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    Numerical study on heat transfer of turbulent channel flow over periodic grooves
    (2008-08-01)
    Eiamsa-ard, Smith
    ;
    A numerical investigation of turbulent forced convection in a two-dimensional channel with periodic transverse grooves on the lower channel wall is conducted. The lower wall is subjected to a uniform heat flux condition while the upper wall is insulated. To investigate turbulence model effects, computations based on a finite volume method, are carried out by utilizing four turbulence models: the standard k - ε, the Renormalized Group (RNG) k - ε, the standard k - ω, and the shear stress transport (SST) k - ω turbulence models. Parametric runs are made for Reynolds numbers ranging from 6000 to 18,000 with the groove-width to channel-height ratio (B/H) of 0.5 to 1.75 while the groove pitch ratio of 2 and the depth ratio of 0.5 are fixed throughout. The predicted results from using several turbulence models reveal that the RNG and the k - ε turbulence models generally provide better agreement with available measurements than others. Therefore, the k - ε model is selected to use in prediction of this complex flow. In addition, the results of the heat transfer coefficient, friction factor, skin friction coefficient and thermal enhancement factor are also examined. It is found that the grooved channel provides a considerable increase in heat transfer at about 158% over the smooth channel and a maximum gain of 1.33 on thermal performance factor is obtained for the case of B/H = 0.75. This indicates that the reverse/re-circulation flow in a channel with transverse grooves can improve the heat transfer rate. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Numerical simulation of flow field and temperature separation in a vortex tube
    (2008-01-01)
    Eiamsa-Ard, Smith
    ;
    A numerical analysis of flow field and temperature separation in a uni-flow vortex tube type is described. Effects of the turbulence modeling (k-ε model and ASM), numerical scheme (hybrid, upwind and second-order upwind) and grid density on calculation of energy separation in the vortex tube are also conducted. It is found that the calculated results are in reasonably good agreement with the experimental data for both the static and total temperatures; the use of the ASM improves slightly the accuracy of the predictions than that the k-ε model. It is also observed that larger temperature gradients appear in the outer regions close to the tube wall for the static temperatures and the separation effect or the difference of the total temperature is high in the core region near the inlet nozzle. The maximum total temperature in the field is visible at the axis location of x/D<inf>o</inf> between 0.5 and 1.0 for the ASM. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Experimental study of combustion characteristics in a rice husk fired vortex combustor
    (2001-12-01) ;
    Silapabanleng, Kulthorn
    This paper presents the study of combustion characteristics of rice husk fuel in an annular vortex combustor (VC). The temperature distributions for selected locations inside the combustor and the fly ash and smoke from its flue gas were measured and observed respectively. Measurements were made by setting a constant mass flow rate of rice husk to be 0.2 kg/min and by varying the equivalence ratio, φ, to be 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2. To study the effect of feeding secondary air on flame stability, three values of the ratio of volumetric flow rates of the secondary air to the total air, (λ), were used and set to be 0.0, 0.2 and 0.4. The experiment shows the maximum temperature of about 1000° C in the upper chamber with less smoke of flue gas. Besides, emissions and the sizes of flyash particles from the exhaust stack can be controlled by the flow rate ratios of the secondary air to the total air, λ The VC shows an excellent performance, low emissions, high stabilization and ease of operation in firing the fine rice husk.
