in the ammonium buffer solution of pH 9.0. The linearity of Ni2+ was 50.0-200.0 μg L-1 with a regression line, y = 5.031x - 190.4 (r2 = 0.9948). The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were determined to be 20.0 and 60.0 μg L-1, respectively. The method precision expressed as % RSDs was 4.90 for intraday (n = 3 × 3) and 7.65 for interday (n = 5 × 3). This developed method afforded good recoveries of Ni2+ in a range of 85-108% when spiked with real water samples. Overall, this innovative method illustrated the identification and detection of Ni2+ as a DMG complex with N-GQDs, and the detection was highly sensitive and selective.
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    A Novel Synthesis of Rod-Shape BaNiSn-Graphene Decorated TiO2 Composite as a Ternary Photocatalyst to Improve Visible-Light Driven H2 Evolution with Lactic Acid and TEA
    (2023-03-01) ;
    Rafat, Md Nazmodduha
    ;
    Ullah, Kefayat
    ;
    Oh, Won Chun
    A novel rod-shape BaNiSn-Graphene oxide decorated TiO<inf>2</inf> composite (BaNiSn-GT) has been synthesized using a simple ultrasonic method to enhance the visible-light-driven H<inf>2</inf> evolution with cationic scavengers. The unique structure between the interfaces of BaNiSn-Graphene and TiO<inf>2</inf> provides graphene oxide of contact and excellent electron transfer for H<inf>2</inf> evolution activity. The BaNiSn-GT ternary photocatalyst exhibits relatively high photocatalytic activity with a hydrogen evolution rate of 1012 μmol/g during 4 h. On the other hand, BaNiSn-GT composite exhibited significantly higher hydrogen evolution rates of 870 μmol/g with TEA scavenger and 730 μmol/g with LA scavenger during 1 h, respectively. Moreover, the higher photocurrent density of BaNiSn-GT is correlated with electron–hole recombination, providing evidence for its inhibition, which leads to a longer lifetime of carriers produced by photoelectrons. The mechanism of the photocatalytic H<inf>2</inf> evolution of BaNiSn-GT based on a full physicochemical characterization was proposed. This study provides new insight into the efficient hydrogen-evolution of graphene-based photocatalysts.
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    Magnetic and ultrasonic integrated photocatalytic hydrogen evolution effects with Nanosize CoOCu2OZnO and TiO2 decorated on reduced graphene oxide
    (2023-12-01) ;
    Meng, Zeda
    ;
    Ullah, Kefayat
    ;
    Wijaya, Karna
    ;
    Otgonbayar, Zambaga
    In this study, metal oxide composite (CoOCu<inf>2</inf>OZnO) and TiO<inf>2</inf> on graphene oxide composite (CCZ−G−T) were synthesized to improve visible light-driven H<inf>2</inf> evolution through the addition of a cation scavenger, ultrasonic effect, and magnetic field effect. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized through structural, surface, and electrochemical analyses with band structure. The photocatalyst showed hydrogen production of 792 μmol·g<sup>−1</sup> for 4 hours. Moreover, this CCZ−G−T photocatalyst exhibits relatively high photocatalytic activity at (530−810) μmol·g<sup>−1</sup> when using a scavenger, 1,190 μmol·g<sup>−1</sup> when using a magnetic field of 0.14 T, and 1,230 μmol·g<sup>−1</sup> when using ultrasonic waves. The CCZ−G−T composite exhibited 630 μmol·g<sup>−1</sup> under a magnetic field condition of 0.14 T for 1 hour, which was significantly higher than the hydrogen production rate of 510 μmol·g<sup>−1</sup> under ultrasonic conditions. The current study provides new insights into the magnetic field effect on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of graphene-based photocatalysts.