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    Ultrasonically synthesized core-shell Au/Pt nanoparticles decorated g-C3N4heterostructures for enhanced sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of aflatoxin B1 in domestic wastewater
    (2025-10-01) ;
    Peensuwan, Natthakan
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    Paiboonbudsrakum, Tanyapat
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    Chiangthap, Tanawan
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    Chinnawat, Sirinyakorn
    The discharge of domestic wastewater from washing agricultural products contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), even at low concentrations, poses significant risks to food chain integrity and public health. Core-shell Au/Pt nanoparticles anchored on a g-C3N4 heterostructure (Au-PtNPs/g-C3N4) were developed as a highly promising photocatalyst for the efficient degradation of AFB1 in domestic wastewater treatment applications. Herein, core-shell Au-PtNPs were synthesized via a straightforward one-step chemical reduction method assisted by ultrasonic irradiation. The core-shell Au-PtNPs (46.52±0.15nm) were uniformly anchored onto the g-C3N4 nanosheets via hydrogen bonding during ultrasonic dispersion. The Au-PtNPs/g-C3N4 composites were systematically characterized and evaluated for AFB1 photodegradation. Complete removal of AFB1 (50μgL-1) was accomplished within just 1min under natural sunlight using 0.50mg of catalyst at pH 7.0, demonstrating a 6.7-fold enhancement over pristine g-C3N4. Mechanistic investigations confirmed that the AuNPs core induced a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect that broadened visible-light absorption, while the PtNPs shell served as an efficient electron sink, facilitating charge separation. Simultaneously, the g-C3N4 nanosheets functioned as a visible-light-responsive photoactive scaffold, promoting effective charge generation and directional migration across the heterojunction interface. These synergistic effects were validated by diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, photoluminescence quenching, and Mott-Schottky analysis. The combined enhancements significantly promoted the generation of reactive oxygen species (•O-2, •OH and h∗), driving the efficient photodegradation of AFB1. Thus, the Au-PtNPs/g-C3N4 photocatalyst provides a promising, sunlight-driven strategy for AFB1 detoxification in real wastewater from domestic, agricultural and food industry sources.
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    Highly sensitive and selective colorimetric sensor of mercury (II) based on layer–by–layer deposition of gold/silver bimetallic nanoparticles
    A new colorimetric sensor based on gold/silver bimetallic nanoparticles (Au–Ag BNPs) for the sensitive and selective detection of mercury (II) was developed. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized by Turkevich method. The surface modification of AuNPs was modified by the layer–by–layer technique using poly(diallyl dimethylammonium chloride) which provided positively charged of AuNPs. Negatively charged silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by chemical reduction using poly(4–styrenesulfonic acid–co–maleic acid) as the stabilizing agent. The layer–by–layer assembly deposition technique was used to prepare Au–Ag BNPs of positively and negatively charged of AuNPs and AgNPs, respectively. The synthesized Au–Ag BNPs were characterized by a UV-visible spectrophotometer, zeta potential analyzer, FT–IR, TEM, XRD, and EDX. The Au–Ag BNPs sensor was able to detect mercury (II) in aqueous solution, visibly changing from brownish–orange to purple. The linear relationships of the UV-visible spectrometry demonstrate that the Au–Ag BNPs-based colorimetric sensor can be used for the quantitative analysis of mercury (II) in the range of 0.5–80 mg L<sup>−1</sup>, with the correlation coefficient, r<sup>2</sup> = 0.9818. The limit of detection (LOD) of mercury (II) was found to be 0.526 + 0.001 mg L<sup>−1</sup>. The BNPs is also verified to have a good practical applicability for mercury (II) detection in the real samples.
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    Simple and fast fabrication of microfluidic paper-based analytical device by contact stamping for multiple-point standard addition assay: Application to direct analysis of urinary creatinine
    (2020-04-01) ;
    Thongrod, Suthathip
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    Khongkaew, Putthiporn
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    Phechkrajang, Chutima Matayatsuk
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    Wilairat, Prapin
    In this work, a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) for simultaneous multiple-point standard addition assay was fabricated by rubber stamping the hydrophobic barrier pattern onto a laboratory filter paper. The μPAD has a central zone from which an applied sample flows into eight surrounding narrow channels to which had been added the standard solutions. Each channel is connected to a circular area loaded with the reagent. The opposite end of this reagent zone is connected by second narrow channel to the final circular detection zone. The μPAD was applied to the measurement of creatinine in human urine. After addition of a urine sample, the orange-colored product arising from the Jaffé reaction is formed at the eight detection zones. A digital image of the μPAD is then recorded and the ratio of the red/green (R/G) intensity obtained using the ImageJ™ program is used in the quantitation of creatinine. The normal standard addition calibration line is constructed using the intensity ratio against the added creatinine concentrations (50–1000 mg L<sup>−1</sup>). Good linearity was achieved (r<sup>2</sup> ˃ 0.99). There were no significant differences between the creatinine content using an HPLC method (paired t-test at 95% confidence, t<inf>stat</inf> = 1.78, t<inf>critical</inf> = 2.26, n = 10). The use of simultaneous multiple-point standard addition calibration allows rapid determination of creatinine in urine with elimination of matrix interference.
