Now showing 1 - 10 of 34
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    Item type:Publication,
    Irresponsible forwarding under general inter-vehicle spacing distributions
    (2011-08-12)
    Typically, vehicles in a self-organizing traffic information system distribute the information by rebroadcasting. Rebroadcasting results in redundant retransmission of the same information packet, leading to a useless occupation of the radio channel. Minimizing redundancy, while still guaranteeing complete reachability throughout the network, is a challenging task in multi-hop broadcasting. In our previous work, we introduced a new probabilistic-based broadcasting scheme, called Irresponsible Forwarding (IF), which could reduce the redundancy effectively. However, in the previous work, we only considered the scenario where the inter-vehicle spacing was exponentially distributed. In this paper, we generalize the concept of IF such that it can be applied to any inter-vehicle spacing distribution. © 2011 IEEE.
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    Connectivity requirements for a self-organizing vehicular network
    (2008-12-24) ;
    Pattara-Atikom, Wasan
    In order to facilitate the traffic information dissemination in a self-organizing vehicular network, the network connectivity is required. In other words, a message from a source vehicle should be able to propagate and reach all of the vehicles on the road segment. Clearly, this requires the road segment to have a certain number of vehicles equipped with communication devices. It is a task of a system designer to determine the minimum number of vehicles (i.e., the minimum penetration) necessary to form a connected network as well as the critical transmission range required to provide such connectivity. In this paper, we present an analytical framework for determining the connectivity requirements in distributing traffic information in a self-organizing vehicular network. Both one-way and two-way street scenarios are considered. © 2008 IEEE.
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    A review of information dissemination protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks
    (2012-01-01) ;
    Pattara-Atikom, Wasan
    With the fast development in ad hoc wireless communications and vehicular technology, it is foreseeable that, in the near future, traffic information will be collected and disseminated in real-time by mobile sensors instead of fixed sensors used in the current infrastructure-based traffic information systems. A distributed network of vehicles such as a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) can easily turn into an infrastructure-less self-organizing traffic information system, where any vehicle can participate in collecting and reporting useful traffic information such as section travel time, flow rate, and density. Disseminating traffic information relies on broadcasting protocols. Recently, there have been a significant number of broadcasting protocols for VANETs reported in the literature. In this paper, we classify and provide an in-depth review of these protocols. © 2012 IEEE.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Efficient broadcasting in IEEE 802.11 networks through irresponsible forwarding
    (2009-12-01)
    Busanelli, Stefano
    ;
    Ferrari, Gianluigi
    ;
    In a self-organizing vehicular network, vehicles share and distribute information by rebroadcasting a received information packet to their neighbors. An efficient broadcast technique can offer a high reactivity without sacrificing the communication reliability. Therefore, broadcast techniques are particularly suitable for safety-related vehicular transmissions, whose goal is reaching reliably the widest area in the shortest time. Among the numerous solutions appeared in the literature, the probabilistic broadcast approaches seem to be promising and not yet accurately analyzed. Since the interaction between a high level broadcasting protocol with the lower layers cannot be ignored, in this work we analyze the behavior of a recently proposed broadcast technique, denoted as the Irresponsible Forwarding (IF), in IEEE 802.11 networks. Our attention concentrates on the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, which is affected by some critical impairments for broadcasting, such as the hidden terminal problem and self-interference. In this work, we evaluate the benefits brought by the use of IF to perform efficient broadcasting in IEEE 802.11 networks.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Real-Time Vehicle Maneuvering Detection with Digital Compass
    (2021-01-01)
    Leakkaw, Puttipong
    ;
    Vehicle maneuverings are important pieces of information for many applications such as traffic incident detection and driving behavior recognition. On a macroscopic level, an unusually large number of some maneuvering events (e.g., lane changes) may suggest that a road incident occurs. On a microscopic level, vehicle maneuverings can tell how each individual person drives (e.g., safely or unsafely). A number of smartphone-based maneuvering detection methods have been proposed. However, most of them typically rely on accelerometer and gyroscope, and thus require the smartphone to be placed at a specific position on a vehicle and in a specific orientation. In this work, we take a rather different approach from most of the existing methods. Particularly, we investigate how effective it is to detect vehicle maneuverings by relying only on a signal from a digital compass on a smartphone. To this end, we introduce a simple rule-based maneuvering detection method which only takes the heading angles measured by the digital compass as inputs. This allows the smartphone to be placed freely at any position on the vehicle and in any orientation. Our results show that the digital compass can be used to detect turns and u-turns extremely well, and its accuracy on lane change detection is at an acceptable level.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Irresponsible forwarding under real intervehicle spacing distributions
    (2013-01-01) ;
    Cheng, Lin
    One approach to the distribution of traffic information in a self-organizing traffic information system is multihop broadcasting. In this approach, each vehicle may simply rebroadcast an information packet that it receives from the others. However, rebroadcasting results in redundant retransmissions of the same information, leading to a useless occupation of the radio channel. Minimizing redundancy, while still guaranteeing reachability in the network, is a challenging task in multihop broadcasting. In our previous work, we introduced a new probabilistic-based broadcasting scheme, i.e., Irresponsible Forwarding (IF) , which could effectively reduce the redundancy. However, in the previous work, we only considered the scenario where the intervehicle spacing was exponentially distributed. In this paper, we generalize the concept of IF such that it can be applied to any intervehicle spacing distribution. In addition, we evaluate the performance of the IF protocol when it is applied in a realistic scenario (i.e., using real traffic traces). This paper shows that the IF protocol is able to limit packet redundancy all hours of the day effectively. © 1967-2012 IEEE.
