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    N-doped Porous Carbon from Palm Male Flower via Hydrothermal Carbonization
    (2020-07-30)
    Verasarut, Panupong
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    Liamprawat, Tanatorn
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    Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
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    ;
    Panomsuwan, Gasidit
    N-doped porous carbon materials were produced from palm male flower using hydrothermal carbonization processes at 200 C for 24 h followed by N-Doping and carbonization at 700C for 2 h. N-doping was carried out by impregnation using NH4OH at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 M and 2 M. Products were characterized by means of chemical composition and morphology using SEM, XPS, and XRD to characterize specific properties such as physical morpholog, porosity, elemental composition on surface and crystalline structure of PMF. After applying hydrothermal carbonization processes, the results showed substantially increased porosity and surface area with suitable microstructure for N-doped electrodes applications. The highest porosity was obtained at NPC-1.5 M.
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    In vitro plant growth promotion by ZnO nanomaterials in indica rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.)
    (2018-01-01) ;
    Whalley, Anthony J.S.
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    Sutjaritvorakul, Thanawat
    This research focuses on zinc oxide nanomaterials (nano-ZnO) applied to agricultural fields. Plants were exposed to nanomaterials and responded differently in tolerance to the various concentrations and types of nanomaterials. Two cultivars (SP1 and SP90) of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings were grown at 0-1,000 mg.L<sup>-1</sup> nano-ZnO and their morphological and physiological response was determined. Rice seedlings were harvested 5, 7, 10 and 14 days after treatments. Results demonstrated a significant increase in biomass, growth tolerance index (GTI), chlorophyll contents and antioxidant enzyme activities of the treated plant at 100 mg.L<sup>-1</sup> nano-ZnO but these parameters decreased with increasing nano-ZnO concentration in the treated plants at 300-1,000 mg.L<sup>-1</sup> nano-ZnO when compared to control plants (0 mg.L<sup>-1</sup> nano-ZnO). The high accumulations of biomass, GTI and chlorophyll contents were related to production of antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase and peroxidase) in plant cells when plants were exposed to a low dose of nano-ZnO. Further investigations will determine the effect of nano-ZnO on the plant productivity.
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    Biological synthesis and characterization of lead oxide nanoparticles using Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. aqueous extract
    (2020-10-26)
    Sutjaritvorakul, Thanawat
    ;
    Lead oxide (PbO) is an important semiconductor material, and it can be potentially applied in many industries such as glass, battery and electronic industry. Metal nanoparticles are commonly synthesized by chemical and physical methods. However, these methods require extreme conditions, and thus causing toxic compounds. To overcome these problems, biological method for synthesis has been developed because it is more environmentally-friendly process. The objective of this research was to synthesize and characterize PbO nanoparticles (PbO-NPs) using aqueous fruit extract of Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. The metal nanoparticles were investigated for the morphological characteristics and chemical composition by scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and were identified by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The XRD pattern and FTIR spectrum substantiated that the metal nanoparticles were lead oxide. It was found that the aqueous fruit extract of A. bilimbi can synthesized PbO-NPs. Therefore, this method can be a promising alternative for low cost and non-polluting production of PbO-NPs.
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    Nanoporous Carbon from Water Hyacinth Via Hydrothermal Carbonization
    (2020-07-30)
    Chanpee, Sirayu
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    Suksai, Nattaya
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    Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
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    Fuji, Masayoshi
    Nanoporous carbon materials have been successfully synthesized from water hyacinth via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). This research was studied the effect of hydrothermal temperature from 160 - 200 C and reaction time for 4 - 24 h. Afterwards, carbonization was carried out at the temperature of 600 - 900 C for 2 h in N2 atmosphere for developing porosity and even removing contaminants of hydrothermal char to obtain the porous carbon. The physico-chemical properties of nanoporous carbon materials were comprehensively characterized through Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), CHN elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and BET analysis. The adsorption capacity and carbon content of nanoporous carbon materials from water hyacinth were increased with increased hydrothermal carbonization temperature and time. Performing HTC at 200 C for 12 h. Is the optimum condition to synthesis of precursor materials for good adsorbent.
