Now showing 1 - 10 of 19
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    A scanner-based microplate platform for high-throughput oxytetracycline detection using diazotization-coupling chemistry with greenness evaluation
    (2026-06-01)
    Puttasa, Papawarin
    ;
    Ngernpimai, Sawinee
    ;
    Tippayawat, Patcharaporn
    ;
    Park, Myoung‑Hwan
    ;
    Routine oxytetracycline (OTC) monitoring of aquaculture effluents, water sources, and pharmaceutical products is essential for environmental management and regulatory compliance. However, existing analytical methods remain largely instrumental and low-throughput. Herein, a microvolume, high-throughput, scanner-based colorimetric microplate platform is developed for OTC determination using a sensitive and selective diazotization-coupling chemistry with RGB digital image analysis. Sulfanilamide is diazotized with nitrite to generate reactive diazonium species, which subsequently couple with OTC to form a strongly colored yellow-orange azo dye. Only microliter-scale volumes of reagents and samples are required in each well, and the reaction is completed within a few minutes, enabling simultaneous analysis of up to 96 samples. The microplate is imaged with a flatbed scanner, and color responses are quantified using ImageJ software. A linear calibration range of 1 − 40 μM was obtained with a detection limit of 0.33 μM. The platform was successfully applied to OTC determination in aquaculture effluents, tap water, drinking water, and pharmaceutical samples. It exhibited high selectivity against other antibiotics with no observable cross-reactivity. The green analytical procedure index (GAPI) confirmed the method’s environmental friendliness. Overall, the scanner-based microplate platform offers a simple, low-cost, portable, and high-throughput alternative to conventional OTC assays.
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    Measurement of sucrose concentration using Imbibition length on paper: A device for equipment-free and environmentally-friendly detection
    (2024-04-01)
    Sitanurak, Jirayu
    ;
    Kumpong, Anongnat
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    Yaimai, Orawan
    ;
    Wilairat, Prapin
    ;
    The Lucas-Washburn equation is commonly used to predict the distance (L) that a liquid travels through paper. This equation establishes that L<sup>2</sup> is linear with time and inversely proportional to the viscosity of the liquid. However, there is currently no theoretical equation connecting the viscosity of a solution to its concentration. In this study, the imbibition flow of a sucrose solution was measured along the length of a horizontal strip of filter paper, featuring a printed, thermometer-shaped hydrophobic boundary. A sample (38 μL) was dispensed onto the bulb area, and the solution's flow was visually tracked using a red dye added to the sample. The imbibition length (L) was measured by a vernier caliper at 10.0 min after the sample addition. An empirical equation, based on literature values of the viscosity (η) and concentration (C) of sucrose solutions, was proposed. By integrating this empirical equation with the Lucas-Washburn equation, the following equation was derived: L = a⋅exp{-(bC + cC<sup>2</sup>)}, where ‘a’, ‘b’ and ‘c’ are parameters. This equation was fitted to the dataset of L and C, covering C values from 0 to 60 % w/w standard sucrose solutions, resulting in a coefficient of determination of 0.9987. The plot of L against C was observed to closely follow a linear line, with a fitting providing a coefficient of determination of 0.9986. The sucrose contents in samples, such as soft drinks, syrups, and sugarcanes, determined using the imbibition length method and conventional refractometry, were in statistical agreement via the paired t-test at the 95 % confidence level. This method is simple, instrument-free, requiring only a small amount of safe red food dye, and can be conducted on-site.
