Kiatkittipong, Kunlanan

Preferred name

Alternative Name

Kiatkittipong, K.

Main Affiliation

School of Engineering

kunlanan.kia@kmitl.ac.th

Now showing 1 - 10 of 27

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Fungal Fermented Palm Kernel Expeller as Feed for Black Soldier Fly Larvae in Producing Protein and Biodiesel
(2022-04-01)
Liew, Chin Seng
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Wong, Chung Yiin
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Abdelfattah, Eman A.
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Raksasat, Ratchaprapa
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Rawindran, Hemamalini
Being the second-largest country in the production of palm oil, Malaysia has a massive amount of palm kernel expeller (PKE) leftover. For that purpose, black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are thus employed in this study to valorize the PKE waste. More specifically, this work elucidated the effects of the pre-fermentation of PKE via different amounts of Rhizopus oligosporus to enhance PKE palatability for the feeding of BSFL. The results showed that fermentation successfully enriched the raw PKE and thus contributed to the better growth of BSFL. BSFL grew to be 34% heavier at the optimum inoculum volume of 0.5 mL/10 g dry weight of PKE as compared to the control. Meanwhile, excessive fungal inoculum induced competition between BSFL and R. oligosporus, resulting in a reduction in BSFL weight. Under optimum feeding conditions, BSFL also registered the highest lipid yield (24.7%) and protein yield (44.5%). The biodiesel derived from BSFL lipid had also shown good compliance with the European biodiesel standard EN 14214. The high saturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) content (C12:0, C14:0, C16:0) in derived biodiesel made it highly oxidatively stable. Lastly, the superior degradation rate of PKE executed by BSFL further underpinned the sustainable conversion process in attaining valuable larval bioproducts.
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Catalytic Hydrotreating of Crude Pongamia pinnata Oil to Bio-Hydrogenated Diesel over Sulfided NiMo Catalyst
(2022-02-01)
Plaola, Yuwadee
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Leangsiri, Wanwipa
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Pongsiriyakul, Kanokthip
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Kiatkittipong, Worapon
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Srifa, Atthapon
This work studied the catalytic activity and stability of Ni-MoS2 supported on γ-Al2O3, SiO2, and TiO2 toward deoxygenation of different feedstocks, i.e., crude Pongamia pinnata oil (PPO) and refined palm olein (RPO). PPO was used as a renewable feedstock for bio-hydrogenated diesel production via catalytic hydrotreating under a temperature of 330 °C, H2 pressure of 50 bar, WHSV of 1.5 h−1, and H2/oil (v/v) of 1000 cm3/cm3 under continuous operation. The oil yield from a Soxhlet extraction of PPO was up to 26 wt.% on a dry basis, mainly consisting of C18 fatty acids. The catalytic activity in terms of conversion and diesel yield was in the same trend as increasing in the order of NiMo/γ-Al2O3 > NiMo/TiO2 > NiMo/SiO2. The hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) activity was more favorable over the sulfided NiMo supported on γ-Al2O3 and TiO2, while a high DCO was observed over the sulfided NiMo/SiO2 catalyst, which related to the properties of the support material and the intensity of metal–support interaction. The deactivation of NiMo/SiO2 and NiMo/TiO2 occurred in a short period, due to the phosphorus and alkali impurities in PPO which were not found in the case of RPO. NiMo/γ-Al2O3 exhibited the high resistance of impure feedstock with excellent stabil-ity. This indicates that the catalytic performance is influenced by the purity of the feedstock as well as the characteristics of the catalysts.
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Feasibility study of a combined system of electricity generation and cooling from liquefied natural gas to reduce the electricity cost of data centres
(2022-09-01)
Sermsuk, Maytungkorn
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Sukjai, Yanin
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Wiboonrat, Montri
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Kiatkittipong, Kunlanan
Global data centre power demands would expand from 286 TWh in 2016 to around 321 TWh in 2030. The cooling system represents electricity consumption of approximately 40–50% of the total energy used. The global LNG trade has reached 356.1 MTPA. Cold energy equal to 89025 GW is released into the ocean. Therefore, this study focused on the technical and economic feasibility of an LNG receiving terminal combined with a data centre using a direct expansion cycle (DEC), a Rankine cycle (RC) and a combination of Rankine cycle and direct expansion cycle (RC + DEC) under different natural gas distribution pressures to produce a supply of cooling water and electricity to reduce electricity consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. According to the study, the RC + DEC produces the maximum cold water at 7 °C, with the total cold energy of 44.23 MW which is sufficient for cooling a data centre with a capacity of 5345 racks, to reduce the electricity for conventional cooling system is 13521 kWh and generated electricity form turbine is 9968 kWh. This research has the potential to reduce the operating costs of data centres by more than USD 23.87 million per annum as well as CO<inf>2</inf> emissions by 83859 t per annum with exergy efficiency of 78.94%. In an economic study, indicated a payback period of 1.60 years with an IRR of 62%.
