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    Phase Formation, Morphology and Electrical Properties of Lead-Free BNBLT-xBSN Ceramics Synthesized via the Solid-State Combustion Technique
    (2023-01-01)
    Thatawong, Bhoowadol
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    Rittidech, Aurawan
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    Bongkarn, Theerachai
    Lead-free 1-x(Bi<inf>0.47</inf>Na<inf>0.47</inf>Ba<inf>0.06</inf>)<inf>0.95</inf>La<inf>0.05</inf>TiO<inf>3</inf>-xBa(Sn<inf>0.70</inf>Nb<inf>0.24</inf>)O<inf>3</inf> (BNBLT-xBSN) ceramics with x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 mol.% were synthesized by the solid-state combustion technique with a calcination temperature of 750 °C for 2 h and a sintering temperature of 1150 °C for 2 h. The effect of BSN substitution on the phase formation, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties of the BNBLT ceramics was investigated. With the substitution of BSN, the coexisting rhombohedral (R) and tetragonal (T) phases transformed into coexisting R and cubic (C) phase, verified by Rietveld refinement. The C phase increased with increased BSN content. The average grain size decreased from 1.14 to 0.89 µm when x increased to 0.03 and then increased to 0.96 µm. The measured density and maximum dielectric constant (ε <inf>m</inf>) tended to increase from 5.44 to 5.87 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and 1800 to 1942 when x increased to 0.03, then decreased to 5.25 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and 1501, respectively. The remanent polarization (P <inf>r</inf>) and coercive field (E <inf>c</inf>) decreased when x increased to 0.03. The 0.97BNBLT-0.03BSN ceramic exhibited the lowest energy loss density (W <inf>loss</inf> ∼ 0.10 J/cm<sup>3</sup>) and the highest energy-storage efficiency (η ∼ 77.3%) measured under an electric field of 70 kV/cm.
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    Phase Evolution, Microstructure and Electrical Behavior of (Ba0.97Ca0.03)(Ti0.94-x/2Sn0.06-x/2Wx)O3 Ceramics Synthesized via the Solid-State Combustion Technique
    (2022-01-01)
    Udeye, Thanya
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    Onsri, Thanakrit
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    Yotthuan, Surirat
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    Pulphol, Phieraya
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    This research studied the effect of W<sup>4+</sup> substitution on the phase formation, microstructure and electrical properties of (Ba<inf>0.97</inf>Ca<inf>0.03</inf>)(Ti<inf>0.94-x/2</inf>Sn<inf>0.06-x/2</inf>W<inf>x</inf>)O<inf>3</inf> (BCTSW) ceramics with x = 0, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015 and 0.020 mol%. The BCTSW ceramics were synthesized by the solid-state combustion technique, using glycine as fuel. The powders and green pellets of BCTWS were calcined and sintered at 1100 °C for 4 h and 1400 °C for 2 h, respectively. A pure perovskite phase with coexisting orthorhombic and tetragonal phases were observed for all samples. The content of the tetragonal phase increased when x rose, as verified by the Rietveld refinement procedure. The average grain size and the measured density of the samples tended to decrease from 35 ± 0.56 to 1.9 ± 0.12 µm and 5.59 to 4.88 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, respectively, when x increased. The dielectric behavior of the ceramics strongly degenerated upon W<sup>4+</sup> substitution. The undoped BCTS ceramic showed a well-saturated P-E hysteresis loop. With W<sup>4+</sup> substitution, the samples’ P-E loops became unsaturated and a leakage current was created.