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    Smartphone-based disposable cotton-swab sensor loaded with creatinine/Cu–chlorophyllin–stabilized AuNPs for ultrasensitive RGB colorimetric detection of mercury (II) ions in aquatic environments
    (2026-05-01)
    Lerdpiriyaskulkij, Natee
    ;
    ; ;
    Chansai, Sarayute
    ;
    A simple, rapid, selective, and sensitive colorimetric sensor based on a disposable cotton swab loaded with Au nanoparticle–modified Cu-chlorophyllin (Au<sup>0</sup>–NPs<inf>CHL</inf>) and creatinine was developed for mercury (II) detection in aquatic environments using smartphone–based RGB analysis. Au<sup>0</sup>–NPs<inf>CHL</inf> were synthesized by ultrasonic-assisted chemical reduction, employing Cu-chlorophyllin as a stabilizing and NaBH<inf>4</inf> as a reducing agent. A vivid red Au<sup>0</sup>–NPs<inf>CHL</inf> colloidal (7.96 ± 0.29 nm) with a sharp SPR peak at 515 nm was successfully obtained. An aliquot of 75 µL of Au<sup>0</sup>-NPs<inf>CHL</inf> (0.103 ± 0.03 nmol L<sup>−1</sup>) and 25 µL of creatinine solution (40 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) were sequentially loaded into an 8.0 × 0.5 cm cotton swab, separated by a 0.5 cm air gap. Detection began by immersing the swab into Hg<sup>2+</sup>–contaminated samples for 3 min, allowing Hg<sup>2+</sup> adsorption. Breaking the swab generated pressure differential, which, along with gravity, drove the Au<sup>0</sup>–NPs<inf>CHL</inf> to mix with creatinine. The resulting mixture migrated toward the swab tip by capillary action and reacted with adsorbed Hg<sup>2+</sup> through metallophilic 5d<sup>10</sup>–5d<sup>10</sup> interactions. Creatinine acted as a bridging ligand, inducing Au<sup>0</sup>–NPs<inf>CHL</inf> aggregation and shifting the SPR to 620 nm, causing a visible red-to-blue transition. This sensor enables rapid and visual detection and quantitative evaluation via smartphone RGB analysis. The system demonstrated excellent linearity from 1 to 100 µg L<sup>−1</sup> with a low LOD of 0.82 µg L<sup>−1</sup>. Recoveries of 97.6–101.8 % confirmed high accuracy and minimal matrix interference. The disposable cotton swab RGB sensor provides a rapid, portable, and practical tool for on-site primary assessment of Hg<sup>2+</sup> contamination in environmental samples.
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    A flow-circulation system incorporating a PVP-BiOBr@rGO assembly for simultaneous degradation and detection of oxytetracycline in fish farm wastewater
    (2025-05-27) ;
    Suknakhin, Nichakarn
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    Sonsaket, Thanamat
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    Teerasong, Wanatchaporn
    ;
    This work focuses on developing a new flow-circulation system for simultaneous detection and degradation of oxytetracycline (OTC) in fish farm wastewater to address a need for antibiotic abatement in wastewater treatment. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone capped bismuth oxybromide assembled with a reduced graphene oxide (PVP-BiOBr@rGO) photocatalyst was solvothermally synthesized and characterized. The prepared photocatalyst exhibited a morphological flower-like structure with a high surface area, 47.59 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>. Its band gap energy was 2.93 eV. A ternary PVP-BiOBr@rGO composite showed lower charge recombination than its pure form. PVP-BiOBr@rGO was filled inside a catalyst column of a flow system, with a spectrophotometer at the column end. Wastewater was continuously transported through the column and OTC spectrophotometrically examined during its degradation. The wastewater was recirculated until the OTC concentration was minimized. This system achieved 90.3% degradation of OTC within 180 min. The catalyst column could be regenerated for 2 cycles. The proposed flow system offers the advantages of ease of use, inline operation, and real-time sensing. This highlights a potential for real-world sustainable wastewater treatment applications.
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    Preparation of PVP-BiOBr Adsorbent for Efficient Indigo Carmine Dye Removal Using Flow-Circulation Systems
    (2024-07-09) ;
    Saenghirun, Thanakrit
    ;
    Sunthornchainukul, Thanawat
    ;
    Thammaso, Supinya
    ;
    Chompoosor, Apiwat
    This work presents an adsorptive removal of indigo carmine (IC) dye using a polyvinylpyrrolidone capped bismuth oxybromide (PVP-BiOBr) adsorbent. PVP-BiOBr was synthesized via a simple precipitation method. The morphology and surface chemical structure of the adsorbent were characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR, and BET analyses. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics were investigated to reveal the mechanism of dye removal. Prepared PVP-BiOBr has a crystallite size of 19.7 nm, with a mean particle size of ∼2 μm and a surface area of 5.14 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>. The optimum pH for this adsorptive process spanned the range of 4 to 9. Experimental data indicated applicability of the Langmuir isotherm model, and the study confirms a pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The maximum adsorption capacity for IC dye was 208.3 mg g<sup>-1</sup>. A flow-circulation system was developed for the treatment of IC dye contaminated water samples. PVP-BiOBr was packed inside a column and did not spill into the water sample after treatment. The removal efficiency was ≥90% after 25 min. The PVP-BiOBr adsorbent could be reused for three cycles. This work demonstrates that PVP-BiOBr is a promising candidate as an adsorbent for IC dye removal. Additionally, the flow-based system establishes an automated operation in continuous mode, which is viable for large scale applications.