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    Modifications of morphological and physiological characteristics of pigmented-rice seedlings by application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles
    (2018-09-05)
    Samart, Sutichai
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    Nanomaterials or metal nanoparticles are considered as the agricultural applications with significant response-promoting influence. This research was focused on the influence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<inf>2</inf> NPs) on morphological and physiological processes in pigmented-rice plants at seedling stage. A significant influence of TiO<inf>2</inf> NPs on the plant growth, photosynthetic pigment contents and antioxidant enzyme activities in rice seedlings was investigated. The results were also shown that pigmented-rice seedlings growing in TiO<inf>2</inf> NPs application significantly differed in the morphological and physiological responses when compared with the control plants. The results presented the plant height and dry weight was significantly affected by TiO<inf>2</inf> NPs. The results observed an increase in chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, carotenoid contents and catalase, peroxidase enzyme activities in plant seedlings of TiO<inf>2</inf> NPs-treated plants which positive-corresponded with plant growth performances was found. TiO<inf>2</inf> NPs-treated seedlings that a high level of TiO<inf>2</inf> NPs application exhibited an increase in the plant growth, photosynthetic pigment contents and antioxidant enzyme activities. The amelioration effect of 800 mg L<sup>-1</sup> of TiO<inf>2</inf> NPs application was shown the highest performances in morphological and physiological responses when compared with the other treatments. Investigation of the results suggests that the morphological and physiological responses due to changes in the plant growth, photosynthetic pigment content and antioxidant enzyme activity parameters may derive from the interaction between TiO<inf>2</inf> NPs and plant cells of pigmented-rice seedlings, which are known to play a role in plant development and productivity in the further study.
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    Application of nanomaterials in plant regeneration of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
    (2017-01-01) ;
    Sutjaritvorakul, Thanawat
    In recent years, the application of nanomaterials has been investigated by various studies, especially in their biological and agricultural features. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO<inf>2</inf>) nanoparticles on the quality of the plant regeneration in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. RD49). Mature seed explants were used for callus induction and plant regeneration cultured on the medium supplemented with different concentrations of ZnO or TiO<inf>2</inf> nanoparticles. The high percentage of the callus induction was achieved on the medium supplemented with 5 mg.L<sup>-1</sup> ZnO nanoparticles or 20 mg.L<sup>-1</sup> TiO<inf>2</inf> nanoparticles when compared with control treatment (without nanoparticles). Various concentrations of TiO<inf>2</inf> nanoparticles were also found to increase the percentage of the plant regeneration more than ZnO nanoparticles. The highest percentage of plant regeneration was observed on the medium containing the concentration of 20 mg.L<sup>-1</sup> TiO<inf>2</inf> nanoparticles. The in vitro rooting of regenerated shoots was hardened and successfully transplanted to the field after 30 days of transplantation. The results suggested that ZnO and TiO<inf>2</inf> nanomaterials may have potential applications in the in vitro plant regeneration.
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    Synthesis of porous carbon materials from water hyacinth via hydrothermal carbonization assisted chemical activation for carbon-based electrode applications
    (2020-10-26)
    Liamprawat, Tanatorn
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    Verasarut, Panupong
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    Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
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    Panomsuwan, Gasidit
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    Recently, lignocellulosic materials have been widely utilized as feedstocks for several applications such as carbon, biofuels and biochemical productions because of their potentials (i.e. waste reduction, carbon sequestration, renewable). In this study, porous carbon was successfully synthesized from water hyacinth (WHs) via hydrothermal carbonization assisted with chemical activation using Na2CO3 and K2CO3. The hydrothermal carbonization process was studied in the range of 160-200°C for 4-12h and the hydrothermal chars were then further pyrolyzed under a supply of N2 flow 100ml/min at 700-900°C for 2h. The as-pyrolyzed chars were then activated by two different bases including Na2CO3 and K2CO3 at the ratio of 1.0 (w/w, hydrothermal char: chemical) to obtain highly porous carbon. The results indicated that carbon percentage, surface area and porous structure were improved with the higher hydrothermal temperature showing the best results at 180°C for 8h. Moreover, the development of pore structure of WHs porous carbon was successfully by chemical activation with K2CO3.
