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    A "dual-acceptor channel" membraneless gas-diffusion unit for simultaneous determination of ethanol and acetaldehyde in liquors using reverse flow injection
    (2018-01-01) ;
    Poontong, Bangerdsuk
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    ; ;
    Motomizu, Shoji
    A new design of membraneless gas-diffusion unit with dual acceptor channels for separation, collection and simultaneous determination of two volatile analytes in liquid sample is presented. The unit is comprised of three parallel channels in a closed module. A sample is aspirated into the central channel and two kinds of reagents are introduced into the other two channels. Two analytes are isolated from the sample matrix by diffusion into head-space and absorbed into the specific reagents. Non-absorbed vapor is released by opening the programmable controlled lid. The unit was applied to liquors for measurement of ethanol and acetaldehyde using reverse flow injection. Dichromate and nitroprusside were exploited as reagents for colorimetric detection of ethanol and acetaldehyde, respectively. Good linearity ranges (r2 > 0.99) with high precision (RSD < 2%) and high accuracy (recovery: 90 - 105%) were achieved. The results were compared to the results by GC-FID and no significant difference was observed by paired t-test (95% confidence).
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    A low-cost method for determination of calcium carbonate in cement by membraneless vaporization with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection
    (2010-05-15)
    Sereenonchai, Kamonthip
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    ;
    Chan-Eam, Sumonmarn
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    Saetear, Phoonthawee
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    This work presents a flow analysis method for direct quantitation of calcium carbonate in cement without pretreatment of the sample. The method is based on online vaporization of CO<inf>2</inf> gas following acidification of the sample inside a small chamber that has a flow of acceptor solution passing around it. Solubilization of the CO<inf>2</inf> gas into the acceptor stream changes the conductivity of the acceptor solution causing an increase of signal at the capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C<sup>4</sup>D) placed at the outlet of the vaporization chamber. This chamber is an adaption from previous work reported on 'membraneless vaporization' (MBL-VP). The method can be used in the quality control of production of mixed cement. These cement materials usually have calcium carbonate contents at high concentration range (e.g., 33-99% (w/w) CaCO<inf>3</inf>). Analysis of samples by this method is direct and convenient as it requires no sample pretreatment. The method is low-cost with satisfactory accuracy and acceptable precision. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
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    A mobile phone-based analyzer for quantitative determination of urinary albumin using self-calibration approach
    This work demonstrates use of a smart mobile phone installed with an Android application, termed ‘Albumin smart test’, as an analyzer for quantitative determination of urinary albumin. The reaction between albumin and tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester (TBPE) in the presence of Triton X-100 was employed for detection principle.The mobile phone was exploited with the sample cassette and the test paper. One sample cassette composes of two holders for accommodation of control and test samples. The test paper was designed in order to contain standard colorimetric strip and space for situating the sample cassette. Optical images of the strip and the samples were simultaneously captured in a single shot by a digital camera of the mobile phone and were digitally processed by the developed application for quantification of the albumin concentration based on self-calibration approach. With the advantage of self-calibration, the albumin test by our mobile phone can be performed in ambient light without using any extra module integrated with lighting control device. The other advantages are portability, ease of implementation and rapid analysis (3 min) with high precision (RSD ≤ 2.5%) and high accuracy (Recovery = 98.7% ± 1.6). The mobile device was successfully applied to diagnosis of microalbuminuria.
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    Microfluidic analysis with front-face fluorometric detection for the determination of total inorganic iodine in drinking water
    (2018-01-01)
    Inpota, Prawpan
    ;
    Strzelak, Kamil
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    Koncki, Robert
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    Sripumkhai, Wisaroot
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    Jeamsaksiri, Wutthinan
    A microfluidic method with front-face fluorometric detection was developed for the determination of total inorganic iodine in drinking water. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device was employed in conjunction with the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction, in which iodide catalyzed the redox reaction between Ce(IV) and As(III). Direct alignment of an optical fiber attached to a spectrofluorometer was used as a convenient detector for remote front-face fluorometric detection. Trace inorganic iodine (IO <inf>3</inf> <sup>-</sup> and I <sup>-</sup> ) present naturally in drinking water was measured by on-line conversion of iodate to iodide for determination of total inorganic iodine. On-line conversion efficiency of iodate to iodide using the microfluidic device was investigated. Excellent conversion efficiency of 93 - 103% (%RSD = 1.6 - 11%) was obtained. Inorganic iodine concentrations in drinking water samples were measured, and the results obtained were in good agreement with those obtained by an ICP-MS method. Spiked sample recoveries were in the range of 86%(±5) - 128%(±8) (n = 12). Interference of various anions and cations were investigated with tolerance limit concentrations ranging from 10-6 to 2.5 M depending on the type of ions. The developed method is simple and convenient, and it is a green method for iodine analysis, as it greatly reduces the amount of toxic reagent consumed with reagent volumes in the microfluidic scale.