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    A new mechanism for resonance Rayleigh scattering detection of minoxidil based on catalytic oxidation of silver nanoparticles
    (2022-07-05) ; ;
    Chompoosor, Apiwat
    This work presents a new method for minoxidil detection based on silver nanoparticle (AgNP) oxidation. Minoxidil, which is a pyrimidine N-oxide, can be reduced to its corresponding pyrimidine via a redox reaction. In this system, acetate buffer serves as a proton source. AgNPs act as electron donors that contribute electrons to the reaction, producing Ag<sup>+</sup>. Consequently, the sizes and numbers of AgNPs in the system decrease, which results in a decline in their resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS). By monitoring the RRS intensity at 409 nm, a change in intensity was linearly related to the minoxidil concentration over a concentration range of 0.5 – 5.0 mM. The detection limit was 0.35 mM. This approach is simple and rapid. It is done by directly mixing the drug and AgNPs in an acidic buffer. The reaction was completed within 2 min. This proposed method was successfully utilized for quantification of minoxidil in topical hair-growth formulations.
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    Supramolecular electrochemical detection of bisphenol A using a melamine-functionalized reduced graphene oxide modified screen-printed electrode
    (2026-06-01)
    Thammaso, Supinya
    ;
    Kamsong, Wichayaporn
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    Karuwan, Chanpen
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    Saetear, Phoonthawee
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    Detection of bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor, requires rapid and reliable methods to ensure water safety. In the current work, we present a supramolecular electrochemical sensor based on a melamine-immobilized reduced graphene oxide-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (Mel-rGO SPE) for the determination of BPA. The sensing design exploits dual supramolecular interactions: hydrogen bonding between melamine's amine groups and BPA's hydroxyl moieties, and π–π stacking between their aromatic rings. While rGO significantly enhances electron transfer, these synergistic effects improve device sensitivity. A Mel-rGO SPE was fabricated using an ink-mixing approach to produce a uniform and robust sensor. BPA detection was performed using cyclic voltammetry, and the anodic peak potential was 0.32 V. The current response provided a good correlation with BPA concentrations in the range of 1–250 μM. The detection limit was low, 0.23 μM. The Mel-rGO SPE was successfully applied to determine BPA in polycarbonate bottled water. These promising results indicate that the developed sensor is an alternative device for rapid screening of BPA contamination of water samples.
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    Insight into the Covalently Oriented Immobilization of Antibodies on Gold Nanoparticle Probes to Improve Sensitivity in the Colorimetric Detection of Listeria monocytogenes
    (2022-11-16)
    Ngernpimai, Sawinee
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    Srijampa, Sukanya
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    Thongmee, Patsara
    ;
    ;
    Puangmali, Theerapong
    In this work, the covalently oriented conjugation of monoclonal Listeria monocytogenes antibody (mAb-Lis) to amino-terminated oligo(ethylene glycol)-capped gold nanoparticles (NH<inf>2</inf>-TEG-AuNPs) was studied. After NH<inf>2</inf>-TEG-AuNPs were synthesized, the amino-terminated ligands on the particles were then linked to the carboxyl groups in the mAb-Lis through EDC/NHS chemistry. By maintaining the pH of the solution at ∼5, the Fc region of the antibody could preferably attach to the particle surface, providing a specific Fab region that was available for binding with the target pathogen. The resulting mAb-NH-TEG-AuNPs could act as a colorimetric probe for L. monocytogenes based on a particular antigen-antibody interaction, which resulted in a drastic aggregation of particles. This caused the color of the colloidal solution to transition from red-pink to purple or even gray depending on the pathogen concentration. To perform quantitative analysis, the absorbance ratio of A<inf>650</inf>/A<inf>534</inf>was monitored as a function of L. monocytogenes concentration using a spectrophotometer. The detection limit was very low at 11 CFU/mL. Furthermore, a lateral flow strip (LFS) was fabricated as a portable device for onsite utilization. LFS detection could be completed by the naked eye and by a smartphone. The detection limit of LFS was estimated to be 10<sup>3</sup>CFU/mL. Our methods exhibited a substantial improvement in sensitivity compared to that of previous studies on immuno-based nanoparticles. The assay could be completed in 15 min, and no cross reactivity by any pathogen was found. Hence, the designed AuNPs exhibit great promise for use in monitoring L. monocytogenes for food safety and in other applications.