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    Fabrication of new (Ba0.97Ca0.03)(Zr0.94Sn0.06)O3 ceramics by the combustion technique
    (2016-01-26)
    Mathrmool, Krailas
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    Bongkarn, Theerachai
    In this study, new (Ba<inf>0.97</inf>Ca<inf>0.03</inf>)(Zr<inf>0.94</inf>Sn<inf>0.06</inf>)O<inf>3</inf> BCZS ceramics were synthesized by the combustion technique using glycine as fuel. The powders and ceramics were calcined from 1,000 to 1,200 °C for 2 h and sintered from 1,500 to 1,675 °C for 2 h. A pure perovskite phase was found in the powder calcined at higher than 1,150 °C and the purity phase of the ceramics was detected in all samples. The average particle size and grain size increased approximately from 73 to 103 nm and from 0.51-1.61μm when firing temperatures increased. The calcined powders exhibited tight agglomerates at low calcination temperatures and they changed to loosely bound agglomerates at higher calcination temperatures. The densest ceramics were discovered in the samples sintered at 1,650 °C. The dielectric constant (ε<inf>r</inf>) and loss factor (tan δ) values measured at 100 kHz of this sample were found to be 44 and 0.01, respectively at room temperature.
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    Phase formation, microstructure and electrical properties of Ba0.9Ca0.1TiO3 ceramics fabricated via the solid-state combustion technique
    (2022-01-01)
    Sonchaopri, Nutkamon
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    Bhupaijit, Pamornnarumol
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    Yotthuan, Surirat
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    Sinkruason, Thanapon
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    Premwichit, Pathit
    In this research, the effects of calcination temperature in a range of 1050–1200 °C for 2 h and sintering temperature in a range of 1325-1400 °C for 2 h on phase formation, microstructure and electrical properties of lead-free Ba<inf>0.9</inf>Ca<inf>0.1</inf>TiO<inf>3</inf> (BCT) ceramics fabricated via the solid-state combustion technique were investigated. For the XRD result, all the ceramics exhibited a coexisting phase between tetragonal and orthorhombic. The ceramic grain size tended to increase with increase of the sintering temperature. For BCT ceramic produced by the optimum sintering temperature (1375 °C for 2 h), the dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of ε <inf>C</inf>=7393, P <inf>r</inf>=7.60 μC/cm<sup>2</sup><inf>,</inf> E <inf>C</inf>=5.99 kV/cm and d <inf>33</inf>=158 pC/N, respectively, were obtained.
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    Effect of Na+ Substitution on the Phase, Microstructure, Electrical and Energy Storage Properties of BSBZNT Ceramics Prepared by the Solid-State Combustion Technique
    (2023-01-01)
    Chongsatan, Wistsarut
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    Didpim, Ratirom
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    Julphunthong, Phongthorn
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    Thatawong, Bhoowadol
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    (Ba<inf>0.704</inf>Sr<inf>0.176</inf>Bi<inf>0.12</inf>)<inf>1-x</inf>Zn<inf>0.08</inf>Nb<inf>0.04</inf>Ti<inf>0.88</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-Na<inf>x</inf> (BSBZNT-xNa) ceramics with x = 0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05 mol%, were prepared by the solid-state combustion technique. The samples were calcined and sintered at 950 °C and 1375 °C, respectively, for 2 h. The phase, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties were investigated. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the BSBZNT-xNa powders showed a perovskite phase for all samples. When x increased from 0-0.03, the average particle size increased from 380 to 480 nm, then decreased to 420 nm. All sintered samples showed the coexistence of the orthorhombic and cubic phases. The average grain size was in the range of 2.03 to 1.39 µm. The BSBZNT-0.01Na ceramic exhibited the highest dielectric properties at room temperature (ɛ<inf>r</inf> = 902, tanδ = 0.10), the lowest remanent polarization (P <inf>r</inf> = 0.10 µC/cm<sup>2</sup>), coercive field (E <inf>c</inf> = 0.43 kV/cm), and the highest energy storage efficiency (η ∼ 94.70%) measured under an electric field of 70 kV/cm.