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    Lane Change Detection with Smartphones: A Steering Wheel-Based Approach
    (2020-01-01) ;
    Leakkaw, Puttipong
    Lane change is a valuable piece of traffic information. An abnormally high number of lane changes on a road section typically suggests that some lanes are blocked due to traffic incidents. Currently, the lane change information of vehicles on an urban road is typically obtained from over-roadway fixed sensors such as surveillance cameras. However, using fixed sensors has limitations in terms of cost and coverage. It is more effective to collect the lane change information directly from each individual vehicle. In addition, lane changing behavior of a driver can help assess his driving risk. One convenient way to detect a lane change directly from each vehicle is to take advantage of sensors on smart mobile devices such as smartphones. In this paper, we explore a new way to identify a lane change event based on a pattern of steering wheel angles detected by a smartphone. This is distinguishable from all of the existing steering wheel-based lane change detection methods, which need to retrieve the steering wheel angle signal from the On-board Diagnostic (OBD) port of the vehicle via the Controller Area Network-Bus (CAN-Bus). In addition, unlike others, our method does not require a lot of complex features to make an accurate detection. In fact, we demonstrate that a high level of accuracy can already be attained with a single simple feature called rotation span. Results show that the proposed detection method performs very well both in terms of precision and recall.
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    Effective variables for urban traffic incident detection
    (2016-01-18)
    Siripanpornchana, Chaiyaphum
    ;
    ;
    Chaovalit, Pimwadee
    Past studies on automatic traffic incident detection have mainly focused on the incidents on freeways, which are controlled-access roads. There are not many works on urban traffic incident detection. In addition, the traffic data used in detecting an incident are still mostly collected from fixed sensors such as loop detectors. With the advances in mobile sensing and vehicular technology, it is foreseeable that mobile sensors will be used increasingly in the near future. In fact, traffic data will be collected directly by vehicles. Detecting traffic incidents in an urban road network with the traffic data collected by mobile sensors poses several challenges. First, the urban roads are uncontrolled-access roads, which are typically full of flow-disruptive entities such as traffic signals, intersections, crossings, bus stops, etc. These entities can disrupt the traffic flow in a similar way that an incident does, making it more difficult to detect an incident. Second, it is still not clear which traffic variables, collected by mobile sensors, can be used in detecting an incident in an urban environment. In this paper, we investigate and identify the traffic variables that are effective in detecting an incident in an urban road network. Particularly, speed, acceleration, lane-change ratio and travel time are studied. The results show that these four traffic variables are generally effective for traffic incident detection. However, among the four variables, the least effective one is the travel time.
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    What Separates High-Performing Taxis From the Rest? A Case Study in Bangkok
    (2024-01-01)
    Taxi is a public transportation system widely used in many cities, including Bangkok, Thailand. It provides a convenient way for people to move around the city. However, past studies have shown that the Bangkok taxi system is highly inefficient. In fact, most taxis are vacant most of the time. Despite this fact, there are highly efficient taxis that outperform the others in terms of gaining higher revenue. Learning what these high-performing taxis do differently is essential to improving the overall system's efficiency. In this paper, we investigate the key factors that differentiate high-performing taxis from low-performing ones. Identifying these factors allows us to draw significant insights into improving each taxi's performance. Based on an analysis of real taxi trajectory data, this study shows that the two crucial factors that separate high-performing taxis from low-performing taxis are the passenger searching time and the ability to select less congested search routes. Thus, an effective solution needs to concentrate on improving these two factors. Enhancing other elements, such as passenger delivery time and delivery route, is much less effective and will not have any critical impact. Lastly, this paper presents an effective regression model for predicting the efficiency of an individual taxi based on its average vacant time and the proportion of time spent in congestion during a passenger search. The model performs well, with only an 8.28% error rate.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Evaluation of a neighbor-based vehicle density estimation scheme
    (2008-12-01) ;
    Pattara-Atikom, Wasan
    Vehicle density is one of the main metrics used for assessing the road traffic condition. A high vehicle density usually indicates that the traffic is congested. Currently, most of the vehicle density estimation approaches are designed for the infrastructure-based traffic information systems. These approaches require detecting devices such as inductive loop detectors or traffic surveillance cameras to be installed at various locations. Consequently, they are not suitable for an emerging self-organizing vehicular traffic information system, where the vehicles have to collect and process the traffic information without relying on any fixed infrastructure. In this paper, we consider a method for estimating the vehicle density based on the number of vehicles in the vicinity of the probe vehicle and evaluate its performance. © 2008 IEEE.