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    Enhanced Stability of Gold Nanoparticles with Thioalkylated Carboxyl-Terminated Ligands for Applications in Biosensing
    (2024-06-14)
    Ngernpimai, Sawinee
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    Puangmali, Theerapong
    ;
    Kopwitthaya, Atcha
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    Tippayawat, Patcharaporn
    ;
    Chompoosor, Apiwat
    Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely recognized for their remarkable optical and chemical properties, making them versatile materials with diverse applications in sensing, catalysis, and biomedical fields. However, their susceptibility to aggregation and poor dispersion under different environmental stresses limits their utility in practical applications. In this study, we investigate the efficacy of utilizing carboxylate-terminated ligands to stabilize AuNPs and enhance their stability and functionality. Through a series of experiments, including assessments of pH buffer effects, ionic strength variations, freeze-drying stress, and protein adsorption, we demonstrate the effectiveness of these ligands in maintaining the stability of AuNPs within a pH range of 5-10. This enables them to resist aggregation in the presence of high concentrations of electrolytes and facilitates rapid redispersion after freeze-drying, enabling long-term storage of AuNPs in a dry powder form without compromising their stability or functionality. Moreover, the ligands efficiently prevent nonspecific protein binding. We explore application of these stabilized AuNPs conjugated with specific monoclonal antibodies for detection of Listeria monocytogenes, highlighting their potential for use in biosensing applications. This research underscores the significance of carboxylate-terminated ligands in stabilizing AuNPs, offering insights into the development of reliable and functional nanomaterials for various biomedical and biosensing applications.
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    The Evaluation of a Lateral Flow Strip Based on the Covalently Fixed “End-On” Orientation of an Antibody for Listeria monocytogenes Detection
    (2024-05-28)
    Thongmee, Patsara
    ;
    Ngernpimai, Sawinee
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    Srichaiyapol, Oranee
    ;
    Mongmonsin, Urairat
    ;
    In this study, the covalently fixed “end-on” orientation of a monoclonal Listeria monocytogenes antibody (mAb-Lis) to amino terminated oligo (ethylene glycol)-capped gold nanoparticles (NH<inf>2</inf>-TEG-AuNPs) was used to fabricate an in-house lateral flow strip (LFS), namely, the fixed “end-on” Lis-mAb-NH-TEG-AuNPs LFS. The aim was to evaluate the performance of the fixed “end-on” Lis-mAb-NH-TEG-AuNPs LFS in detecting L. monocytogenes. The proposed LFS enabled the sensitive detection of L. monocytogenes in 15 min with a visual limit of detection of 10<sup>2</sup> CFU/mL. Quantitative analysis indicated an LOD at 10 CFU/mL. The fixed “end-on” Lis-mAb-NH-TEG-AuNPs LFS showed no cross-reactivity with other pathogenic bacteria and practical performance across different food matrices, including human blood, milk, and mushroom samples. Furthermore, the clinical performance of the fixed “end-on” Lis-mAb-NH-TEG-AuNPs LFS for detecting L. monocytogenes was evaluated by using 12 clinical samples validated by the hemoculture method. It demonstrated excellent concordance with the reference methods, with no false-positive or false-negative results observed. Therefore, the fixed “end-on” Lis-mAb-NH-TEG-AuNPs LFS serves as a promising candidate for a point-of-care test (POCT), enabling the rapid, precise, and highly sensitive detection of L. monocytogenes in clinical samples and contaminated food.