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    Platelet Ceria Catalysts from Solution Combustion and Effect of Iron Doping for Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate from CO2
    (2025-01-01)
    Rusta, Nicoletta
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    Mameli, Valentina
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    Ricci, Pier Carlo
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    Porcu, Stefania
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    Solution combustion (SC) remains among the most promising synthetic strategies for the production of crystalline nanopowders from an aqueous medium, due to its easiness, time and cost-effectiveness, scalability and eco-friendliness. In this work, this method was selected to obtain anisometric ceria-based nanoparticles applied as catalysts for the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate. The catalytic performances were studied for the ceria and Fe-doped ceria from SC (CeO<inf>2</inf>-SC, Ce<inf>0.9</inf>Fe<inf>0.1</inf>O<inf>2</inf>-SC) in comparison with the ceria nanorods (CeO<inf>2</inf>-HT, Ce<inf>0.9</inf>Fe<inf>0.1</inf>O<inf>2</inf>-HT) obtained by hydrothermal (HT) method, one of the most studied systems in the literature. Indeed, the ceria nanoparticles obtained by SC were found to be highly crystalline, platelet-shaped, arranged in a mosaic-like assembly and with smaller crystallite size (≈6 nm vs. ≈17 nm) and higher surface area (80 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> vs. 26 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>) for the undoped sample with respect to the Fe-doped counterpart. Although all samples exhibit an anisometric morphology that should favor the exposition of specific crystalline planes, HT-samples showed better performances due to higher oxygen vacancies concentration and lower amount of strong basic and acid sites.
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    Ba0·5Sr0·5(Co0·8Fe0.2)1-xTaxO3-δ perovskite anode in solid oxide electrolysis cell for hydrogen production from high-temperature steam electrolysis
    (2021-02-08)
    Prasopchokkul, P.
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    ;
    Kim-Lohsoontorn, P.
    Among perovskite anodes in solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), Ba<inf>0·5</inf>Sr<inf>0·5</inf>Co<inf>0·8</inf>Fe<inf>0·2</inf>O<inf>3-δ</inf> (BSCF) has gained much attention due to its dominantly high performance. However, the BSCF still suffers from chemical instability. In this study, the B-site of BSCF is partially substituted by a higher valence Ta<sup>5+</sup> (5, 10, 15 and 20 mol%) to improve its structural stability - Ba<inf>0·5</inf>Sr<inf>0·5</inf>(Co<inf>0·8</inf>Fe<inf>0.2</inf>)<inf>1-x</inf>Ta<inf>x</inf>O<inf>3-δ</inf> (BSCFTax, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.20). It is found that doping with higher valence Ta<sup>5+</sup> increases both chemical stability and electrochemical performance of BSCF. Although the BSCFTa0.10 shows the lowest oxygen vacancies indicating by the ratio of adsorbed oxygen vacancies (O<inf>adsorbed</inf>) to lattice oxygen (O<inf>lattice</inf>), the electrochemical performance increases. The decrease in Co<sup>3+</sup>/Co<sup>4+</sup> ratio results in increasing electronic conductivity in the anode. It is likely that proper amount of Ta<sup>5+</sup> doping provide a balance between ionic and electronic conductivity in the anode and improved electrochemical performance. The symmetrical half-cells with electrolyte support (BSCFTa/YSZ/BSCFTa) are fabricated to determine the area specific resistance (ASR) and activation energy of conduction - BSCFTa0.10 shows the best performance. Cathode-supported Ni-YSZ/YSZ/BSCFTa0.10 also shows higher durability than Ni-YSZ/YSZ/BSCF (operating at current density −0.45 A cm<sup>−2</sup> in electrolysis mode, 80 h, 800 °C and H<inf>2</inf>O to H<inf>2</inf> ratio of 70:30).
