Assawasaengrat, Pornsawan

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Assawasaengrat, Pornsawan
Alternative Name
Assawasaengrat, P.
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Email
pornsawan.as@kmitl.ac.th

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    Comparative physicochemical and rheological properties of tamarind seed xyloglucan from sweet and sour tamarind cultivars for food applications
    (2026-06-01)
    Julapuk, Punwadee
    ;
    Sriprom, Pongsert
    ;
    Narkrugsa, Woatthichai
    ;
    Phumjan, Lamphung
    ;
    Adair, Pornpatu
    This study comparatively investigated the physicochemical, structural, and rheological properties of xyloglucan extracted from sweet (Sri Chomphu) and sour (Kradan) tamarind kernel (TKP) cultivated in Thailand to provide insights for industrial applications. The extraction yields were 58.35 ± 0.28% and 57.90 ± 0.37% (w/w) for sweet and sour TKP, respectively. Chemical composition analysis revealed comparable macronutrient profiles between the two samples. FTIR spectra confirmed similar functional groups, while SEM analysis showed amorphous and heterogeneous structures with slight differences in porosity. Molecular weight distribution indicated that sour TKP-derived xyloglucan was dominated by intermediate molecular weight fractions (4.03 × 10⁵ Da, 70.46%), whereas sweet TKP-derived xyloglucan exhibited a broader distribution. These structural differences influenced hydration properties, with sweet xyloglucan showing significantly higher water absorption and solubility (%WAI: 475.02 ± 9.91%; %WSI: 5.62 ± 0.62%) compared to sour xyloglucan (%WAI: 398.81 ± 7.01%; %WSI: 4.81 ± 0.57%). Evaluation of gelling properties revealed that both samples exhibited maximum gel strength at 2% concentration and pH 3, with sour xyloglucan forming stronger gels. Rheological analysis demonstrated non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior and dominant elastic characteristics (G′ ' G″), with higher viscosity observed in the sour cultivar. Emulsifying activity and stability were high and showed no significant differences (EA: 93.58–94.87%; ES: 97.94–98.71%). Overall, while cultivar origin had minimal impact on structural and emulsifying properties, it significantly influenced hydration and gelling-related characteristics, supporting the potential of tamarind xyloglucan as a versatile hydrocolloid for food and material applications.
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    Study on chemical structure stability and properties of chitosan-incorporated tamarind seed kernel xyloglucan hydrogels
    (2024-12-05)
    Manamoongmongkol, Kanjana
    ;
    Sriprom, Pongsert
    ;
    Narkrugsa, Woatthichai
    ;
    Phumjan, Lamphung
    ;
    Permana, Lasuardi
    This study investigated the stability of chitosan-incorporated tamarind seed kernel xyloglucan hydrogels prepared at different ratios after storage for three years. The physical hydrogel samples were studied using ratios of xyloglucan to chitosan between 1.5:1 and 4:1, comparing fresh hydrogel with hydrogel stored for three years. The hydrogels were analyzed for Fourier transform infrared characteristics, rheological behavior, flow rate, and zeta potential. After three years of storage, a reversible reaction was confirmed by C-H molecular stretching using Fourier transform infrared. All hydrogel samples exhibited pseudoplastic fluid characteristics with liquid-like behavior. The zeta potential of fresh hydrogel at 1.5:1 and 4:1 ratios was 27.700 ± 0.964 mV and 22.633 ± 0.929 mV, respectively, whereas after three years, it became 28.067 ± 1.106 mV and 18.867 ± 0.503 mV, respectively. The amount of xyloglucan significantly affected the zeta potential of the xyloglucan-chitosan hydrogel, leading to a decrease in the stability of the hydrogel at a 4:1 ratio. The stability of the hydrogel at a ratio of 1.5:1 was confirmed by pH and zeta potential measurements. In conclusion, the properties and behavior of the xyloglucan-chitosan hydrogel remained stable after three years of storage at a 1.5:1 ratio.