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    PHASE FORMATION AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF BCLTS CERAMICS SYNTHESIZED VIA THE SOLID-STATE COMBUSTION TECHNIQUE
    (2025-01-01)
    Somsri, Widchaya
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    Charoenthai, Nipaphat
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    Sutthapintu, Aekkasit
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    Noisak, Jitrawan
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    Lead-free Ba<inf>0.93</inf>Ca<inf>0.04</inf>La<inf>0.03</inf>Ti<inf>0.90</inf>Sn<inf>0.10</inf>O<inf>3</inf> (BCLTS) ceramics were fabricated via solid-state combustion technique. The BCLTS powders were calcined in a temperature range of 1075-1175°C for 2h and sintered in a temperature range of 1350-1450°C for 2h. The BCLTS powders exhibited a pure perovskite phase when calcined above 1150°C. All BCLTS ceramic samples displayed a perovskite structure with coexisting cubic and tetragonal phases, with a secondary phase observed only at 1450°C. The growth of grain size was increased with increasing sintering temperature (0.42 to 0.65 μm.). The highest dielectric and ferroelectric properties (ε<inf>r</inf>=3047, tan δ<inf>r</inf> = 0.029, P<inf>max</inf> = 9.52 μC/cm<sup>2</sup>, P<inf>r</inf> = 0.48 μC/cm<sup>2</sup>, E<inf>c</inf>= 1.04 kV/cm) were obtained at the sintering temperature of 1400°C. The altered phase structure in this research, compared to earlier studies, results in distinct outcomes for the dielectric and ferroelectric properties.
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    Phase transition, mechanical, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of perovskite (Pb1-xBax)ZrO3 ceramics
    (2007-01-01) ;
    Bongkarn, Theerachai
    ;
    Rujijanagul, Gobwute
    (Pb<inf>1-x</inf>Ba<inf>x</inf>)ZrO<inf>3</inf> ceramics were prepared in the composition range 0.00≤x≤0.30 by the mixed oxide solid-state reaction method. The samples were kept at the calcination temperature 1000 °C for 1 h and at the sintering temperature 1300 °C for 3 h. The structural phase transitions and the dielectric properties were studied. It was found that the density of the ceramics decreases with increasing amount of Ba<sup>2+</sup>, whilst the average grain size is in the range 1-2.3 μm. The structure of as-calcined powder reveals that the fraction of the orthorhombic phase is decreasing with increasing Ba<sup>2+</sup> content. The values of Vickers and Knoop hardness are in the range of 4.10-6.48 and 4.15-5.67 GPa, respectively. Dielectric measurements show that the antiferroelectric phase (AFE)-ferroelectric phase (FE) and the FE to paraelectric phase (PE) phase transformation temperatures decrease with increasing Ba<sup>2+</sup> concentration. The AFE-FE phase transformation is detected for compositions 0.00≤x≤0.075. The maximum dielectric constant gradually increases with increasing composition up to x=0.20. For higher Ba<sup>2+</sup> concentrations, the lowering of the maximum dielectric value is accompanied by a progressive broadening of the permittivity peak. The d<inf>33</inf> values of the samples increase from ∼0 to 87 pC/N with increasing Ba<sup>2+</sup> concentration from x=0.00 to 0.30. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Direct synthesis and growth mechanism of metal molybdate (AMoO4; A = Ca and Ba) fine particles via the mechanochemical method
    (2017-08-01)
    Janbua, Wanwisa
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    Bongkarn, Theerachai
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    Metal molybdate (AMoO<inf>4</inf>; Ca and Ba) fine particles were synthesized successfully in a simple way using the mechanochemical method under ambient conditions, without surfactants or any capping agents. The effect of milling time on phase formation and morphology was investigated. The functional group and phase formation analyses were carried out using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. XRD revealed that all samples were of a pure tetragonal scheelite structure. FT-IR and Raman analysis exhibited a Mo-O stretching peak of molecular [MoO<inf>4</inf>]<sup>2-</sup>, which related to the scheelite structure. Difference in growth mechanism and morphology was observed significantly in CaMoO<inf>4</inf> and BaMoO<inf>4</inf> particles. The primary CaMoO<inf>4</inf> nanocrystalline was formed in its initial state at 80–100 nm, and tended to aggregate into a peach-like shaped morphology with increasing milling time, while a space shuttle-like morphology formed directly via an oriented attachment mechanism for the BaMoO<inf>4</inf> particle. A possible mechanism for the formation of metal molybdate, with a different milling time, was discussed in detail. It is interesting that this work was able to present a simple way of synthesizing complex oxide materials on a large scale.
