Now showing 1 - 10 of 11
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    ADSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS USING BIO-CALCIUM CARBONATE DERIVED FROM A GOLDEN APPLE SNAIL (GAS) SHELL
    (2023-01-01)
    Panpho, Phakakorn
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    Kaewmud, Ketkanok
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    Sumang, Rattiphorn
    In this research studied the use of calcium carbonate (CaCO<sup>3</sup>) from golden apple snail (GAS) shells for application as an absorbent material to remove heavy metals in water sources, which replaces commercial calcium carbonate (CaCO<sup>3</sup>) to reduce production costs and increase waste value. The adsorption of heavy metal contents (such as lead; Pb and Cadmium; Cd), phase formation, and physical characterization of golden apple snail shells were investigated for use as a calcium source in the production of naturally based biomaterials. The samples were calcined between 700°C and 950°C for 5 hr. TG and DTA analysis of samples demonstrated the decomposition of CaCO<sup>3</sup> to CaO. The XRD results demonstrated that natural shell powder has a crystal phase of CaCO<sup>3</sup> with an aragonite structure. Furthermore, the CaCO<sup>3</sup> (calcite phase) was transformed into calcium oxide (CaO) as a component, which showed that the phase transformation depended on the calcination temperature. The adsorption experiments showed good performance at about 99.6%, 99.7%, and 97% removal efficiency in a shorter time for calcined GAS at 700, 800, and 900°C, respectively. This study suggests that the golden apple snail shell could be an effective biomaterial for heavy removal from contaminated water.
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    Integration of CCTAO/PDMS composite films into proximity capacitive sensor devices
    (2026-12-01)
    Bongkarn, Theerachai
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    Panpho, Phakakorn
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    Charoonsuk, Thitirat
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    Pakawanit, Phakkhananan
    Flexible capacitive proximity sensors are promising for contactless sensing applications, but their performance is strongly influenced by the dielectric properties and microstructure of the sensing layer. In this work, CaCu<inf>3</inf>Ti<inf>4-x</inf>A<inf>x</inf>O<inf>12</inf>/polydimethylsiloxane (CCTAO/PDMS, A = Nd<sup>3+</sup> or Gd<sup>3+</sup>) composite films were developed as flexible dielectric layers for interdigitated capacitive proximity sensors. Nd- and Gd-doped CCTO ceramics were synthesized by a solid-state reaction method and incorporated into a PDMS matrix at different filler loadings. Structural analysis confirmed that the CCTAO ceramics retained the cubic CCTO phase after rare-earth substitution, while the composite films preserved the characteristic amorphous structure of PDMS with embedded ceramic fillers. The FESEM, EDS mapping and X-ray tomographic microscopy analyses showed that the CCTNdO/PDMS composite had a more uniform distribution of ceramic particles than the CCTO/PDMS system. The dielectric measurements demonstrated the improvement in the dielectric constant of the PDMS-based composites upon CCTNdO incorporation and also indicated that the composites did not exhibit any significant changes in their dielectric properties across the range of frequencies examined. The CCTNdO/PDMS films were found to show the negative capacitance response as a function of distance due to the electric-field shunting mechanism when used in an interdigitated capacitor sensor. The sensor with composition 10 wt% CCTNdO/PDMS had excellent performance with a maximum normalized capacitance change equal to −8.70%, which corresponds to a proximity sensitivity of around 0.42%/mm and an effective sensing range of around 20 mm. It is concluded that the optimization of the loading of the rare-earth material in a flexible PDMS matrix is an effective approach to achieve a compromise between the dielectric enhancement of the sensor and the dispersion of the filler and fringing-field interaction in the contactless capacitive proximity sensor.
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    Enhanced performance of hybrid piezo/triboelectric using BaTiO3/polymer composite film modified with rGO
    (2024-01-01)
    Panpho, Phakakorn
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    Phetphong, Pornphiphat
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    Charoonsuk, Thitirat
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    ;
    Hybrid piezo/triboelectric technology is an emerging energy source that can continuously power small electronic devices by harvesting ambient mechanical energy and converting it into electricity. In this work, a high-performance hybrid piezo/triboelectric device was presented. The composite film was synthesized that co-doped BaTiO<inf>3</inf> powders (BT) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) embedded within a host material made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The hybrid device is made by mixing BT powders into the PDMS to form a series of composite films, ranging from 10% to 45% by wt.%. Additionally, 1–5 wt.% of rGO was loaded into fabricates 40BT/PDMS. The results show that the addition of rGO can improve the uniform dispersion of BT powder in the PDMS matrix. The 4 wt.% of rGO for 40BT/PDMS exhibited the optimal energy harvesting performance among all compositions, achieving notable output voltage and current. This work demonstrates a facile, low-cost approach for obtaining high-performance hybrid piezo/triboelectric by utilizing a composite film BaTiO<inf>3</inf> and polymer (PDMS) modified with rGO.
