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    Effect of rGO nanosheet loading in SiO2/rGO hybrid nanocomposites for enhancing optoelectrical, physical, and electrochemical properties
    (2025-05-01)
    Khammahong, Sunisar
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    ; ;
    In this study, silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO<inf>2</inf>NPs) mixed with reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (rGONS) and hybrid nanocomposites (S/rGOHNCs) were synthesized to study the opto-electrical, physical and electrochemical properties. S/rGOx%HNCs samples with rGONS at various loadings (10, 30, 50, and 70 wt%) were prepared SiO<inf>2</inf>NPs and rGONS suspensions in ultrasonication process by conventional heating. The SiO<inf>2</inf>NPs, rGONS and S/rGOx%HNCs were characterized and properties confirmed by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR spectra, UV–Vis, SEM, EDX and TGA techniques. The electrical conductivity carrier concentration, energy gap, and dielectric constant increased with rGONS loading. The S/rGO30HNCs exhibited the highest thermal conductivity, 0.7 W/m·K, and Vickers microhardness, 41.0 HV. The value of electrochemical capacity of S/rGO70HNCs, 66.95 F/g, was due to the appropriate ratio of rGONS and SiO<inf>2</inf>NPs which significantly contributed to increasing redox reaction. The findings offered SiO<inf>2</inf>NPs mixed rGONS hybrid nanocomposites with enhanced optoelectrical (electrical, optical, dielectric), physical (mechanical, thermal) and electrochemical properties.
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    Ferromagnetism of manganese-aluminium alloyed with 0–3% carbon from direct induction melting and subsequent annealing
    (2020-01-01)
    Charoensuk, Thanida
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    Saetang, Panissa
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    ; ;
    Pinitsoontorn, Supree
    The transformation from ε to τ phase is investigated in manganese-aluminium (Mn<inf>55</inf>Al<inf>45</inf>) alloyed by the induction melting. By annealing Mn<inf>55</inf>Al<inf>45</inf> at 450–550°C for 2 h, the ferromagnetic τ-MnAl is enhanced at the expense of ε phase. The largest coercivity of 1139 Oe and remanent magnetization of 3.71 emu/g are obtained after annealing at 550°C. The additions of 1 and 2% carbon affect the phase and magnetic properties of Mn<inf>55</inf>Al<inf>45</inf> but the 2 h annealing at 550°C still leads to the largest coercivity. Interestingly, substantial coercivity and magnetizations are directly obtained in (Mn<inf>55</inf>Al<inf>45</inf>)<inf>98</inf>C<inf>2</inf> and (Mn<inf>55</inf>Al<inf>45</inf>)<inf>97</inf>C<inf>3</inf> by the induction melting without further heat treatments.
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    Synthesis and electrochemical properties of activated lignite carbons-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites symmetric supercapacitors
    (2024-08-15)
    Tuichai, Wattana
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    Karaphun, Attaphol
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    Chanlek, Narong
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    Swatsitang, Ekaphan
    Ultra-fast chargeable or rechargeable symmetric carbon-based supercapacitors (SCSs) with high capacity, inexpensive, and non-flammability have attracted much attention for electronics and energy storage devices. However, improving both high redox reaction and ion transport/diffusion processes by enhancing high energy storage performance and rapid ion/electron transport SCSs electrode materials remains challenging. Herein, we presented a successful preparation of activated lignite carbons-reduced graphene oxide (ALC-rGO) nanocomposite (NCp) with the ALC:rGO ratio of 80:20 wt% by a one-pot hydrothermal for high electrochemical performance. Importantly, the matrix of ALC-rGO NCp was primary amorphous carbon with hexagonal graphitic layers and pore structures of plentiful micropores and mesopores. Remarkably, the ALC-rGO NCp electrode exhibited a maximum specific capacitance (C<inf>sc</inf>) of 152.12 F/g at 0.5 A/g. Interestingly, the SCSs-ACL-rGO device could illustrate a good performance at a potential voltage of 1.8 V with C<inf>sc</inf> of 50.90 F/g at 1 A/g and capacity retention of 96.0 % at 5 A/g after 2,000 cycles GCD test.