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    Optimization of betalain extraction from dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) peel and effect of pH on its properties
    (2025-02-01)
    Permana, Lasuardi
    ;
    Sriprom, Pongsert
    ;
    Manamoongmongkol, Kanjana
    ;
    Phumjan, Lamphung
    ;
    Assawasaengrat, Pornsawan
    Dragon fruit peels are wastes produced in the food industry and contain abundant phytochemicals. In this study, betalain extraction from dragon fruit peels was optimized using water as a safe and environment-friendly solvent. The Box-Behnken design was used to investigate the effects of different pH (2.0–6.0), temperatures (30–60 °C), times (10–60 min), and solid-to-liquid ratios (1:15–1:40 by weight) on betalain extraction from dragon fruit peels. The betalain extracted under the optimized conditions was then studied for its properties across a wide pH range of 2.0 to 13.0. The results showed that the solid-to-liquid ratio had the most significant effect on betacyanin extraction as the major component of betalain in dragon fruit peels. The optimal extraction conditions were determined to be a pH of 3.6, temperature of 30 °C, extraction time of 10 min, and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:15. The expected betacyanin content under these conditions is 72.37 mg/L. A significant change in the CIELAB parameter of the extracted betalain was observed, with marked differences in the L*, a*, and b* values as the pH increased. This color change may be attributed to the degradation of betacyanin into betalamic acid. This study demonstrated the potential of a safe and eco-friendly process for extracting the natural pigment betacyanin from this agricultural waste material and the potential use of betalain in pH-dependent products.
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    Optimizing Ammonia Adsorption Using Activated Carbon from Tamarind Pulp
    (2021-01-01)
    Na-Lampang, Chaiyawat
    ;
    Assawasaengrat, Pornsawan
    ;
    Phumjan, Lamphung
    ;
    Narkrugsa, Woatthichai
    ;
    Sriprom, Pongsert
    Ammonia is an essential waste from fish and shrimp which has an effect on fish and shrimp transportation for export. This study aimed to remove ammonia by Activated Carbon adsorption. The activated carbon was prepared from Tamarind pulp using different methods (NaOH, H2SO4, the hydrothermal technique and activated by H2SO4 and H2SO4 hydrothermal followed by NaOH). The Activated Carbon was characterized by and Iodine number and Fourier Transform I nfrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that the iodine number of activated carbon prepared by the hydrothermal technique and activated by H2SO4 have the highest surface area and porosity at 537 mg/g, and the functional group on activated carbon surface is carbonyl and sulfonyl group. For ammonia adsorption, the experiments were designed by Box-Behnken design at 3 factors 3 levels including Contact time (10, 95 and 180 min), Dosage of activated carbon (0.5, 1.25 and 2.0 g) and pH of the solution (2, 6.5 and 11). The concentration of ammonia was determined by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The result showed that the main effects and the interaction effects were found significant effect on ammonia adsorption at confidence level of 95%. However, the interaction effects between contact time and activated carbon dosage was insignificant. Finally, the optimized results suggested that 48.32 ± 0.82% of ammonia concentration could be removed by activated carbon from tamarind pulp under the following conditions: PH of 11, a contact time of 95 min, and activated carbon dosage of 2 g/100 mL. The results are believed to be of importance to fish and shrimp transportation for reduced ammonia and other similar applications.
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    Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of xyloglucan-chitosan film from tamarind (tamarind indica L.) seed kernel
    (2023-06-01)
    Adair, Pornpatu
    ;
    Sriprom, Pongsert
    ;
    Narkrugsa, Woatthichai
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    Phumjan, Lamphung
    ;
    Manamoongmongkol, Kanjana
    Xyloglucan from tamarind seed kernel powder and chitosan were prepared using acetic acid as an oxidizing agent to form a xyloglucan-chitosan film. This study evaluated the properties of xyloglucan-chitosan films with different loading ratios of xyloglucan using various analytical tools. The covalent bonds formed by the oxidized xyloglucan and chitosan were confirmed by FTIR analysis. Morphological analysis using SEM indicated the formation of a conventional covalent bond in the xyloglucan-chitosan film. The water vapor transmission rate in the xyloglucan-chitosan film was reduced significantly with increasing xyloglucan ratio. Conversely, the increase in the xyloglucan ratio improved the film's mechanical properties (tensile strength = 1.84 ± 0.06<sup>a</sup> MPa, elongation at break = 22.47 ± 0.65<sup>a</sup> %). Furthermore, due to the antimicrobial activity of chitosan, the xyloglucan-chitosan film exhibits intense antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the xyloglucan-chitosan film demonstrated good properties for biodegradable food packaging.