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    A highly selective 'turn-on' fluorescent sensor for Zn2+ based on fluorescein conjugates
    (2016-03-09)
    Chantalakana, Khwanchanok
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    ;
    Yingyuad, Peerada
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    Thongyoo, Panumart
    A highly selective fluorescent chemosensor was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for Zn<sup>2+</sup> recognition based on the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. This azofluorescein was comprised of a fluorescein moiety acting as a fluorophore, a linker (-N=N-) and a novel ionophore receptor generated by the coordination of the linker (-N=N-) with phenoxyl and carboxyl functionalities to render a binding pocket for Zn<sup>2+</sup> recognition. In the presence of Zn<sup>2+</sup>, a marked enhanced fluorescence change of 10-fold was observed. Under optimized conditions, a linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and concentration of Zn<sup>2+</sup> was observed with a detection limit of 1.2 μM. This probe also exhibited selectivity for Zn<sup>2+</sup> over other metals ions, especially Cd<sup>2+</sup>. The binding constant of the Zn<sup>2+</sup>-azofluorescein complex was determined to be 2.4 × 10<sup>4</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>.
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    Colorimetric sensor using silver nanoparticles for determination of hydrogen peroxide based on a flow injection system
    (2013-09-01) ;
    Sonsa-Ard, Thitaporn
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    Vimolkanjana, Chavin
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    Chompoosor, Apiwat
    In this work, a colorimetric probe using a flow injection (FI) system and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was developed for determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration. AgNPs have catalytic ability for decomposition of H2O2, producing silver ions and superoxide. The reaction mechanism of H2O2 and AgNPs at various concentrations is described. H2O2 concentration was quantified by monitoring decrease in AgNPs surface plasmon resonance during the decomposition reaction. Under the optimum condition, the detection limit for H2O2 was 0.6 mg/l. The flow system developed in this study provided good precision of analysis (relative standard deviation = 2.97%) with high throughput (18 samples/h). This method was successfully applied to analysis of H2O2 in pharmaceutical and household products. Therefore, the method is feasible for on-line monitoring H2O2 in manufacturing process quality control. © Copyright 2013 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.
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    Sequential injection for determination of gamma-aminobutyric acid based on its effect on second order light scattering of silver nanoparticles
    (2016-08-01)
    Jinnarak, Amornrassamee
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    Anantavichian, Pattarapon
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    Intanin, Apichai
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    Fungladda, Suchada
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    An automated sequential injection (SI) with second order light scattering (SOS) detection for determination of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was developed. Quantitation is based on electrostatic interaction between GABA and citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In acetate buffer at pH 3.8, the positively charged GABA induces the nanoparticles to aggregate. This results in a change of light scattering monitored using a spectrofluorometer. In this work, working standard solutions of GABA were prepared in-line by the SI system pumping appropriate volumes of a stock solution of GABA and acetate buffer into a holding coil. Solution of AgNPs was subsequently drawn into the coil. The reaction zone was then transferred to the spectrofluorometer, set with excitation and detection wavelengths at 300 and 600 nm, respectively. Under optimised condition, the SOS intensity was proportional to the concentration of GABA. As a result, a linear curve was obtained in the range of 100–400 mg L<sup>−1</sup> GABA, with a lower limit of detection of 39.6 mg L<sup>‐1</sup>. Good precision of analysis was achieved, with 0.6 and 3.3% relative standard deviation (RSD) for external calibration (n = 5) and standard addition (n = 3), respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for quantification of GABA in dietary supplements (2 samples) and samples of instant green tea (2 samples).