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    Turbulent convection in round tube equipped with propeller type swirl generators
    (2009-04-01)
    Eiamsa-ard, Smith
    ;
    Rattanawong, Sarawut
    ;
    This article is aimed at studying the heat transfer, friction loss and enhancement efficiency behaviors in a heat exchanger tube equipped with propeller type swirl generators at several pitch ratios (PR). The investigation is performed for the Reynolds number ranging from 4000 to 21,000 under a uniform heat flux condition. The experiments are also undertaken for several blade numbers of the propeller (N = 4, 6, and 8 blades) and for different blade angles (θ = 30°, 45°, and 60°). The influences of using the propeller rotating freely, on heat transfer enhancement, pressure loss, and enhancement efficiency, are reported. In the experiments, the swirl generator is used to create a decaying swirl in the tube flow. Average Nusselt numbers are determined and also compared with those obtained from other similar cases. The experimental results indicate that the tube with the propeller inserts provides considerable improvement of the heat transfer rate over the plain tube around 2.07 to 2.18 times for PR = 5, blade angles θ = 60° and N = 8. The use of the propeller leads to maximum enhancement efficiency up to 1.2. Thus, because of strong swirl or rotating flow, the propellers and their blade numbers become influential upon the heat transfer enhancement. The increase in friction factor from using the propeller is found to be 3-18 times over the plain tube. Correlations for Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) for the inserted tube are provided and the performance evaluation criterion to access the real benefits in using the swirl generators of the enhanced tube is also determined. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Heat transfer characteristics in a tube fitted with helical screw-tape with/without core-rod inserts
    (2007-02-01)
    Eiamsa-ard, Smith
    ;
    Effects of insertion of a helical screw-tape with or without core-rod in a concentric double tube heat exchanger on heat transfer and flow friction characteristics are experimentally investigated. The heat exchanger has the outer and the inner tube diameters of 50 mm (D<inf>o</inf>) and 25 mm (D) where the cold and the hot waters used as the test fluids are in shell and tube sides, respectively. The stainless steel helical screw-tape has the geometrical dimensions of width (W) 17 mm with the clearance to the tube wall (D - W) / 2 = 4 mm. Thus, the insertion of the screw-tape in the tube is considered as a loose-fit. In the experiment, the loose-fit helical tape with or without core-rod, is inserted in the inner tube of the heat exchanger and the hot water enters the tube based on its Reynolds number in a range of 2000 to 12,000. The experimental results show that the increases in average Nusselt number of using the loose-fit, helical tape with and without core-rod are found to be 230% and 340%, respectively, over the corresponding plain tube. It is worth noting that for the loose-fit, helical tape without core-rod, the friction factor is around 50% less than that for the one with core-rod while the Nusselt number is about 50% higher. Furthermore, the enhancement efficiency of the helical screw-tapes varies between 1.00 and 1.17, 1.98 and 2.14, for the tapes with and without core-rod, respectively. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Thermal performance in circular tube fitted with coiled square wires
    (2008-05-01)
    The effects of wires with square cross section forming a coil used as a turbulator on the heat transfer and turbulent flow friction characteristics in a uniform heat flux, circular tube are experimentally investigated in the present work. The experiments are performed for flows with Reynolds numbers ranging from 5000 to 25,000. Two different spring coiled wire pitches are introduced. The results are also compared with those obtained from using a typical coiled circular wire, apart from the smooth tube. The experimental results reveal that the use of coiled square wire turbulators leads to a considerable increase in heat transfer and friction loss over those of a smooth wall tube. The Nusselt number increases with the rise of Reynolds number and the reduction of pitch for both circular and square wire coils. The coiled square wire provides higher heat transfer than the circular one under the same conditions. Also, performance evaluation criteria to assess the real benefits in using both coil wires of the enhanced tube are determined. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Thermal enhancement in a round tube with snail entry and coiled-wire inserts
    (2008-05-01)