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    Mechanical, dielectric, thermal and antibacterial properties of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-nanosized C3AH6 cement nanocomposites for smart cement-based materials
    This work aimed to fabricate nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-nanosized C3AH6 cement via a rapid cement hydration for enhancing its micro-hardness, dielectric constant, thermal conductivity, electrochemical and antibacterial properties.rGO-nanosized C3AH6 nanocomposites (∼10–20 nm in diameter) with 1, 2, 3, and 4% weight of rGO, were successfully synthesized from a Ca12Al14O33 and rGO colloid that was rapidly heated with water to a temperature of 100 °C. Nanocomposites of x%rGO-C3AH6 (x = 1, 2, 3, and 4) were characterized using XRD, UV–vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and TGA techniques. The chemical composition was confirmed using SEM and EDX characterization. The results revealed a nanocomposited rGO-C3AH6 material with nanosheet and nanoflaked rGO, as well as nanosized C3AH6 particles. The results presented rGO-C3AH6 with high performance multifunctional properties that included enhanced mechanical, dielectric, and thermal properties. The vickers micro-hardness and dielectric constant were enhanced by the effect of rGO-C3AH6 nanocomposites. The thermal conductivity of rGO-C3AH6 was higher than that of C3AH6. The electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties were effectively increased with greater levels of rGO in the material. Its antibacterial activity was confirmed by the formation of clearing zones on a Petri plate seeded with Escherichia coli (E. coli). The diameter of these zones increased with the rGO content. These results confirmed that nanocomposited rGO-C3AH6 was effective in enhancing mechanical, dielectric and thermal properties while serving as a high performance multifunctional cement-based material.
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    Microwave-activated reduced graphene oxide composite with hydrothermally treated corn husk activated carbon as an active electrode for high electrochemical performance in symmetrical carbon-based supercapacitor devices
    (2026-07-01)
    Srakaew, Khattiya
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    Ratchayotee, Pornthip
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    Janorat, Phattharawadee
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    This work applies microwaves for synthesizing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and waste material corn husk activated carbon composites as active electrode materials for symmetric supercapacitors. The rGO is activated by microwave treatment and corn husk carbon by KOH in processed hydrothermal activation, followed by compositing at various weight ratios. Among all compositions, rGO:H_Corn_C (90:10) is reported with the best properties, with a specific surface area of 314.2 m2/g and a high specific capacitance of 1152 F/g at 0.1 A/g. The optimized composite also delivered increasing energy and power densities of up to 160 Wh/kg and 9.68 × 102 W/kg, respectively, within a 1 V operating window. In an experiment by assembling a symmetric coil cell supercapacitor, the device showed a specific capacitance of 142.23 F/g at 0.1 A/g, cycling stability with 98.8% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles of charge-discharge, and peak energy and power densities of 40.68 Wh/kg and 5.74 × 102 W/kg. Overall, the composite material with a high content of rGO and corn husk-derived activated carbon prepared by the hydrothermal method exhibits high-performance for the material in supercapacitor applications.
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    Optical and dielectric properties of nano-sized tricalcium aluminate hexahydrate (C3AH6) cement
    (2018-08-10) ; ;
    Maensiri, Santi
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    Chindaprasirt, Prinya
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    The present study investigates the optical and dielectric properties of nano-sized C3AH6 cement hydrates. A cement product was fabricated via a simple hydration process using a derivative of a C12A7 cement precursor reacting with de-ionized water while raising the reaction temperature to 100 °C. A crystalline phase of the C3AH6 cement product was characterized and confirmed using an XRD technique. Its morphology was also evaluated using TEM and SEM techniques. It was found that nano-sized C3AH6 (in size 10–50 nm) was successfully derived via this process. This cement product was thermodynamically stable over the range of room temperature to 300 °C. The optical direct gap was 4.1 eV and the indirect energy gap was 2.45 eV. Over the range of 20 Hz to 2 MHz, the observed capacitance was 10<sup>−10</sup> F–10<sup>−11</sup> F and the dielectric constant varied from 20 to 150. The dielectric properties were enhanced over those of general cement compounds. This effect was due to its complex structure in which –O–H bonding appeared in the structure and the formation of nano-sized structures from this process. These results suggested that the nano-C3AH6 hydrated particles were transparent to visible light and exhibited a high frequency electrical response. This implies an important role for these cement-based materials as potential candidates having optical and dielectric properties appropriate for applications such as smart building materials in the form of transparent electrode windows, smart wall capacitors, triboelectric devices and supercapacitors.