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Black soldier fly larval valorization benefitting from ex-situ fungal fermentation in reducing coconut endosperm waste
(2021-02-01)
Wong, Chung Yiin
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Kiatkittipong, Kunlanan
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Kiatkittipong, Worapon
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Ntwampe, Seteno K.O.
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Lam, Man Kee
Oftentimes, the employment of entomoremediation to reduce organic wastes encounters ubiquitous shortcomings, i.e., ineffectiveness to valorize recalcitrant organics in wastes. Considering the cost-favorability, a fermentation process can be employed to facilitate the degradation of biopoly-mers into smaller organics, easing the subsequent entomoremediation process. However, the efficacy of in situ fermentation was found impeded by the black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) in the current study to reduce coconut endosperm waste (CEW). Indeed, by changing into ex situ fermentation, in which the fungal Rhizopus oligosporus was permitted to execute fermentation on CEW prior to the larval feeding, the reduction of CEW was significantly enhanced. In this regard, the waste reduction index of CEW by BSFL was almost doubled as opposed to in situ fermentation, even with the inoculation of merely 0.5 wt % of Rhizopus oligosporus. Moreover, with only 0.02 wt % of fungal inoculation size to execute the ex situ fermentation on CEW, it could spur BSFL growth by about 50%. Finally, from the statistical correlation study using principal component analysis, the presence of Rhizopus oligosporus in a range of 0.5–1.0 wt % was regarded as optimum to ferment CEW via ex situ mode, prior to the valorization by BSFL in reducing the CEW.
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Feasibility of integrating small-scale liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal with combined cycle power plant to reduce carbon emissions and costs for data centers
(2025-06-01)
Sermsuk, Maytungkorn
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Sukjai, Yanin
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Rajoo, Srithar
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Kiatkittipong, Kunlanan
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Wiboonrat, Montri
Global data centers are projected to consume 2–3% of global electricity and contribute 8% of carbon emissions by 2030, driven by the rising demand for 5G. In Southeast Asia's tropical climate, cooling data centers presents a challenge, as power plant efficiency drops by 10–20% during summer, when ambient temperatures reach 35–40°C. This study introduces a novel system that integrates a small-scale liquefied natural gas (LNG) receiving terminal with a combined cycle power plant (CCPP) and a data center, designed specifically for tropical climates. The system harnesses LNG cold energy through three configurations: intermediate fluid vaporizer (IFV), Rankine cycle (RC), and direct expansion cycle (DEC), to optimize electricity generation and chilled water production. By reducing the gas turbine inlet temperature from 35°C to 22°C, the system boosts power output by 12.22% and thermal efficiency by 3.84%. Nighttime cooling supports a 3,048-rack data center, resulting in annual savings of $5.50 million and a reduction of 20,304 tons of CO₂ emissions. Switching to gas power plants during summer further increases savings to $7.75 million and cuts emissions by 29,104 tons. An economic analysis shows a payback period of 2.30 years and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 69%. This integrated approach offers an efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable solution for power generation and data center operation in hot climates.
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Optimization of Salt-Leaching Parameters for Gelatin/Na2Ti3O7 Scaffolds Using a Mixture Design Experiment
(2022-02-01)
Sangkatip, Rittichai
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Sriseubsai, Wipoo
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Kiatkittipong, Kunlanan
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Jongwuttanaruk, Kaona
