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    Application of baby corn husk as a biological sustainable feedstock for the production of cellulase and xylanase by Lentinus squarrosulus Mont.
    (2023-02-01)
    Vichitraka, Asanee
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    Tantratian, Sumate
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    In an effort to use baby corn husk (BCH) as a sustainable feedstock for cellulase and xylanase production by the Lentinus squarrosulus Mont. isolate LS-YA (LSM-LS-YA), a suitable pretreatment method and fermentation strategies were developed. BCH pretreated with 1 M sodium hydroxide for 90 min, an alkaline pretreatment, exemplified an appropriate pretreatment method. In a 10-L external Venturi injector bioreactor, the highest cellulase and xylanase production was 4.12 ± 0.36 unit/mL and 6.15 ± 0.36 unit/mL, respectively, when 1 g/L diammonium hydrogen phosphate was used as the nitrogen source and the aeration rate was controlled at 0.2 vvm. This study provides an informative perspective on the production of cellulase and xylanase from agricultural lignocellulosic materials, which could reduce agricultural waste while supporting a zero-waste circular economy, and this fermentation process would be applicable to larger-scale production.
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    Antimicrobial film from jackfruit waste powder incorporating clove and ginger essential oils and its application in food packaging
    (2026-06-01)
    Nimitr, Ronakit
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    Eamsiriluck, Phutthipong
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    Purba, Daniel Tua
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    Krusong, Warawut
    Bioactive composite films were developed utilizing a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and jackfruit waste powder (JK PW) matrix, functionalized with either ginger (JK PW–GEO) or clove essential oil (JK PW–CEO). Structural characterization indicated that the essential oils were chemically anchored to the polymer matrix via intermolecular hydrogen bonding, facilitating the formation of a cohesive micro-composite architecture. These chemical interactions significantly enhanced thermal stability; notably, JK PW–GEO films exhibited superior thermal resistance (limiting mass loss to 9 % within the 180–260 °C range) compared to JK PW–CEO films (∼14 % loss). This stability is attributed to the robust retention of non-volatile gingerols within the hydrogen-bonded network, as confirmed by HS-GC–MS/MS analysis. Regarding functional bioactivity, distinct performance profiles were observed: JK PW–CEO films demonstrated exceptional antioxidant capacity (334.75 mg GAE/g; 90.62 % DPPH radical scavenging), whereas JK PW–GEO films exhibited broader antimicrobial efficacy, particularly against resistant bacterial strains such as Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella enterica . In practical application trials, both film formulations effectively extended the shelf life of bread and fresh poultry by mitigating microbial proliferation and suppressing spoilage odors. Sensory evaluation confirmed that the films maintained desirable olfactory profiles, thereby enhancing the perceived quality of the packaged products. Collectively, this study establishes that JK PW-based composites offer a sustainable avenue for active packaging, wherein ginger oil provides superior thermal and antimicrobial stability, while clove oil delivers potent antioxidant protection.
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    Shelf-life extension of Thai green papaya salad dressing by hurdle technology
    (2024-09-01) ;
    Krusong, Warawut
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    Srisawat, Kraisuwit
    Green papaya salad or Som Tum is the most popular spicy mixed salads in Thailand due to its unique rich flavor. Green papaya salad dressing (GPSD) is made from various ingredients such as fresh chili pepper, fresh garlic, rind tamarind, fish sauce and lime oil, including the limitation in controlling the taste and flavor of salad dressing and its poor shelf-life. In this study, a convenient ready-to-eat GPSD was developed. Hurdle technology was applied to extend shelf-life of the GPSD based on monitoring of microbial contamination and food pathogens throughout the process. Hurdle technology able to decrease total plate count (TPC) from 5.6 ± 0.2 to 1 ± 0.3 log CFU/g and yeast and mold (Y&M) from 4.2 ± 0.3 to <1 log CFU/g. After 12 weeks of storage at 5 ± 2 °C, slightly increase of TPC was detected as 1.5 ± 0.2 log CFU/g and no changes were found for Y&M and other pathogens. At week 12, GPSD stored at 32 ± 2 °C was found to have higher TPC and Y&M (3.7 ± 0.3 and 2.4 ± 0.3 log CFU/g, respectively). Therefore, a combination of hurdles that combines low a<inf>w</inf>, low pH, heat treatment, low temperature after hot filling, and chilled storage could extend the shelf-life of GPSD with satisfy sensorial test result and be suitable for minimally processed salad dressing.
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    Enhancing small-scale acetification processes using adsorbed Acetobacter pasteurianus UMCC 2951 on κ-carrageenan-coated luffa sponge
    (2024-01-01) ;
    Krusong, Warawut
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    Samuela, Nialmas
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    Background. This study explored the utilization of luffa sponge (LS) in enhancing acetification processes. LS is known for having high porosity and specific surface area, and can provide a novel means of supporting the growth of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) to improve biomass yield and acetification rate, and thereby promote more efficient and sustainable vinegar production. Moreover, the promising potential of LS and luffa sponge coated with κ-carrageenan (LSK) means they may represent effective alternatives for the co-production of industrially valuable bioproducts, for example bacterial cellulose (BC) and acetic acid. Methods. LS and LSK were employed as adsorbents for Acetobacter pasteurianus UMCC 2951 in a submerged semi-continuous acetification process. Experiments were conducted under reciprocal shaking at 1 Hz and a temperature of 32 <sup>◦</sup>C. The performance of the two systems (LS-AAB and LSK-AAB respectively) was evaluated based on cell dry weight (CDW), acetification rate, and BC biofilm formation. Results. The use of LS significantly increased the biomass yield during acetification, achieving a CDW of 3.34 mg/L versus the 0.91 mg/L obtained with planktonic cells. Coating LS with κ-carrageenan further enhanced yield, with a CDW of 4.45 mg/L. Acetification rates were also higher in the LSK-AAB system, reaching 3.33 ± 0.05 g/L d as opposed to 2.45 ± 0.05 g/L d for LS-AAB and 1.13 ± 0.05 g/L d for planktonic cells. Additionally, BC biofilm formation during the second operational cycle was more pronounced in the LSK-AAB system (37.0 ± 3.0 mg/L, as opposed to 25.0 ± 2.0 mg/L in LS-AAB). Conclusions. This study demonstrates that LS significantly improves the efficiency of the acetification process, particularly when enhanced with κ-carrageenan. The increased biomass yield, accelerated acetification, and enhanced BC biofilm formation highlight the potential of the LS-AAB system, and especially the LSK-AAB variant, in sustainable and effective vinegar production. These systems offer a promising approach for small-scale, semi-continuous acetification processes that aligns with eco-friendly practices and caters to specialized market needs. Finally, this innovative method facilitates the dual production of acetic acid and bacterial cellulose, with potential applications in biotechnological fields.