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    Comparison Between Wet and Dry Transfer FE2O3-CNT Hybrid Thin Films as Room-Temperature Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Sensors
    (2023-12-01) ;
    Chaitongrat, Buaworn
    ;
    Yahud, Shuhaida
    ;
    Salleh, Ahmad Faizal
    FE<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-CNT hybrid thin films are promising candidates for room-temperature gas sensors with high sensitivity, rapid response, and recovery times. In this work, we reported the suitable fabrication strategies of FE<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-CNT hybrid thin films as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sensors by comparing the dry (without using aqueous solutions) and wet processes. Fe-CNT hybrid thin films were used as the primary material for synthesizing FE<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-CNT hybrid thin films, which were then annealed in air at 350oC to create α-FE<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>. Characterizations by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) confirmed the decoration of α-FE<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> nanoparticles on CNT surfaces. The transfer process had effects on the surface morphology and sensor characteristics. FE-SEM presents that the surface morphology of the wet-transfer FE<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-CNT films was web-like structures with a highly porous morphology. Whereas the surface morphology of the dry-transferred FE<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-CNT films was a branch-like structure. The I-V relationship of both annealed wet-and dry-films was non-linear indicating the present of n-type α-FE<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>. Under 5 vol.% of LPG, the wet-transferred FE<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-CNT films have higher sensitivity (S = ~ 3% Tresp.= 10 s, trec.= 59s) compared to the dry-transferred FE<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-CNT films (S = ~ 1.4%, Tresp.=90s, trec.= incomplete recovery). Moreover, the wet-transferred FE<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-CNTs could detect LPG concentration at a lower value than 25% of LEL (Lower Explosive Limit) with rapid response and recovery time of 23 s and 49 s, respectively.
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    Novel preparation and characterization of fe2 o3 /cnt thin films for flammable gas sensors
    (2019-01-01)
    Chaitongrat, Buaworn
    ;
    In this work, novel preparation for Fe<inf>2</inf> O<inf>3</inf> /CNT thin films was investigated. The Fe/CNT thin films were synthesized through vertical floating-catalyst chemical vapor deposition technique (FC-CVD) and subsequently annealed in air. The various annealing temperature to create Fe<inf>2</inf> O<inf>3</inf> was examined and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Raman spectroscopy. In addition, effect of wet/dry process on gas sensing of Fe<inf>2</inf> O<inf>3</inf> /CNTs was also investigated. The results suggest that the interfacial oxide layer helps to significantly improve LPG sensing performance with rapid response and recovery times. The proposed method can be considered as a promising approach for producing ultra-Fe<inf>2</inf> O<inf>3</inf> /CNT thin films that are appropriate for sensing application.
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    Fabrication of SWNTs/α-Fe2O3 as room-temperature LPG sensor
    (2015-12-31)
    Chaitongrat, Buaworn
    ;
    A simple fabrication of liquid petroleum gas sensor based on SWNTs/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite films is reported. SWNTs/α-Fe2O3 films were successfully synthesized through the vertical floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition method using ferrocene-ethanol mist, followed by annealing in air at 350 oC to create α-Fe2O3. To fabricate a sensor, carbon conductive electrodes were directly deposited on top of the SWNTs/α-Fe2O3 films. SWNTs/α-Fe2O3 growth conditions (deposition time and ferrocene/ethanol ratio) were optimized to improve sensor response. The sensor had the capability to detect LPG at a concentration as low as 0.2% LEL (lower explosive limit), indicating possible applications in LPG monitoring at room temperature.
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    Hybrid Fe2O3/CNT thin films for gas sensor applications
    (2018-08-13)
    Chaitongrat, Buaworn
    ;
    Thin films of Fe nanoparticles (NPs)/CNT networks were synthesized through vertical floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition technique (FC-CVD) and collected directly onto a cellulose membrane filter. Fe NPs/CNT films were transferred onto glass (or Si) substrates simply by dissolving filters, and then annealed in air at a low temperature for 8 hrs to create Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> NPs. The effect of annealing temperature ranging from 150 to 550°C on the morphology and structures of the Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>/CNTs films was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>/CNTs film-based sensors were tested against LPG gas under room temperature. LPG sensing-performance (sensor response and response/recovery time) of the Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>/CNTs films-based sensor varied depending on the annealing temperature. The results of this study reinforce the potential of hybrid Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>/CNTs films as a sensing material for LPG detection at low operating temperature.