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    Ultrasonically anchored core–shell Au–Pt nanoparticles on g-C3N4-modified screen-printed carbon electrode for efficient electrochemical detection of diclofenac in aquatic environments
    (2026-04-01)
    Chinnawat, Sirinyakorn
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    Thaipukdee, Piyathida
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    Pho-ngernngam, Chakkaphan
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    Jindaphet, Phetradar
    The widespread occurrence of pharmaceutical residues, particularly diclofenac (DCF), in aquatic environments poses serious ecological and health risks due to their persistence and inefficient removal by conventional treatment systems. This study reports a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on a core–shell AuPt nanoparticles (Au<sup>0</sup>-Pt<sup>0</sup><inf>NPs</inf>) decorated graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf>) heterostructure modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for DCF monitoring. The Au<sup>0</sup>-Pt<sup>0</sup><inf>NPs</inf>/g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> nanocomposite was prepared using the ultrasonication method, in which ultrasonic energy facilitated hydrogen bonding between the Au<sup>0</sup>-Pt<sup>0</sup><inf>NPs</inf> and g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> support. The incorporation of Au<sup>0</sup>-Pt<sup>0</sup><inf>NPs</inf> onto the g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> surface provides strong interfacial adhesion, which effectively enhances charge carrier separation and promotes rapid electron transfer across the interface on the SPCE surface during DCF analysis. Optimization of experimental parameter showed that the electrode fabricated at 1.5 mg mL<sup>−1</sup>nanocomposite concentration, 15 s interval time analysis, a scan rate of 100 mV s<sup>−1</sup>and PBS buffer at pH 7.0 exhibited the highest peak current. The Au<sup>0</sup>-Pt<sup>0</sup><inf>NPs</inf>/g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf>/SPCE sensor displayed a wide linear range of 0.25–1000 μmol L<sup>−1</sup>, which LOD of 0.25 μmol L<sup>−1</sup>, along with excellent reproducibility (%RSD = 1.12%) and stability (%RSD = 0.24%, after storage for 30 day). The electrode demonstrated strong selectivity against interfering species. Validation with aquatic environments samples achieved recoveries of 98.88–103.49%, and ANOVA analysis confirmed no significant difference (p = 0.527 > 0.05) compared with HPLC results (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.99). The synergistic effect of Au<sup>0</sup>-Pt<sup>0</sup><inf>NPs</inf>/g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> enhanced catalytic performance, making the developed SPCE platform a reliable, and cost-effective sensor for detecting of DCF pollutants.
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    A design of colorimeter for chemical quantitative analysis based on a web-camera
    (2017-10-19)
    Phongern, Komsun
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    ; ;
    Chengchan, Nathawut
    This paper presents the design of colorimeter for chemical quantitative analysis based on image processing. It comprises of two main parts which are test box and software. The test box consists of a web camera and LED lamp plat which is used to illuminate a micro wells. The software is graphic user interface and image processing. The main of image processing are split RGB channel of each pit in micro wells so calculate calibration curves for finding and unknown concentric solution then show result on screen. The experiment shows the design in this paper can calculate concentric of the solution. The result of the experiment have a correlation of reaction between Fe (II) and Phenanthroline (Red product) 0.985, the reaction between Ethanol and Methyl orange (Yellow product) 0.933 and reaction between Uric acid and Phosphotungstic acid (Blue product) 0.986. Moreover it takes a less time and lower cast compared with the spectrophotometer. The device can be applied to chemical laboratory by possibility.