The purpose of this research was to learn the formation of biomedical scaffold material from gelatin by using titanate (Na<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>3</inf>O<inf>7</inf>), which is a newly synthesized derivative of titanium dioxide (TiO<inf>2</inf> ) with gelatin. It was prepared by mixed several solutions and cross-linked molecules by heating and salt-leaching. The biomedical scaffold was formed, and its porosity depended on the size of the salt crystal. The mixture was designed by using a mixture design with three factors: gelatin, titanate, and deionized water to determine the optimal mixture for the tensile strength of the biomedical scaffold. The microstructure of the biomedical scaffold was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings revealed that Na<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>3</inf>O<inf>7</inf> thoroughly pen-extracted the biomedical scaffold, and the tensile strength of the gelatin/titanate scaffold was higher than the biomedical scaffold, which was formed using pure gelatin. By using the mixture design technique, the 14.73% gelatin, 0.2% Na<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>3</inf>O<inf>7</inf>, and 85.07% DI water got the highest yield of tensile strength (1508.15 kP). This was an about 4.88% increase in the tensile strength property when compared with using TiO<inf>2</inf> .
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Green pathway in utilizing CO2 via cycloaddition reaction with epoxide-A mini review
(2020-05-01)
Kiatkittipong, Kunlanan
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Shukri, Muhammad Amirul Amin Mohamad
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Kiatkittipong, Worapon
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Lim, Jun Wei
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Show, Pau Loke
Carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) has been anticipated as an ideal carbon building block for organic synthesis due to the noble properties of CO<inf>2</inf>, which are abundant renewable carbon feedstock, non-toxic nature, and contributing to a more sustainable use of resources. Several green and proficient routes have been established for chemical CO<inf>2</inf> fixation. Among the prominent routes, this review epitomizes the reactions involving cycloaddition of epoxides with CO<inf>2</inf> in producing cyclic carbonate. Cyclic carbonate has been widely used as a polar aprotic solvent, as an electrolyte in Li-ion batteries, and as precursors for various forms of chemical synthesis such as polycarbonates and polyurethanes. This review provides an overview in terms of the reaction mechanistic pathway and recent advances in the development of several classes of catalysts, including homogeneous organocatalysts (e.g., organic salt, ionic liquid, deep eutectic solvents), organometallic (e.g., mono-, bi-, and tri-metal salen complexes and non-salen complexes) and heterogeneous supported catalysts, and metal organic framework (MOF). Selection of effective catalysts for various epoxide substrates is very important in determining the cycloaddition operating condition. Under their catalytic systems, all classes of these catalysts, with regard to recent developments, can exhibit CO<inf>2</inf> cycloaddition of terminal epoxide substrates at ambient temperatures and low CO<inf>2</inf> pressure. Although highly desired conversion can be achieved for internal epoxide substrates, higher temperature and pressure are normally required. This includes fatty acid-derived terminal epoxides for oleochemical carbonate production. The production of fully renewable resources by employment of bio-based epoxy with biorefinery concept and potential enhancement of cycloaddition reactions are pointed out as well.
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Mechanism of CaO catalyst deactivation with unconventional monitoring method for glycerol carbonate production via transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate
(2022-02-01)
Praikaew, Wanichaya
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Kiatkittipong, Worapon
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Aiouache, Farid
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Najdanovic-Visak, Vesna
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Termtanun, Mutsee
Glycerol carbonate (GC) was synthesized by transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) using calcium oxide (CaO) derived from eggshell as a catalyst. The best results of 96% glycerol conversion and 94% GC yield were achieved under the following reaction conditions: 0.08 mole ratio of CaO to glycerol, 1:2.5 mole ratio of glycerol to DMC, 60°C reaction temperature, and 3 hours reaction time. As expected, CaO showed deteriorated catalytic performance when recycling as observed by a rapid decrease in GC yield. This research showed that the active CaO phase first was converted to calcium methoxide (Ca[OCH<inf>3</inf>]<inf>2</inf>) and calcium diglyceroxide (Ca[C<inf>3</inf>H<inf>7</inf>O<inf>3</inf>]<inf>2</inf>) and finally to carbonate phase (CaCO<inf>3</inf>) which can be confirmed by XRD patterns. According to the phase transformation, the basicity decreased from 0.482 mmol/g to 0.023 mmol/g, and basic strength altered from strong basic strength (15.0 < H_ < 18.4) to weak basic strength (7.2 < H_ < 9.8), resulting in the lower catalytic activity of the consecutive runs. Despite the fact that the GC selectivity was almost 100%, the reaction products (methanol and GC) were not obtained in their stoichiometric ratio and their extents corresponded with that of the catalyst phase transformation to CaCO<inf>3</inf>. The mechanism of CaO catalyzed transesterification based on the condensation reaction of glycerol and catalyst was proposed, and in situ formation of water-derivative species was hypothesized as a cause of CaO transformation. CaO could react with DMC and water, generating methanol and CaCO<inf>3</inf>. This enabled unconventional monitoring of catalyst deactivation by checking if the mole ratio of methanol to GC was higher than 2:1 of its reaction stoichiometric ratio. It was also demonstrated that calcination of post-run catalyst at 900°C to CaO exhibited almost constant catalytic activity, and the mole ratio of methanol to GC was constant at its reaction stoichiometry (2:1) for at least 4 times use.