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    Effect of the Firing Temperatures on the Phase Evolution and Electrical Properties of 0.85[0.94Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.06BaTiO3]-0.15[Na0.73Bi0.09NbO3] Ceramics Synthesized via the Solid-State Combustion Method
    (2023-01-01)
    Pattanakasem, Wiwat
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    Yotthuan, Surirat
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    Hongsamsibjed, Pakornkiat
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    Suriwong, Tawat
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    Prasertpalichat, Sasipohn
    In this research paper, we describe 0.85[0.94Bi<inf>0.5</inf>Na<inf>0.5</inf>TiO<inf>3</inf>-0.06BaTiO<inf>3</inf>]-0.15[Na<inf>0.73</inf>Bi<inf>0.09</inf>NbO<inf>3</inf>] (BNT-BT-NBN) ceramics fabricated by the solid-state combustion technique. The phase evolution, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties were examined. The BNT-BT-NBN powders and ceramics were calcined and sintered between 650–900 °C and 1100–1175 °C, respectively, for 2 h. All samples showed a typical perovskite structure, as revealed by X-ray diffraction. The Rietveld refinement analysis of the ceramics suggested the samples sintered between 1100 and 1150 °C had coexisting R + T phases, while the R + T+C phases were observed in the ceramics sintered at 1175 °C. The average grain size of the samples increased from 0.52 to 1.39 μm with increased sintering temperature. The density of the ceramics increased from 5.12 to 5.45 g/cm<sup>3</sup> when the sintering temperature increased from 1100 to 1150 °C, and then decreased. Increasing the sintering temperature from 1100 to 1150 °C caused the dielectric constant at T <inf>s</inf> (ε <inf>s</inf>) and the dielectric constant at T <inf>m</inf> (ε <inf>m</inf>) to increase from 1727 to 1945 and 1564 to 1750, respectively, and then ε <inf>s</inf> and ε <inf>m</inf> declined. All BNT-BT-NBN ceramics had good dielectric temperature stability with only a±10% change when the temperature ranged from room temperature to ∼300 °C. The optimum energy-storage properties (W <inf>rec</inf> = 0.62 J/cm<sup>3</sup> and η = 83.2%) were obtained from the BNT-BT-NBN ceramics sintered at 1150 °C for 2 h. This data indicates that BNT-BT-NBN ceramics can be useful as lead-free materials for high density energy-storage capacitors.
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    Item type:Publication,
    ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF Ba0.97Ca0.03Ti0.94Sn0.06O3-Mn0.85Ni0.15Zn0.15Fe2O4 MULTIFERROIC CERAMIC COMPOSITES FABRICATED VIA THE SOLID-STATE COMBUSTION TECHNIQUE
    (2025-01-01)
    Sonchaopria, Nutkamon
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    Meechob, Jirayut
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    Thatawong, Bhoowadol
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    Pinitsoontorn, Supree
    Multiferroic composites with the general formula (1-x)(Ba0.97Ca0.03Ti0.94Sn0.06O3)-x(Mn0.85Ni0.15Zn0.15Fe2O4) (BCTS/MNZF) (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) were prepared using the solid-state combustion method. The structure, morphology, dielectric, ferroelectric, magnetic, and magnetoelectric properties were analyzed. The samples were sintered at 1,300ºC for 2 h. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed tetragonal perovskite, orthorhombic perovskite, and cubic spinel structures corresponding to the BCTS and MNZF phases. Secondary phases (Mn2O3 and SnO) appeared in the sintered samples with x>0.2. Increasing MNZF content enhanced ferrite grain growth in the composites. The dielectric constant showed an overall decreasing trend with increasing MNZF content, with a smaller effect at lower frequencies. At lower frequencies, the dielectric constant declined with increasing frequency before stabilizing around 10 kHz. As ferrite content increased, the density, dielectric constant, and magnetoelectric coefficient (αME) decreased from 5.66 to 5.12 g/cm³, 1388 to 862, and 7.24 to 4.05 mV/cm·Oe, respectively. While the saturation magnetization (Ms) rose substantially from 0.75 to 13.14 emu/g. These findings offer valuable insights into enhancing lead-free multiferroic composite ceramics for targeted applications in magnetoelectric devices.