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    Ultrasonic-driven chemical reduction synthesis of alizarin complexone-modified gold nanoparticles for dual-signal colorimetric and fluorometric sensing of histamine in seafood products
    (2024-12-01)
    Phoungsiri, Ampika
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    Lerdpiriyaskulkij, Natee
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    Alizarin complexone-modified gold nanoparticles (Au<sup>0</sup>-NPs<inf>ALz</inf>) were synthesized using a proposed ultrasonic irradiation-assisted chemical reduction method. Ultrasonic irradiation powers, reaction time and alizarin complexone concentration had been proven to be the main parameters for controlling the nucleation and growth of Au<sup>0</sup>-NPs<inf>ALz</inf>. In the synthesized ultrasonic irradiation-assisted chemical reduction conditions, Au<sup>0</sup>-NPs<inf>ALz</inf> had a spherical oriented morphology with a uniform size of 17.84 ± 1.37 nm and are shiny red with a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of 535 nm. A rapid colorimetric and fluorometric dual-mode detection strategy for selective detection of histamine in seafood was developed based on the self-assembly of Au<sup>0</sup>-NPs<inf>ALz</inf>-Ni (II) complexes. Ni (II) can capture the histamine molecules close to Au<sup>0</sup>-NPs<inf>ALz</inf> surfaces, making changes in the colorimetric and fluorometric responses of the solution. The quantitative analysis of histamine was realized through the variation of dual-signal colorimetric and fluorometric responses. Such Au<sup>0</sup>-NPs<inf>ALz</inf> sensor offered good detection sensitivity for histamine with a detection limit (LOD) of 59.32 μmol L<sup>−1</sup> and 116.20 μmol L<sup>−1</sup> and wide linear response within the range of 10–10000 μmol L<sup>−1</sup> (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9952) and 100–5000 μmol L<sup>−1</sup> (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9947) for colorimetric and fluorometric measurement, respectively. Recoveries ranging from 94.99 to 103.29 % and 97.67–106.88 % for colorimetric and fluorometric assay were obtained, showing low levels of matrix effects. Particularly, the results of the dual-mode sensor were also validated by comparing with the HPLC method for improving the assay accuracy and dependability. Ultimately, the developed Au<sup>0</sup>-NPs<inf>ALz</inf> colorimetric and fluorometric probe performs excellently in practical applications, with promising results for detecting histamine in seafood products.
      1
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    Facile construction of magnetic solid-phase extraction of polyaniline blend poly(amidoamine) dendrimers modified graphene oxide quantum dots for efficient adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water
    (2024-02-22)
    Karaket, Ratchanok
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    Khattiya, Akrarath
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    An efficient magneto–adsorbent composed of polyaniline blend poly(amidoamine) dendrimers modified graphene oxide quantum dots and magnetic Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf> particles (Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>@PANI–PSS/PAMAM–QGO) for magnetic solid–phase extraction (MSPE) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental water was synthesized. Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>@PANI–PSS/PAMAM–QGO exhibited exceptional adsorption property for most PAHs analytes. The nanocomposite sorbent demonstrated a ferromagnetic behavior of 17.457 emu g<sup>−1</sup>, which is adequate for subsequent use in MSPE. Key parameters affecting the processes of adsorption and desorption, including the sorbent amount, vortex adsorption time, vortex extraction time, sample volume, a solvent for desorption and the solvent volume were all examined and optimized. The performance of MSPE using Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>@PANI–PSS/PAMAM–QGO as adsorbent for four PAHs, including fluoranthene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene and pyrene were studied through high performance liquid chromatography equipped with spectrofluorometer. Under the optimal conditions, Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>@PANI–PSS/PAMAM–QGO showed a wide linearity of 10–1,000 ng mL<sup>−1</sup>, low detection limit (LOD) ranging from 1.92 to 4.25 ng mL <sup>-1</sup> and high accuracy (recoveries of 93.6–96.5 %). Enrichment factors up to 185 were achieved. Furthermore, Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>@PANI–PSS/PAMAM–QGO exhibited good recyclability (10 times, RSDs ≤ 5.35%), while maintaining its high efficiency in the extraction of PAHs. The proposed method was successfully applied for environmental samples. Recoveries ranging from 81.2 to 106.2 % were obtained, indicating a low matrix effect and the robustness of the optimized MSPE method. Based on these features and under the optimal extraction conditions, Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>@PANI–PSS/PAMAM–QGO was demonstrated to be a successful tool for the rapid and sensitive extraction of PAHs in the samples.