    Influences of the insertion of coiled wires in conjunction with a snail-type swirl generator mounted at the tube entrance on heat transfer and turbulent flow friction characteristics in a uniform heat-flux, circular tube are experimentally investigated. In the present work, the coiled wire used as a turbulator is placed inside the test tube using air as the test fluid while the snail is employed to create a decaying swirl flow at the tube inlet. The effects of the snail entry and insertion of two different wire-sections of coils: square and circular, with a fixed pitch ratio on heat transfer rate in the tube are examined for the Reynolds number ranging from 5000 to 25,000. The experimental results are compared with those obtained from using coiled wire/snail entry alone, apart from the smooth tube. The results reveal that the presence of coil-wires together with the snail leads to a considerable increase in heat transfer and friction loss over the smooth tube. The snail entry with the coiled square-wire provides higher heat transfer rate than that with the circular one under the same conditions. Also, performance evaluation criteria to assess the real benefits in using both the coil-wire and the snail entry of the enhanced tube are determined. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Turbulent flow heat transfer and pressure loss in a double pipe heat exchanger with louvered strip inserts
    (2008-02-01)
    Eiamsa-ard, Smith
    ;
    Pethkool, Somsak
    ;
    ;
    In the present work, heat transfer and friction characteristics were experimentally investigated, employing louvered strips inserted in a concentric tube heat exchanger. The louvered strip was inserted into the tube to generate turbulent flow which helped to increase the heat transfer rate of the tube. The flow rate of the tube was in a range of Reynolds number between 6000 and 42,000. The turbulent flow devices were consisted of (1) the louvered strips with forward or backward arrangements, and (2) the louvered strip with various inclined angles (θ = 15°, 25° and 30°), inserted in the inner tube of the heat exchanger. In the experiment, hot water was flowed through the inner tube whereas cold water was flowed in the annulus. The experimental data obtained were compared with those from plain tubes of published data. Experimental results confirmed that the use of louvered strips leads to a higher heat transfer rate over the plain tube. The increases in average Nusselt number and friction loss for the inclined forward louvered strip were 284% and 413% while those for the backward louvered strip were 263% and 233% over the plain tube, respectively. In addition, the use of the louvered strip with backward arrangement leads to better overall enhancement ratio than that with forward arrangement around 9% to 24%. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Heat transfer in a circular tube fitted with free-spacing snail entry and conical-nozzle turbulators
    (2007-08-01) ;
    Eiamsa-ard, S.
    The paper presents the effect of a free-spacing snail entry together with conical-nozzle turbulators on turbulent heat transfer and friction characteristics in a uniform heat-flux tube. The insertions of the conical or converging nozzle (C-nozzle) with different pitch ratios (PR) in common with the free-space snail entry are examined in a Reynolds number range from 8000 to 18000. A substantial augmentation of heat transfer for using the C-nozzles and snail entrance is expected by a strong influence from nozzle-induced reverse/re-circulation motion and snail-produced vortex/swirl motion for high Reynolds number. The experimental result shows a considerable increase in friction factor and heat transfer over the plain tube under the same operation conditions. Over the range investigated, the Nusselt numbers for employing both the enhancement devices with PR = 2.0, 4.0 and 7.0 are found to be higher than that for the plain tube around 315%, 300% and 285% respectively. The results obtained are correlated in the form of Nusselt number as a function of Reynolds number, Prandtl number and pitch ratio. For performance comparison at equal pumping power, both the enhancement devices with the smallest pitch ratio perform the best, especially at low Reynolds number. The present results are also compared with correlations obtained from similar enhancement devices but without free-spacing entry. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Numerical investigations of compressible flow and energy separation in a counter-flow vortex
    (2007-01-01)
    Eiamsa-Ard, Smith
    ;
    This paper presents a numerical modelling of the strongly swirling turbulent compressible flow and temperature/energy separation in a counter-flow vortex tube. A comprehensive two-dimensional vortex tube model is developed which incorporates an algebraic Reynolds stress model (ASM). Computations, based on a finite volume method, were carried out by utilising the k- model and the ASM for the closure of the second-order correlation moments in the governing equations. The modelling of turbulence for compressible, complex flows used in the simulation is discussed. The numerical results for a counter-flow vortex tube describe the detailed characteristics of the axial/tangential velocity, static/total pressure, static/total temperature fields based on the k- model and the ASM, which are the important to design and operation of the vortex tube. © 2007 Begell House, Inc.