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    Differential responses to nanoparticles induced by nanocarbon application in pigmented rice seedlings
    (2020-10-26)
    Samart, S.
    ;
    To investigate the effects of nanocarbon on physiological responses of plant growth, contents of photosynthetic pigments, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the seedlings of pigmented rice cv. Hom-nin that were cultured on either untreated-nanocarbon (control) or treated-nanocarbon (soil:nanocarbon, 8:1, 6:1, 2:1 w/w) were studied. The results showed that growth performances, photosynthetic pigment contents and antioxidant enzyme activities in seedlings 7-28 days after the treated-nanocarbon were significantly differenced when compared to the control treatment. Growth performances, photosynthetic pigment contents and antioxidant enzyme activities in pigmented rice seedlings were significantly enhanced by the low and moderate concentrations of nanocarbon treatments (soil:nanocarbon, 8:1, 6:1 w/w) for all sampling dates (7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the nanocarbon treatments). While at the high concentration of nanocarbon (soil:nanocarbon, 2:1 w/w) treatment, growth performances, photosynthetic pigment contents and antioxidant enzyme activities in pigmented rice seedlings were significantly decreased when compared to the other treatments. The results suggested that the inducible physiological responses in pigmented rice seedlings to nanocarbon depend on both the concentrations and the exposure duration. The appropriate ratio of 8:1 and 6:1 w/w of soil:nanocarbon seemed to induce the physiological performances in the seedlings, more than those at the high concentration and untreated of nanocarbon.
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    Highly porous carbon materials for adsorbent from water hyacinth via hydrothermal carbonization
    (2020-10-26)
    Chanpee, Sirayu
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    Suksai, Nattaya
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    Kaewtrakulchai, Napat
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    Fuji, Masayoshi
    Carbon nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized from waste lignin via carbonization and base activation. The effect of base activation on lignin transformation to carbon nanoparticles was investigated. Carbon nanoparticles from waste lignin via carbonization and base activation were denoted as CNPs. The physicochemical properties of CNPs were comprehensively characterized through a Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The results revealed that the condition using 5 wt% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and carbonization at 700°C on N2 atmosphere exhibited the highly porous structure of carbon nanoparticles. In conclusion, the NaOH-treated CNPs led to the production of high specific surface areas and high micropore volumes.
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    Growth of pigmented rice (Oryza sativa L. Cv. Riceberry) exposed to ZnO nanoparticles
    (2019-01-01)
    Samart, Sutichai
    ;
    Exposure of plants to nanomaterials has been evaluated to the positive and negative effects on crop growth, metabolism, and productivity. In this research, application of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles was studied in pigmented rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Riceberry). Riceberry plants were grown and irrigated for 60 days. After that, Riceberry plants were exposed to ZnO nanoparticles by treating them with 0, 200, 400 or 800 mg L<sup>-1</sup> of ZnO nanoparticles. The plant heights, plant weights, numbers of panicles/clump, photosynthetic pigment contents, and antioxidant enzyme activities were determined. Results showed that 200 mg L<sup>-1</sup> of ZnO nanoparticles induced the high enhancement of plant heights, plant weights, numbers of panicles/clump, total photosynthetic pigment contents, and antioxidant enzyme activities as compared to 400 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, 800 mg L<sup>-1</sup> of ZnO nanoparticles and the control (0 mg L<sup>-1</sup> of ZnO nanoparticles) treatments. Moreover, the contents of anthocyanin accumulation in the rice seeds exposed to ZnO nanoparticles were measured. The seeds of Riceberry plants exposed to 200 mg L<sup>-1</sup> of ZnO nanoparticles exhibited higher the accumulation of anthocyanin contents than other treatments (0, 400 and 800 mg L<sup>-1</sup> of ZnO nanoparticles). It was observed that the appropriation of ZnO nanoparticle concentrations may play a role in enhanced the plant growth, productivity and metabolite of Riceberry plants.