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    Chemometrics-assisted cross injection analysis for simultaneous determination of phosphate and silicate
    (2016-07-14)
    Uraisin, Kanchana
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    Janya, Supavita
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    Phechkrajang, Chutima
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    Tiyapongpattana, Warawut
    This work presents a novel method for simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of phosphate and silicate by using a cross injection analysis (CIA) coupled with the use of partial least squares (PLS) for data evaluation. The detection principle is based on the well-known ‘molybdenum blue’ method. The molybdate ions in the presence of stannous chloride in acidic medium give phosphomolybdenum blue and silicomolybdenum blue as products. In this work, all the liquids, including sample and reagents were simultaneously introduced into a CIA platform by using two peristaltic pumps for controlling the x-channel and y-channel flow which was automatically manipulated by using in-house control board. Crossflow provides sufficient mixing inside the platform prior detection of the absorption spectra of blue complexes in the wavelength of 400–900 nm. Since spectra of the blue colour product of phosphate and silicate are resemblant, these two analytes therefore reciprocally interfere with one another. This results in difficulty in simultaneous analysis of phosphate and silicate. In this work, PLS was utilised as assistor of CIA system for simultaneous analysis of phosphate and silicate using molybdenum blue reaction without using any modification of reagents and addition of selective masking agent. The calibration ranges are 0.1–6 mgP L<sup>−1</sup> and 5–100 mgSi L<sup>−1</sup> for phosphate and silicate, respectively. By using CIA coupled with PLS for data evaluation, the analysis of two analytes was achieved within 1.5 min with only single injection. The developed system was applied to natural water samples and the system was validated with the conventional methods. By statistical paired t-test, there was no evidence of significant difference at 95% confidence level (t<inf>stat</inf> = 2.28, t<inf>critical</inf> = 2.31 and t<inf>stat</inf> = 0.62, t<inf>critical</inf> = 2.31 for phosphate and silicate, respectively). This implied that the chemometrics-assisted CIA system was successfully developed for simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of phosphate and silicate.
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    A simple and rapid method based on anti-aggregation of silver nanoparticles for detection of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) in tap water
    (2016-01-01)
    Trisaranakul, Wichaya
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    Chompoosor, Apiwat
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    Maneeprakorn, Weerakanya
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    Nacapricha, Duangjai
    ;
    A simple and rapid method was developed for the detection of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) using citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Detection was based on anti-aggregation of AgNPs in phosphate buffer caused by PDADMAC. Due to its positive charges, PDADMAC was adsorbed onto AgNPs via electrostatic interaction with citrate, which resulted in the charges at the particle surfaces to become positive and caused repulsion among particles. Furthermore, long-chain PDADMAC provided steric hindrance. These two effects promoted the dispersion of AgNPs in the phosphate buffer. A change in the state of dispersion influenced the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of AgNPs. Therefore, in this work, the concentration of PDADMAC was determined by monitoring changes in absorbance (at 396 nm) caused by SPR of AgNPs. Under optimal conditions, the calibration was linear over the range of 1 to 100 mg L<sup>-1</sup> with a detection limit of 0.7 mg L<sup>-1</sup>. Satisfactory precision was obtained (RSD = 2.8%). This method was successfully applied to the determination of PDADMAC in tap water samples. The recoveries ranged from 86.0 - 107.5%.
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    Tandem measurements of iron and creatinine by cross injection analysis with application to urine from thalassemic patients
    (2015-01-01) ;
    Mantim, T.
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    Inpota, P.
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    Nacapricha, D.
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    Wilairat, P.
    This work presents development of a method for the dual determination of Fe(III) and creatinine using cross injection analysis (CIA). Two CIA platforms connected in series accommodated sample and reagents plugs aspirated via y-direction channels while water was pumped through the x-direction channel toward a flow-through cell of a diode array UV-vis. detector. Iron was detected from the colorimetric reaction between Fe(II) and 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(N-propyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)amino) aniline (5-Br-PSAA), with prior reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) by ascorbic acid. The Jaffes reaction was employed for the detection of creatinine. Under the optimal conditions, good linearity ranges were achieved for iron in the range 0.5 to 7 mg L<sup>-1</sup> and creatinine in the range 50 to 800 mg L<sup>-1</sup>. The CIA system was applied to spot urine samples from thalassemic patients undergoing iron chelation therapy, and was successfully validated with ICP-OES and batchwise Jaffes method. Normalization of urinary iron excretion with creatinine is useful for correcting the iron concentration between urine samples due to variation of the collected urine volume.