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    Fabrication and thermoelectric conversion of thermoelectric concrete brick with buried unileg N-type CaMnO3 thermoelectric module inside
    (2023-12-01)
    Maneesai, Keerati
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    Khammahong, Sunisar
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    Siripoom, Pongsakorn
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    To investigate the effect of heat loss reduction due to thermal insulator and thermal interface resistance due to multi-layer structure in order to improve the efficiency of a thermoelectric device, a thermoelectric concrete brick was fabricated using a unileg n-type CaMnO<inf>3</inf> thermoelectric module inside. CaMnO<inf>3</inf> thermoelectric materials were synthesized by starting materials CaCO<inf>3</inf> and MnO<inf>2</inf> to produce a unileg n-type CaMnO<inf>3</inf> module. Thermoelectric concrete brick consisted of two types: I-layer brick (one layer of concrete thermal insulator) and III-layer brick (three layers of different concrete insulators). The occurring temperature difference, electric current and voltage on the CaMnO<inf>3</inf> module and thermoelectric concrete brick were measured in closed and open circuits. The temperature difference, thermal distribution, and output voltage when applying constant temperatures of 100, 200 and 400 °C were measured. Computer simulations of the Finite Element Method (FEM) were performed to compare with the experimental results. The trends of the temperature difference and the output voltage from the experimental and computer simulations were in good agreement. The results of the temperature difference during the hotter side temperature of 200 °C exhibited the temperature difference along the vertical direction of the thermoelectric concrete bricks for both types of the III-layer brick of 172 °C and the I-layer brick of 132 °C are larger than that of the CaMnO<inf>3</inf> TEG module without using a thermal concrete insulator of 108 °C. The thermoelectric concrete bricks of the III-layer brick type of 27.70 mV displayed output voltage results being higher than those of the I-layer brick of 26.57 mV and the CaMnO<inf>3</inf> TEG module without using a thermal concrete insulator of 24.35 mV. Thermoelectric concrete brick of the III-layer brick type displayed higher electric generation power than the I-layer brick and the CaMnO<inf>3</inf> TEG module. Additionally, the results exhibited the capability of thermoelectric concrete brick in the III-layer brick model for electric generation power based on the temperature difference. The TEG concrete brick of I-layer concrete covering the series–parallel combination circuit of 120 modules of the unileg n-type CaMnO<inf>3</inf> was constructed and then embedded on the outer surface of the furnace. During the maximum hotter side temperature of 580 °C of the concrete brick, the temperature difference between the hotter side and the cooler side of the brick occurred at 365 °C and the maximum output voltage was obtained at 581.7 mV.
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    Effect of free oxygen radical anions and free electrons in a Ca12Al14O33 cement structure on its optical, electronic and antibacterial properties
    (2019-05-01) ; ;
    Srepusharawoot, Pornjuk
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    Maensiri, Santi
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    Chindaprasirt, Prinya
    The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of free oxygen radicals and free electrons in a Ca<inf>12</inf>Al<inf>14</inf>O<inf>33</inf> (C12A7) cement structure on the optical, electronic and antibacterial activity of this material. Ca<inf>12</inf>Al<inf>14</inf>O<inf>33</inf> was successfully fabricated via rapid heating to high temperatures by high frequency electromagnetic induction. Ca<inf>12</inf>Al<inf>14</inf>O<inf>33</inf> cement samples were characterized using XRD and UV-Vis-DRS spectroscopy. The morphology and chemical composition of the samples were also investigated using SEM and EDS techniques. The presence of free oxygen radicals (O<inf>2</inf> <sup>−</sup>ions) in the insulating structure of Ca<inf>12</inf>Al<inf>14</inf>O<inf>33</inf> was confirmed using Raman spectroscopy showing a spectrum peak at 1067 cm<sup>−1</sup>. The excitation of free electrons in the Ca<inf>12</inf>Al<inf>14</inf>O<inf>33</inf> cement was indicated by UV-Vis absorption spectra at 2.8 eV and an optical energy gap of 3.5 eV, which is consistent with the first-principles calculations for the band energy level. The effects of free oxygen radicals and free electrons in the Ca<inf>12</inf>Al<inf>14</inf>O<inf>33</inf> structure as antibacterial agents against Escherichia Coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus Aureus (S. aureus) were investigated using an agar disk-diffusion method. The presence of O<inf>2</inf> <sup>−</sup> anions as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the surface of Ca<inf>12</inf>Al<inf>14</inf>O<inf>33</inf> caused inhibition of E. coli and S. aureus cells. The free electrons in the conducting C12A7 reacted with O<inf>2</inf> gas to produce ROS, specifically super oxides (O<inf>2</inf> <sup>−</sup>), superoxide radicals (O<inf>2</inf> <sup>•-</sup>), hydroxyl radicals (OH<sup>•</sup>) and hydrogen peroxide (H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>), which exhibited antibacterial properties. Both mechanisms were active against bacteria without effects from nano-particle sized materials and photocatalytic activity. The experimental results showed that the production of ROS from free electrons was greater than that of the free O<inf>2</inf> <sup>−</sup> anions in the structure of Ca<inf>12</inf>Al<inf>14</inf>O<inf>33</inf>. The antibacterial actions for insulating and conducting Ca<inf>12</inf>Al<inf>14</inf>O<inf>33</inf> were different for E. coli and S. aureus. Thus, Ca<inf>12</inf>Al<inf>14</inf>O<inf>33</inf> cement has antibacterial properties that do not require the presence of nano-particle sizes materials or photocatalysis.
