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    Effect of different desiccant bed designs in a desiccant column on dehumidification performance
    The main objective of this study was to develop a desiccant column with enhanced air dehumidification. Multilayer desiccant beds with and without air ducts were designed in the column. The desiccant material was silica gel. Air dehumidification characteristics and psychrometric properties of air of various desiccant bed designs were investigated. Dehumidification rate, percentage adsorbed water, desiccant column effectiveness of each design were evaluated at an air flow rate of 1.2 m<sup>3</sup> min<sup>-1</sup>, where the control was a single layer packed bed design. Both kinds of multilayer bed designs (with and without air ducts) exhibited a significantly better dehumidification rate, percentage adsorbed water, and desiccant column effectiveness than the control. The experimental dehumidification psychrometric process was consistent with the theoretical adiabatic dehumidification process. The percentage dehumidification rate as time passed for every multilayer bed design was better than that of the control. The 15-layer bed design with air ducts exhibited the highest values of about 15.73 g water min<sup>-1</sup> dehumidification rate, 51.59% dehumidification efficiency, and 0.998 desiccant column effectiveness. This design shows good dehumidification performance and can be simply applied to many processes requiring air dehumidification.
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    Evaluation of cyclic efficiency of multilayer desiccant bed column
    (2020-09-08)
    Sawardsuk, Prueksa
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    Sripinyowanich Jongyingcharoen, Jiraporn
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    The main objective was to evaluate cyclic efficiency of a multilayer desiccant bed column. The experimental setup consisted of an air humidifier unit, a heating unit for regeneration, and the desiccant bed column with 15 layers. An airflow rate of 2.4 m3/min with the humidity ratio of 20 g water/kg dry air was used in this study. The results showed that the highest dehumidification rate of 21 g water/min was found at the beginning of the dehumidification process. During the regeneration process, the highest regeneration rate was 39 g water/min when regenerating the desiccant at a temperature of 90°C. For cyclic operation process, the cyclic efficiencies were 11% and 7% at the regeneration temperatures of 70°C and 90°C, respectively. The cyclic efficiency was dependent on the regeneration temperature.
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    Design and development of continuous pineapple-peeling machine
    Importance of the work: A continuous pineapple peeler was designed having a mechanism to align the pineapple during peeling for use in small to medium-sized enterprises. Objectives: To design, fabricate and test the performance of a continuous pineapple peeler based on the physical and mechanical properties of pineapples. Materials & Methods: The physical and mechanical properties of pineapples were investigated, specifically their dimensions, the forces required to cut the ends and for peeling, and the bioyield force. A continuous pineapple-peeling machine was designed and developed. The offset of the fruit core centerline and the centerline of the cut fruit were investigated to evaluate machine performance. Results: The prototype machine consisted of four main units (cutting, gripping, peeling and pneumatic control). The most important part of the design was the V-shaped grippers angled at 90° that were driven by a rack and pinion mechanism. The machine could hold pineapples of various diameters with the axis of the pineapple aligned with the movement of a tubular knife. During operation, the pineapple ends were first removed by a cutting unit. Then, the grippers held the pineapple horizontally while it was peeled by the unit’s tubular knife. From performance testing, the prototype machine had a peeling capacity of approximately 530 fruits/h, with an effectiveness of 98.2%. Main finding: With the mechanism to align the pineapple during peeling developed in this study, the continuous pineapple-peeling machine had high peeling capacity and high effectiveness, making it acceptable by fresh pineapple processors.
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    Drying kinetics and quality of cissus quadrangularis linn. Dried by convective hot air
    (2020-09-01)
    Thanimkarn, Setthawat
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    This research aimed to determine a suitable drying model of convective hot air drying of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. (CQ), determine the effective moisture diffusivity of the drying process and the activation energy of CQ, and investigate the effects of drying temperatures on energy consumption and quality of dried CQ. Experiments were performed at 40°C, 60°C, 80°C, and 100°C drying temperature and 1 m s<sup>-1</sup> air velocity to dry CQ from 10 g water/g dry matter to 0.1 g water/g dry matter. The generalized linear-plus-exponential-type model has been used to fit the drying kinetics of CQ and demonstrates, among others, the moisture data of hot air drying of CQ at the validation temperature of 50°C satisfactorily with an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.9977. The effective moisture diffusivity was in the range of 0.7302-9.1281 ×10<sup>-9</sup> m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, a positive relationship was observed between this parameter and drying temperature. The activation energy of CQ was 39.78 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>. The lowest energy consumption of 3.40 kWh was required when the highest drying temperature of 100°C was applied. The quality was well preserved when CQ was dried at a lower drying temperature. Drying at 60°C produced dried CQ with the lowest total color difference (16.76), shrinkage percentage (88.47%), and bulk density (0.1817 g cm<sup>-3</sup>) as well as the highest total phenolic (1062 mg GAE/100 g dry matter) and quercetin contents (0.955 mg/100 g dry matter).