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Effective Cu/Re promoted Ni-supported γ-Al2O3 catalyst for upgrading algae bio-crude oil produced by hydrothermal liquefaction
(2021-06-01)
Pongsiriyakul, Kanokthip
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Kiatkittipong, Worapon
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Adhikari, Sushil
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Lim, Jun Wei
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Lam, Su Shiung
Catalytic hydrotreating of algae bio-crude oil from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Nannochloropsis sp. was performed. Different Ni-based catalysts, including Ni/γ-Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>, Ni-Cu/γ-Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3,</inf> Ni-Re/γ-Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3,</inf> and Ni-Cu-Re/γ-Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3,</inf> (10%Ni, 5%Cu, 2.5%Re) were used in upgrading of the bio-crude oil. Most catalytic systems could effectively eliminate S and decrease the N and O contents, and enhance more than 20% improvement in the higher heating value (HHV) of the bio-oil (34 to 41–45 MJ/kg). Introducing only Cu could enhance the C[dbnd]O hydrogenation resulting in higher aromatic and alcohol compounds. While the addition of Re is effective for hydrodeoxygenation, it lowers denitrogenation due to amination reaction. Ni-Cu-Re/γ-Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> ternary alloy offered the best results on the overall performance, achieving the highest upgraded bio-oil yield of 58 wt% and the highest energy recovery in the upgrading process (ER<inf>upgrade</inf>) of 64.6%. As ER in HTL process (ER<inf>HTL</inf>) was ca. 71.8%, the overall ER (ER<inf>overall</inf>) from algae biomass to upgraded bio-oil of 46.4% can be achieved for Ni-Cu-Re/γ-Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> catalyst. Carbon efficiency approx. 47.7% can be attained as the carbon in the algae biomass feedstock was retained in the upgraded bio-oil. In addition, reaction pathways for the formation of different hydrotreated products catalyzed by mono-, bi-, and tri- metallic Ni-Cu-Re have been proposed.
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Process and energy intensification of glycerol carbonate production from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate in the presence of eggshell-derived cao heterogeneous catalyst
(2021-07-02)
Praikaew, Wanichaya
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Kiatkittipong, Worapon
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Aiouache, Farid
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Najdanovic-Visak, Vesna
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Ngaosuwan, Kanokwan
The process and energy intensifications for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate (GC) from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) using an eggshell-derived CaO heterogeneous catalyst were investigated. The transesterification reaction between glycerol and DMC was typically limited by mass transfer because of the immiscible nature of the reactants. By varying the stirring speed, it was observed that the mass transfer limitation could be neglected at 800 rpm. The presence of the CaO solid catalyst made the mass transport-limited reaction process more prominent. Mass transfer intensification using a simple kitchen countertop blender as an alternative to overcome the external mass transfer limitation of a typical magnetic stirrer was demonstrated. A lower amount of the catalyst and a shorter reaction time were required to achieve 93% glycerol conversion or 91% GC yield, and the turnover frequency (TOF) increased almost 5 times from 1.5 to 7.2 min−1 when using a conventional magnetic stirrer and countertop blender, respectively. In addition, using a simple kitchen countertop blender with 7200 rpm, the reaction temperature of 60◦C could be reached within approximately 3 min without the need of a heating unit. This was the result of the self-frictional heat generated by the high-shear blender. This was considered to be heat transfer intensification, as heat was generated locally (in situ), offering a higher homogeneity distribution. Meanwhile, the trend toward energy intensification was promising as the yield efficiency increased from 0.064 to 2.391 g/kJ. A comparison among other process intensification techniques, e.g., microwave reactor, ultrasonic reactor, and reactive distillation was also rationalized.

Kiatkittipong, Kunlanan

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