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    The Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Cement CAST Mortar/Graphene Oxide Composites Materials
    (2022-12-01)
    Janjaroen, Thidatip
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    Khammahong, Sunisar
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    Tuichai, Wattana
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    Karaphun, Attaphol
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    This paper presents the influence of the graphene oxide (GO) sheet contents at conditions of 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.1 wt% on the mechanical and thermal properties of GO/CAST 11 LW mortar (GMT) composites for heat insulating brick. The GMT composites were prepared by a simple mixing method. The structure of GMT composites was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy (Raman) techniques. The small grain sizes of GMT composites were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical properties of GMT composites are increased with increasing GO contents. A lot of functional groups in GO such as carboxylic acid reacted with a calcium silicate hydrate, CaH<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf>Si (CSH), calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)<inf>2</inf> (CH) and Ettringite, and Ca<inf>6</inf>[Al(OH)<inf>6</inf>]<inf>2</inf>(SO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>3</inf>·26H<inf>2</inf>O (CA) phases in the mortar, which can be considered good mechanical properties in the GMT composites. The heat insulation values of GMT composites were improved by the interaction with the CSH, CH, and CA phases in the cement mortar on the surface of GO. The highest compressive and tensile strengths and low heat transfer rate of about 0.465 W/min were observed at 0.05 of GO (GMT_0.05) composites in the curing age of 7 days. Thus, a new pathway of GMT composites can be prepared by a simple mixing method to significantly improve the mechanical and thermal properties of mortar GMT composites.
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    Influence of free electron charge and free extra framework anions in calcium aluminate@ rGO (CA@ rGO) cement composites with enhanced dielectric and electrochemical properties
    (2021-10-01) ; ;
    Tuichai, Wattana
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    Karaphun, Attaphol
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    Daengsakul, Sujittra
    Nowadays, the metal oxide-based composites loaded with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nano sheets are believed to enhance both the electrochemical and dielectric properties. In this study, therefore, the effect of rGO loading contents on the calcium aluminate (CA), namely CA@ rGO, cement composites with high dielectric and electrochemical properties is presented. CA@ rGO composites were successfully synthesized via a simple direct mixing of CA cement with various contents of graphene oxide (GO) precursors followed by a conventional thermal reduction method. Based on XRD and Raman spectroscopy results, all prepared CA@ rGO composites clearly confirmed both the structure of the pristine CA cement as well as the complete conversion of GO precursors to rGO after thermal reduction, and the existence of rGO nano sheets on the surface of CA@ rGO composites. The impedance value results revealed that the enhancement of a high dielectric constant was achieved in the CA@ rGO composites due to both typical interface polarization and the micro-capacitor of CA cement and rGO nano sheets. Meanwhile, the prepared CA@ rGO-4 composite electrode exhibited the highest of electrochemical double-layer capacitive behavior with the specific capacitance (C<inf>sc</inf>) value of 79.33 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.2 A g<sup>−1</sup>. The enhanced super-capacitive performance of CA@ rGO composite can be improved by the synergistic effect of free electron transfer and electron diffusion between the CA cement interface and rGO nano sheets.