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    Ultrasonically assisted surface modified CeO2 nanospindle catalysts for conversion of CO2 and methanol to DMC
    (2022-11-01)
    Kulthananat, Tachatad
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    Kim-Lohsoontorn, Pattaraporn
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    This study developed a facile and effective approach to engineer the surface properties of cerium oxide (CeO<inf>2</inf>) nanospindle catalysts for the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from CO<inf>2</inf> and methanol. CeO<inf>2</inf> nanospindles were first prepared by a simple precipitation method followed by wet chemical redox etching with sodium borohydride (NaBH<inf>4</inf>) under high intensity ultrasonication (ultrasonic horn, 20 kHz, 150 W/cm<sup>2</sup>). The ultrasonically assisted surface modification of the CeO<inf>2</inf> nanospindles in NaBH<inf>4</inf> led to particle collisions and surface reduction that resulted in an increase in the number of surface-active sites of exposed Ce<sup>3+</sup> and oxygen vacancies. The surface modified CeO<inf>2</inf> nanospindles showed an improvement of catalytic activity for DMC formation, yielding 17.90 mmol·g<inf>cat</inf><sup>−1</sup> with 100 % DMC selectivity. This study offers a simple and effective method to modify a CeO<inf>2</inf> surface, and it can further be applied for other chemical activities.
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    Asymmetric dot-patterned wettable and antibacterial wound dressings from bacterial cellulose–alginate composites coated with stearic acid-modified ZnO/chitosan/AgNPs
    (2025-01-01)
    Ieamviteevanich, Pimchanok
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    Onklam, Panida
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    Kampechdee, Wariya
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    Churiwan, Achana
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    To improve the wound dressing characteristics of bacterial cellulose-based materials and address the issue of asymmetric wound dressing with one hydrophilic side and another hydrophobic side, this study developed a new concept for the fabrication of an asymmetric wettable and antibacterial wound dressing by selective drop coating of stearic acid-modified ZnO, chitosan, and AgNPs to form a dot pattern on both surfaces of a bacterial cellulose–alginate composite (BA-ZnS/Ch/Ag). The coated surface was hydrophobic, with a WCA of 150° due to the formation of a low surface energy zinc stearate (C<inf>17</inf>H<inf>35</inf>COO)<inf>2</inf>Zn) monolayer on the ZnO particles and a high degree of hierarchical roughness. The asymmetric wettable BA-ZnS/Ch/Ag wound dressing maintained good water absorptivity (swelling rate 417%) and natural breathability (water vapor transmission rate 792 g.m<sup>−2</sup> day<sup>−1</sup>) of the superhydrophilic bacterial cellulose-alginate composite that consisted of dense outer surfaces and porous inner layers and simultaneously possessed the superhydrophobic property of the coating area that can reduce the risk of infection from external fluids and improve the blood repellency and anti-adhesion properties. The BA-ZnS/Ch/Ag wound dressing showed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli and non-toxicity to human keratinocyte immortal cells (HaCaT), making it suitable for clinical applications.
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    The role of γ-C2H5NO2 as a new transient liquid phase in cold sintering process of BaTiO3 composites
    (2024-07-01)
    Noisak, Jitrawan
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    Ieamviteevanich, Pimchanok
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    Charoonsuk, Thitirat
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    Pakawanit, Phakkhananan
    ;
    Pinpru, Nattapong
    Dielectric materials, such as barium titanate (BT)-based materials, have excellent dielectric properties but require high temperatures (above 1300 °C) for ceramic fabrication, leading to high costs and energy loss. The cold sintering process (CSP) offers a solution to these issues and is gaining worldwide attention as an innovative fabrication route. In this work, we proposed an alternative organic ferroelectric phase, gamma-glycine (γ-GC), which acts as a transient liquid phase to fabricate high-density composites with barium titanate (BT) at low temperatures through CSP. Our findings show that the density of 15γ-GC/85BT reached 96.7%±1.6% when it was sintered at 120 °C for 6 h under 10 MPa uniaxial pressure. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) mappings of the composite suggested that γ-GC completely underwent the precipitation–dissolution process and, therefore, filled between BT particles. Moreover, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the preservation of γ-GC without undesired phase transformation. In addition, the ferroelectric and dielectric properties of γ-GC/BT composites have been reported. The high dielectric constant (ε<inf>r</inf>) was 3600, and the low dielectric loss (tanδ) was 1.20 at 200 °C and 100 kHz for the 15γ-GC/85BT composite. The hysteresis loop showed a remanent polarization (P<inf>r</inf>) of 0.55 µC·cm<sup>-2</sup> and a coercive field (E<inf>c</inf>) of 7.25 kV·cm<sup>-1</sup>. Our findings reaffirmed that an organic ferroelectric material (γ-GC) can act as a transient liquid phase in a CSP that can successfully and sustainably fabricate γ-GC/BT composites at low temperatures while delivering outstandingly high performance.
