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    Effects of germination time and drying temperature on drying characteristics and quality of germinated paddy
    (2015-04-01) ;
    Prachayawarakorn, Somkiat
    ;
    Tungtrakul, Patcharee
    ;
    Soponronnarit, Somchart
    Germination time and drying temperature are very important parameters affecting the quality of the germinated paddy (GP) since the microstructure of starch granules is modified during germination. The experimental results showed that the germination time increasing from 60 to 68 h provided more loosely-packed starch granules, lower hardness of cooked GP, higher γ-aminobutyric acid content (GABA) and larger number of fissured GP after drying. However, the modified microstructure did not cause a difference between drying curves at each germination time. Prediction results of the moisture content from the two-layer model were in good agreement with the experimental results and also showed that the effective moisture diffusion coefficient values of husk were significantly lower than those of germinated brown rice. Drying at a higher drying temperature could reduce the number of fissured GP more significantly. The hardness of cooked GP samples and their GABA contents obtained from drying temperatures changed insignificantly from that of the shade-dried GP. The sensory analysis results revealed that the texture of GP was better than that of the rice without germination and the longer germination time provided the adverse effect on the fermentation odour and texture.
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    Effects of inner angle of bowl, flow rate and speed on the efficiency of glycerol separation from the raw biodiesel using cylindrical bowl centrifuge
    (2017-01-01) ;
    Netjaibun, Kanokphan
    ;
    Pratabkong, Thaweesak
    ;
    Suwannasam, Puttapong
    ;
    The centrifugal technique has been widely used for separation of fluids with moderately high viscosities because it provides an efficient separation in short residence times. In this work, the cylindrical bowl centrifuge was selected for separation of raw biodiesel and glycerol. In addition, the inner angle of bowl, flow rate and speed were investigated on their effects on the efficiency of separation. The experimental results showed that the inner angle of bowl and the flow rate affected the efficiency of separation significantly. The increase of inner angle of bowl (from 90 to 135 degree) and flow rate (from 50 to 200 ml/min) provided the increase of separation efficiency. In term of speed, the efficiency of separation was increased when increasing the speed from 1,800 rpm to 2,100 rpm. On the other hand, the efficiency of separation was decreased when increasing the speed from 2,100 rpm to 2,400 rpm. The efficiency of cylindrical bowl centrifuge was in the ranges of 29.17-39.83%, 52.83-61.83% and 84.6-91.4% for bowl inner angles of 90, 120 and 135 degree, respectively. The bowl inner angles of 135 degree, flow rate of 200 ml/min and speed of 2,100 rpm were appropriate conditions for glycerol separation from the raw biodiesel using cylindrical bowl centrifuge.
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    Item type:Publication,
    The performance of size grading machine of robusta green coffee bean using oscillating sieve with swing along width direction
    (2019-09-09) ;
    Chanpaka, W.
    ;
    Size grading is one of important processes for producing the Robusta green coffee bean because it can increase the value of green coffee bean and decrease the problem in the manufacturing process, especially roasting process. Therefore, the objective of this work was to investigate the effects of inclined angle and oscillating revolution speed on the performance of size grading machine of Robusta green coffee bean using oscillating sieve with swing along width direction. When increasing the inclined angle from 4 to 6 degree, the weight purity index and the clogging sieve percentage were decreased. For the size grading efficiency, it found that the size grading efficiency was increased when the inclined angle increased from 4 to 5 degree. However, the size grading efficiency was decreased when increasing the inclined angle from 5 to 6 degree. When considering in term of oscillating revolution speed, the increase of oscillating revolution speed provided the decrease of weight purity index, size grading efficiency and clogging sieve percentage. The appropriate condition for using the size grading machine of Robusta green coffee bean using oscillating sieve with swing along width direction is the inclined angle of 5 degree and the oscillating revolution speed of 185 rpm.
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    Testing and evaluation of banana (‘Kluay Lab Mue Nang’) wholesale packaging in Chumphon province, Thailand under transport simulation
    (2019-01-01)
    Ruttanadech, N.
    ;
    Saewanarak, A.