      2
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    Smartphone RGB camera-based colorimetric platform with double-layer spherical Ca (II)-alginate/ZnONPs hydrogel liquid-core curcumin emulsion for rapid and selective detection of pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) in functional beverages
    (2025-08-01)
    Chinnawat, Sirinyakorn
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    Lerdpiriyaskulkij, Natee
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    A portable smartphone-based RGB colorimetric sensor was developed for the quantitative detection of pyridoxine (vitamin B6, VB-6) in functional beverages, employing a novel core–shell hydrogel probe (CUR<inf>Hydrogel</inf>), engineered with a calcium alginate matrix encapsulating a liquid-phase curcumin emulsion and externally layered by poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride)-functionalized ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs/PDADMAC). The CUR<inf>Hydrogel</inf> spheres were fabricated via a molecular self-assembly reverse spherification and demonstrated high mechanical stability (stiffness: 6.45 × 10<sup>4</sup> N/m, compressive strength: 1.01 × 10<sup>6</sup> N/m<sup>2</sup>) along with excellent UV-blocking photostability for up to 28 days. The CUR<inf>Hydrogel</inf> probe was applied for detecting VB-6 via a smartphone-based sensing platform. The colorimetric assay was based on a two-step strategy involving initially the formation of the colorless pyridoxine-boron complex by VB-6 and boric acid, after which the remaining boric acid binds with curcumin to produce a red rosocyanine dye. A higher VB-6 concentration yields less rosocyanine and a discernible color shift from orange to yellow, which is quantified via smartphone RGB analysis. The RGB values were assessed via a smartphone application, providing the linearity of VB-6 detection of 10–125 mg L<sup>−1</sup> with LOD and LOQ of 2.93 mg L<sup>−1</sup> and 9.77 mg L<sup>−1</sup>. The CUR<inf>Hydrogel</inf> exhibited excellent precision with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 0.20 to 0.27 %, while recoveries ranged from 99.84 % to 103.03 %. Particularly, the results of this method were also validated by comparing with HPLC and UV–vis spectrophotometry. The smartphone RGB camera-based colorimetric sensor of CUR<inf>Hydrogel</inf> has great potential application prospects for detecting VB-6 in functional beverage samples.
      1
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    A new colorimetric method for determination of formaldehyde in sea food based on anti-aggregation of gold nanoparticles
    A new colorimetric method based on anti-aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the presence of melamine for sensitive and selective determination of formaldehyde was developed. The citrate capped AuNPs was synthesized by Turkevich method. A certain concentration of melamine is responsible for color change of AuNPs from red to purple. The surface plasmon resonance peak was shifted from 520 to 640 nm. In the presence of formaldehyde, the reaction between melamine and formaldehyde to form methylol melamine was occurred, which resulted in the decreasing of aggregation of AuNPs. Based on the anti-aggregation mechanism, formaldehyde can be detected by observing the color change of AuNPs solution containing melamine, which was monitored by UV–visible spectrophotometer. Calibration curve plotted between absorbance ratio (A640/A520) and formaldehyde concentration was made with linearity of 0 – 2000 µg L<sup>−1</sup>. The limit of detection and the limit of quantitation were found at 26.0 µg L<sup>−1</sup> and 88.0 µg L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The method also provided high accuracy (%recovery in range 97.3 – 104%) and high precision (%RSD < 5.6).
      2
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    A Ratiometric Fluorescence Amplification Using Copper Nanoclusters with o-Phenylenediamine Sensor for Determination of Mercury (II) in Natural Water
    (2023-06-01)
    Phoungsiri, Ampika
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    Lerdpiriyaskulkij, Natee
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    ; ;
    A simple and rapid method for determining mercury (II) has been developed using L-cysteine-capped copper nanocluster (CuNCs) with o-phenylenediamine (OPD) as the sensor. The characteristic fluorescence peak of the synthesized CuNCs was observed at 460 nm. The fluorescence properties of CuNCs were strongly influenced by the addition of mercury (II). Upon addition, CuNCs were oxidized to form Cu<sup>2+</sup>. Then, the OPD were rapidly oxidized by Cu<sup>2+</sup> to form o-phenylenediamine oxide (oxOPD), as evidenced by the strong fluorescence peak at 547 nm, resulting in a decrease in the fluorescence intensity at 460 nm and an increase in the fluorescence intensity at 547 nm. Under optimal conditions, a calibration curve between the fluorescence ratio (I547/I460) and mercury (II) concentration was constructed with a linearity of 0–1000 µg L<sup>−1</sup>. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found at 18.0 µg L<sup>−1</sup> and 62.0 µg L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The recovery percentage was in the range of 96.8–106.4%. The developed method was also compared with the standard ICP-OES method. The results were found to be not significantly different at a 95% confidence level (t<inf>stat</inf> = 0.365 < t<inf>crit</inf> = 2.262). This demonstrated that the developed method could be applied for detecting mercury (II) in natural water samples.
      1