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    Property improvement of biodegradable citric acid-crosslinked rice starch films by calcium oxide
    (2021-12-15)
    Sornsumdaeng, Kittichai
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    ;
    Due to several important limitations for packaging applications of starch film such as strength and hydrophilicity, rice starch (Oryza sativa) film was crosslinked with citric acid and modified by different contents of calcium oxide. FTIR spectra showed the evidence of crosslinking by citric acid and the presence of calcium oxide in the modified rice starch films. After the crosslinking, the decrease of degree of crystallinity and swelling including the increase of film smoothness and strain at maximum load were observed. The application of both citric acid and calcium oxide caused greater decrease of swelling, moisture uptake as well as higher stiffness and antibacterial activity than those of the use of only the citric acid. The highest stiffness and antibacterial activity were found for the crosslinked film added by 5 wt% calcium oxide. Moreover, the effect of calcium oxide contents on morphological, thermal and biodegradable properties of the crosslinked films was also investigated.
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    Superhydrophobic eggshell for fabrication of hydrophobic barrier of paper-based analytical device for colorimetric determination of ammonium ion in water
    (2024-05-01)
    Thangjitsirisin, Kanyapak
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    ;
    This work demonstrates the first application of the superhydrophobic eggshell as an environmental-friendly material for fabricating the hydrophobic barrier of a paper-based analytical device (PAD). The eggshell surface was modified by mixing the pulverized chicken eggshell biowaste with stearic acid and a polystyrene binder to accomplish superhydrophobicity. The PAD (10 × 10 mm<sup>2</sup>) is comprised of the circular-shaped hydrophilic reservoir (Ø 5 mm). The liquid barrier was fabricated by painting both the topside and the underside of the filter paper with the dispersed superhydrophobic eggshell solution. The SEM images revealed that the microsized superhydrophobic eggshell particles absorbed onto the porous surface of the cellulose fibril. A coated surface with a water contact angle of 155.39° ± 1.02° (n = 10) on the paper substrate was achieved, and this indicated superhydrophobicity. The eggshell barrier enabled excellent water and chemical resistance. The fabricated PAD was applied for the colorimetric determination of ammonium cations (NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>), based on the modified Berthelot reaction. Samples and chromogenic solutions were aliquoted onto the hydrophilic reservoir, with subsequent capture of the optical image of the stable, green-colored product by a smart phone under a light-controlled studio. The green color intensities were evaluated by ImageJ™ and plotted against the standard NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup> concentrations. A wide linear calibration range 5.0 to 100 mg N/L was achieved with good linearity (r<sup>2</sup> > 0.99). The PAD confirmed satisfied analytical recovery (Mean ± SD: 100.6 % ± 0.97, n = 11 samples) and high precision (RSD = 0.85 %: 10-PAD replicate measurements of 1.0 mg N/L). The limit of detection (3 SD of blank/slope) of 1.05 mg N/L was found sensitive enough to monitor the NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup> contents in freshwater. The results, determined by the developed PAD and ion chromatography, showed no significant difference under the statistical paired t-test at 95 % confidence (t<inf>stat</inf> = -1.80, t<inf>cri</inf> = 2.57, n = 6 samples).