    ;
    ;
    This research evaluated the effects of foam packaging on wholesale packages of banana (‘Kluay Lab Mue Nang’) in Chumphon province, Thailand. The experiment was divided into 3 experimental sets, namely, 1) foam net (FN); 2) expanded polyethylene foam (EPE); and 3) controlled sample without use packaging (NOP) and damages were categorized into three types which were bruising, abrasion and laceration. Vibration tests were performed following the standard method of ASTM D999 Method A2 using the frequency of 4 Hz for one hour. Results revealed that the total damage of EPE (bruising, abrasion, and laceration) was higher than that of FN. When considering the percentage of damage area, it was found that the damage percentages of EPE caused by bruising and abrasion were 7.41 and 3.28%, respectively, and the damage percentages of FN caused by bruising and abrasion were 5.73 and 3.82%, respectively. There was no damage from laceration detected. The results showed that FN had the greatest reduction in damage. The controlled sample (NOP) had a total damage of 20.79%.
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    Quality attributes of parboiled rice prepared with a parboiling process using a rotating sieve system
    The aim of this study is to apply a rotating sieve system to the parboiling process for parboiled rice production. The parboiling time and rotation speed were the main production factors affecting the quality attributes of the parboiled rice, including the degree of starch gelatinization (DG), fissure percentage, head rice yield (HRY), white belly, and color. The results showed that the parboiling process with a rotating sieve can decrease the parboiling time required to provide an even quality of parboiled rice. The parboiling time for an even quality of parboiled rice was 5 min at rotation speeds of 10 and 15 rpm, while the parboiling time at a rotation speed of 5 rpm was 10 min. These times were shorter than that with a fixed sieve (15 min). Moreover, the parboiling process using a rotating sieve system provided better qualities of parboiled rice than that using the fixed sieve system, including higher DG and HRY and lower fissure and whiteness percentages. Additionally, the values of DG and HRY were increased with increasing parboiling time. In contrast, the fissure and whiteness percentages of the parboiled rice decreased. However, the quality of the parboiled rice was not dependent on the rotation speed.
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    The study of quality attributes of parboiled rice during steaming process with revolved sieve
    The steaming process with revolved sieve was studied as a function of steaming time and revolution velocity. The quality of parboiled rice in terms of thermal property, head rice yield and color was investigated and compared to the conventional steaming process such as fixed sieve. The experimental results showed that the steaming process with revolved sieve had advantage over the steaming process with fixed sieve. It led to a steamed sample with higher DG higher head rice yield and lower whiteness value. The required steaming time for a regularity quality by a steaming process with revolved sieve was also shorter. Moreover, the steaming time affected the qualities of parboiled rice. The long steaming time provided the higher DG and head rice yield and lower whiteness value of parboiled rice. Considering revolution velocity, it was found that the revolution velocity did not affect the qualities of parboiled rice. However, the revolution velocity of 5 rpm with steaming time of 5 min provided the difference of quality at each layer.
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    The study of the drying kinetic and the cutting performance in dried betel nut production machine
    Betel nut kernel is an important raw material in the leather and dye industries. The quality control after harvest is necessary, especially, the excess moisture content may cause the spoilage. Therefore, this research aims to study the betel nut fruit drying using infrared ray combined with the rotated trays. The betel nuts fruits were placed in rotated trays. These trays were installed within drying chamber which had the infrared rod in 2 positions namely the center and wall of drying chamber. The drying temperature used at 80, 100 and 120°C. The revolution speed of tray was set at 2, 4 and 6 rpm. The dried betel nut fruits were cut into 2 pieces at the blade speed of 25, 30 and 35 rpm. The experimental results showed the installation of infrared rods at the center could decrease the moisture content faster than at the wall. The betel nut fruit should use the drying temperature of 120°C for 10 h and the revolution speed of 2 rpm. The blade speed of 30 rpm gave the most cutting performance about 76%. The colour of dried betel nut kernel (L<sup>∗</sup>, a<sup>∗</sup> and b<sup>∗</sup>) did not significantly difference with the commercial betel nut.