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    Diversity of Sordariales Fungi: Identification of Seven New Species of Naviculisporaceae Through Morphological Analyses and Genome Sequencing
    (2025-12-01) ;
    Gautier, Valérie
    ;
    Lalanne, Christophe
    ;
    Bonometti, Lucas
    ;
    Cros-Arteil, Sandrine
    Thanks to next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, the diversity of fungi can now be investigated through the analysis of their genome sequences. Naviculisporaceae is a family within the Sordariales, whose diversity is not well-known, with only one genome sequence published for this family. Here, we report on the isolation and cultivation of 20 new strains of Naviculisporaceae. Their genome sequences, as well as those of the five commercially available strains, were determined, thus providing complete genome sequences for 25 new Naviculisporaceae strains. Species delimitation was conducted using a combination of (1) ITS + LSU phylogenetic analysis of the new isolates along with other known species of the family, (2) comparisons between DNA barcode sequences of the new strains with those of the known species, and (3) average genome-wide nucleotide identity calculation. We built a phylogenomic tree and studied the organization of the mating-type locus. In vitro fruiting was obtained for 16 strains, enabling the definition of seven new species, namely Pseudorhypophila gallica, Pseudorhypophila guyanensis Rhypophila alpibus, Rhypophila brasiliensis, Rhypophila camarguensis, Rhypophila reunionensis and Rhypophila thailandica, as well as two new combinations, namely Pseudorhypophila latipes and Pseudorhypophila oryzae. Eight strains for which in vitro fruiting was not obtained may belong to additional new species. These results expand the known diversity of the Naviculisporaceae and greatly enlarge the genomic data available for the family.
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    The Podospora anserina (Rabenh.) Niessl Species Complex in Metropolitan and Overseas France with Description of a New Species, Podospora reunionensis Silar, sp. nov.
    (2025-12-16)
    Silar, Philippe
    ;
    Gautier, Valérie
    ;
    Lalanne, Christophe
    ;
    ;
    Arthur, Marvyn
    Podospora anserina (Rabenh.) Niessl is a model fungus that was shown to belong to a complex of seven species with morphologically indistinguishable sexual fruiting bodies. Through the morphological analyses and ITS (Intergenic Transcribed Spacer) sequences of 86 newly-isolated strains, as well as the genome sequences of five strains, we show that members of the P. anserina species complex present different distribution ranges in metropolitan and overseas France. Podospora anserina is present all-over metropolitan France, including Corsica, while P. comata Milovtz. is restricted to the Northern part and P. pauciseta (Ces.) Traverso to the Southern part of continental France. The Guadeloupe hosts P. pseudoanserina C.Boucher, T.S.Nguyen & P.Silar and La Réunion island a species new to science, described here as Podospora reunionensis Silar, sp. nov. This species is closely related to P. comata, but exhibit clear morphological and biological differences.
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    Isolation, screening wood rot fungi from the tropical forest of Thailand and their lignocellulolytic enzyme production under solid-state fermentation using agricultural waste as substrate
    (2025-01-01)
    Luong, Thi Thu Huong
    ;
    Silar, Philippe
    ;
    ;
    The present study aimed to discover good lignocellulolytic enzyme (LCE) producers from Thailand’s tropical forest and then examine their multiple LCE production (including carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), xylanase, and laccase) using agricultural wastes as substrate. The total collection was 50 fungi, mainly from the Polyporales, Agaricales, and Xylariales orders. During primary screening by qualitative method and secondary screening by quantitative method, two potential fungi were proposed for multiple LCE production, including Auricularia auricula-judae 088 and Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola TDW-48. Under solid-state fermentation (SSF) using agricultural wastes as substrates, P. acaciicola TDW-48 performed as a good producer that highly secreted simultaneous CMCase, xylanase, and laccase. In the next stage, the simplex lattice mixture design assessed the interaction of agricultural waste substrates and their effects on P. acaciicola TDW-48’s enzyme production. The results indicated that agricultural waste has different influences on CMCase, xylanase, and laccase production: orange peel showed a positive effect on both CMCase and xylanase activity, but a negative effect on laccase. In contrast, wheat bran positively influenced laccase, while it limited CMCase and xylanase. However, the combination of these substrates in the mixture showed synergic effects and improved enzyme activity. Through numerical optimization, a ternary mixture of wheat bran (1.27 g), orange peel (1.53 g), and rice husk (0.2 g) was identified as the most appropriate formulation for simultaneous multiple LCE production, reaching 20.96 U/g substrate for CMCase, 23.94 U/g substrate for xylanase, and 27.55 U/g substrate for laccase. These results provided a promising candidate for LCE production with high applicability in lignocellulose bioconversion and successfully demonstrated the relationship between the agricultural waste substrate and multiple LCE production that supported the enzyme production following the environmentally friendly and economical approach.
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    Characterization of the Podospora anserina (Rabenh.) Niessl peroxidase gene family
    (2024-02-15)
    Ferrari, Roselyne
    ;
    Gautier, Valérie
    ;
    ;
    Chan Ho Tong, Laetitia
    ;
    Silar, Philippe
    Major role of peroxidases in plant biomass degradation is well-established in the white rot basidiomycetes. On the contrary, peroxidases are not used for this purpose by brown rot basidiomycetes, which use instead a non-enzymatic mechanism. In the case of the ascomycetes, not much is known although these fungi have peroxidase genes. Here, we identify and characterize the peroxidase genes of Podospora anserina (Rabenh.) Niessl, an ascomycete used to study development and lignocellulose degradation. We show that this fungus has one class II peroxidase, one hybrid B peroxidase, one haloperoxidase, four functional aromatic peroxygenases, one glutathione peroxidase, one cytochrome C peroxidase and one alkyl peroxidase, but lacks a dye peroxidase. We show that potentially secreted peroxidases (i.e., the class II, hybrid B, haloperoxidase and aromatic peroxygenase peroxidases) present a patchy phylogenetic distribution compatible with an accessory role in finely adapting the different fungal species to their ecological niche, rather than being involved in fundamental roles in fungal biology. Accordingly, targeted gene deletions of the different P. anserina peroxidase genes identified only one phenotype, seemingly an alteration of the timing of ascospore maturation at intermediate concentration of vanillic acid. However, direct measure of peroxidase activity did not show drastic loss of activity in the tested mutants, suggesting compensation between the enzymes. Hence, in P. anserina peroxidases appears to have a minor role in biomass degradation, unlike what has been described in white rot fungi, and thus in this regard appears to be similar to the brown rot fungi.