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    Alkanolamine-Grafted and Copper-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanosheets-Graphene Composite Heterostructure for CO2 Photoreduction
    (2023-11-13)
    Karawek, Apisit
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    Kitjanukit, Nutkamol
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    Neamsung, Wannisa
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    Kinkaew, Chonlathon
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    Phadungbut, Poomiwat
    CO<inf>2</inf> photoreduction is an intriguing approach to carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). It relies on an effective photocatalyst to generate photoinduced electrons that incorporate carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>), yielding fuel products, e.g., methane, methanol, and ethanol. The heterostructure of titanium dioxide nanosheets (TNS) and graphene oxide (GO) is a sandwich-type composite consisting of two 2-dimensional nanostructures (2D-2D). It was demonstrated as an excellent candidate for CO<inf>2</inf> photoreduction due to its outstanding charge separation ability. This research studied the photoactivity of alkanolamine-grafted TNS and alkanolamine-grafted and copper-doped TNS/GO composites. In the first experiment, triethanolamine-grafted TNS (TEA-TNS) exhibited the best ability in CO<inf>2</inf> photoreduction compared to monoethanolamine- and diethanolamine-grafted TNS (MEA-TNS and DEA-TNS) due to the base-catalyzed hydration nature of CO<inf>2</inf>-TEA interactions. In the second experiment, we studied the photoactivity of four composites, including copper-doped TNS/GO (Cu-TNS/GO), TEA-[Cu-TNS/GO] (grafting TEA on Cu-TNS/GO), Cu-[TEA-TNS]/GO (doping Cu on TEA-TNS/GO), and TEA-Cu-TNS/GO (one-step hydrothermal synthesis with the Cu precursor, TEA, and GO). TEA-[Cu-TNS/GO] showed the best photoactivity since TEA was added last to the heterostructures, which benefited in avoiding side chelation reactions between TEA and Cu ions and ensuring TEA exposure to CO<inf>2</inf>
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    Effect of surfactant concentration on the formation of Fe2O3@SiO2 NIR-reflective red pigments
    (2021-05-01)
    Soranakom, Piya
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    Rakkwamsuk, Pattana
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    Supothina, Sitthisuntorn
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    High NIR-reflective red pigments were developed by encapsulating Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> particles in a transparent SiO<inf>2</inf> shell layer to form Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>@SiO<inf>2</inf> core-shell structures. The pigments were prepared by a sol-gel process and the effect of CTAB surfactant concentration on structural formation and optical properties was investigated. The reaction between CTAB and silica species was found to increase the yield of SiO<inf>2</inf> formation, which had a major role to control the SiO<inf>2</inf> shell thickness by ranging from 8 to 62 nm when varying CTAB concentration from 0 to 2 mM. After encapsulation, Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>@SiO<inf>2</inf> pigments still had the red-brown hue of hematite and the NIR reflectivity improved to 62.7 %–65.3%, or twice that of the uncoated Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>. The pigments prepared using the highest CTAB concertation changed from the original Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> color (CIE Lab color space coordinates) by only ΔE 8.2% due to the formation of second phase SiO<inf>2</inf> microspheres formed from excess CTAB micelles. The NIR-reflective red Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>@SiO<inf>2</inf> pigments showed good chemical stability and light resistance, thus they were suitable for use as cool pigments for coating applications.
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    Magnetically separable CeO2/CoFe2O4 heterojunction photocatalysts for dye degradation: characterization and mechanism
    (2024-01-01) ;
    Pasupong, Patchara
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    This study developed magnetically separable CeO<inf>2</inf>/CoFe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> heterojunction photocatalysts for dye degradation to reduce water pollution. The CeO<inf>2</inf>/CoFe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> nanocomposites with different CeO<inf>2</inf> ratios (10, 20, and 30 wt%) were prepared by a precipitation method. The nanocrystalline 20%CeO<inf>2</inf>/CoFe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> photocatalyst with a surface area of 117 m<sup>2</sup>.g<sup>−1</sup>, E<inf>g</inf> 2.37 eV, and uniform distribution of quasi-spherical CeO<inf>2</inf> minor phase (cubic fluorite structure with particle size 3 ± 1 nm) throughout the distorted spherical CoFe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> major phase (cubic spinel structure with particle size 9 ± 3 nm) showed the best photocatalytic performance for methylene blue (MB) degradation under UV light irradiation at the efficiency of 88.7% and the apparent rate constant (k) of 0.0138 min<sup>−1</sup>. The 20%CeO<inf>2</inf>/CoFe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> photocatalyst had a good magnetic response and could be easily separated from the dye solution by applying an external magnetic field. The reusability test showed lower photodegradation efficiency due to the adsorption of residual MB dye on the photocatalyst surface. The formation of heterojunction at the interfaces of CeO<inf>2</inf>/CoFe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> facilitated the photogenerated charge separation and increased availability of active species of holes (h<sup>+</sup>) and hydroxy radicals (<sup>∙</sup>OH), which were the key factors in improving the photocatalytic activity.