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    Production of antimicrobial film-reinforced purified cellulose derived from bamboo shoot shell
    (2023-06-01)
    Manamoongmongkol, Kanjana
    ;
    Sriprom, Pongsert
    ;
    Phumjan, Lamphung
    ;
    Permana, Lasuardi
    ;
    Assawasaengrat, Pornsawan
    In this paper aimed to enhance the mechanical properties of an antimicrobial film by incorporating purified cellulose obtained from bamboo shoot shells into a chitosan matrix. Films with varying amounts of cellulose (0%w/v, 0.2%w/v, and 0.4%w/v) were investigated. Results indicated that the chitosan film reinforced 0.4%w/v cellulose exhibited higher tensile strength (43.50 MPa) and elongation at break (39.40 %) compared to the film without cellulose (34.47 MPa, 18.27 %). Additionally, the film with 0.4%w/v cellulose showed antimicrobial activity against B. cereus (MIC 12.5 mg/mL), S. aureus (MIC 6.25 mg/mL), E. coli (MIC 6.25 mg/mL), and exhibited 68.67 % inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum. Due to its biodegradability, favorable mechanical properties, and strong antimicrobial ability, the cellulose-chitosan film presents a promising alternative to be applied in the food industry, such as in packaging of dried food or as a coating film.
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    Characterization and Self-Cleaning Properties of Silk Fabric Coated by Chitosan-Xyloglucan/nano-TiO2 Composite Film
    (2024-01-01)
    Lampang, Chaiyawat Na
    ;
    Sriprom, Pongsert
    ;
    Manamoongmongkol, Kanjana
    ;
    Assawasaengrat, Pornsawan
    ;
    Narkrugsa, Woatthichai
    In this study, Chitosan-Xyloglucan encapsulated Titanium dioxide was prepared by in-situ method for coating Silk fabric. FT-IR XRD characterized the functional groups and formation of crystallization of composite film. SEM analysis showed the immobilization of composite film on the surface of silk fabric. The coated silk fabrics were stained with methylene blue, and the stain removal efficiency was evaluated. The results showed that the composite film was deposited onto the silk fabric. The functional groups showed peaks around 1635 to 1636 and 400 to 500 cm-1 that indicate the presence of C=N groups of Chitosan-Xyloglucan and Ti-O groups of TiO<inf>2</inf> on the composite, respectively. The XRD results indicated that the TiO<inf>2</inf> prepared by the sol-gel method was an anatase crystalline structure. The mechanical properties showed the composite film was superior to the Chitosan-Xyloglucan, TiO<inf>2</inf>, and uncoated silk fabric. Finally, the methylene blue degradation capability was investigated. The coated silk fabric has insignificantly removing methylene blue stain than the untreated silk fabric, but it is noticeably repellent to stain.
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    Activated carbon derived from Mahachanok mango seeds as a potential material to delay the ripening of mangoes
    (2024-12-01)
    Sriprom, Pongsert
    ;
    Assawasaengrat, Pornsawan
    ;
    Kraijan, Phornwimon
    ;
    Laonork, Siraphob
    ;
    Rodmee, Apiwat
    The mango processing industry in Thailand generates significant waste, with over 60 % consisting of mango seed. Mahachanok mango seeds, a by-product of mango processing, can be processed into highly porous activated carbon with potential application in agricultural and food preservation. This study investigated the potential of activated carbon derived from Mahachanok mango seeds on delaying the ripening of Nam Dok Mai mangoes. The activated carbon was prepared through a two steps process: biochar preparation followed by activation using KMnO<inf>4</inf>. The morphology of activated carbon was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimal carbonization temperature was determined, and the activated carbon was applied to mango storage. The mango ripening was assessed by measuring weight loss, total color difference (ΔE), firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and TSS/TA ratio as a ripening level indicator. The optimal carbonization temperature was found to be 500 °C, yielding 25.47 % activated carbon with iodine number of 361.77 mg I<inf>2</inf>/g AC. The activated surface carbon contained hydroxyl and manganyl groups, with a BET-surface area of 0.649 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Mangoes stored with 10 g of synthesized activated carbon exhibited the best delay in ripening, extending the ripening process by five days compared to the control. On the 8th day of storage, mangoes became early ripe with firmness and TSS/TA values for 10 g of synthesized activated carbon were 0.467 N/mm and 22.35, respectively (p < 0.05). The TSS/TA ratio indicated that this treatment effectively maintained mango quality for up to 14 days of storage. Activated carbon derived from Mahachanok mango seed shows promising results in delaying mango ripening, especially when used at 10 g dosage. This approach utilized food processing waste to create a valuable product for post-harvest handling, potentially improving the freshness of exported fruit.