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    Multiferroic Properties of (1-x)BiFeO3-xBaTiO3 Lead-Free Ceramics
    (2023-01-01)
    Panpho, Phakakorn
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    Intrirak, Kumaret
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    Jantaratana, Pongsakorn
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    Bongkarn, Theerachai
    Lead-free (1-x)BiFeO<inf>3</inf>-xBaTiO<inf>3</inf> ceramics (abbreviated as BF-xBT), in a composition range of 0.23 ≤ x ≤ 0.33 mol%, were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The effect of x content on phase structure, microstructure, magnetic and electrical properties of BF-xBT ceramics is also investigated. With the incorporation of x content, the coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases was observed. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) micrographs revealed that the average grain size of BF-xBT ceramics first decreased and then increased with adding x content. The fracture surface of samples showed a mode of inter-granular fracture and intra-granular fracture. The ferroelectric properties were enhanced by adding x ≥ 0.29 mol% in the BF-xBT system. The dielectric and magnetic properties were improved with a maximum value are ε<inf>r</inf> = 888,711, M <inf>max</inf> = 0.40 emu/g, M <inf>r</inf> = 0.17 emu/g, and H <inf>c</inf> = 3.7 kOe at x = 0.25 mol%.
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    High-performance triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerator enabled by BF-BT-NZN multifunctional ceramic filler
    (2025-10-01)
    Sumang, Rattiphorn
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    Jantaratana, Pongsakorn
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    Charoonsuk, Thitirat
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    Bongkarn, Theerachai
    The development of efficient and flexible energy-harvesting materials is essential for advancing self-powered electronic devices. In this study, we report the fabrication of flexible composite films by incorporating (1-x)(0.75BiFeO<inf>3</inf>-0.25BaTiO<inf>3</inf>)-xNd(Zn<inf>0.67</inf>Nb<inf>0.33</inf>)O<inf>3</inf>,abbreviated as (BF-BT-NZN), ceramic powder into a PDMS matrix, with filler contents ranging from 5 to 25 wt%. The optimized 10 wt% composite film demonstrated a maximum output voltage of 112.24 V and a current of 5.69 µA approximately 11 and 18 times higher than pure PDMS, respectively. Following a poling treatment, the output further increased to 149.54 V and 10.71 µA. The film exhibited excellent flexibility and durability, enabling practical applications such as powering LEDs, a digital watch, and charging capacitors. These results highlight the potential of BF-BT-NZN/PDMS composites as high-performance materials for wearable energy-harvesting applications.
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    High-performance flexible lead-free piezo-antiferroelectric based on NaNbO3/PDMS composites for energy harvesting application
    (2024-12-01)
    Sumang, Rattiphorn
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    Charoonsuk, Thitirat
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    Panpho, Phakakorn
    To bring the rapidly advancing technology of energy harvesters into commercial use, further development is required for devices that can enhance output performance, flexibility, ease of fabrication, and low cost. A hybrid concept is a promising method. It combines between the piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) and the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) to provide a high-performance nanogenerator. This study introduced a high-performance hybrid PENG and TENG device that operates using a NN-BNT/PDMS composite film. The NN-BNT/PDMS composite based nanogenerators were fabricated with varying NN-BNT content. Then, dielectric test and electrical properties were investigated. Adding NN-BNT into the PDMS composite film resulted in a higher dielectric constant compared to pure PDMS, leading to increase of electrical output. Under the optimal condition of a 3 wt%. NN-BNT composite based hybrid nanogenerator, the electrical output was significantly enhanced, reaching 40 V, 0.95 μA/cm<sup>2</sup>, and 200 μW/cm<sup>2</sup> compared to pure PDMS. This nanogenerator further used to the charging of a capacitor to a voltage of around 1 V within 5 s and also powered multiple LEDs. The successful development of this highly efficient NN-BNT/PDMS composite film-based hybrid concept sheds light on energy harvesting devices.
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    Synthesis, Scrutiny, and Applications of Bio-Adsorbents from Cockle Shell Waste for the Adsorption of Pb and Cd in Aqueous Solution
    (2023-04-01)
    Panpho, Phakakorn
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    Sumang, Rattiphorn
    Heavy metals in wastewater represent one of the most serious concerns around the world. They cause significant harm to human health. Cockle shells have been considered a source of calcium carbonate (CaCO<inf>3</inf>), but their shells are disposed of as waste that pollutes the coastal environment. CaCO<inf>3</inf> has attracted considerable attention as an adsorbent for heavy metals. To ensure the meaningful use of cockle shell (CS) waste and achieve a zero-waste production system, in this study, CaCO<inf>3</inf> powder was synthesized from CS. It was characterized using XRD, TA/DTA, FESEM, and AAS. The XRD results illustrated that partial phase changes occur from aragonite (natural shell) to calcite (CaCO<inf>3</inf>), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)<inf>2</inf>), and calcium oxide (CaO) during heating. The calcined CS presented excellent adsorption performance for Pb and Cd. The Pb removal efficiency scores were about 97%, 96%, and 99% and the Cd removal efficiency scores were 100%, 98%, and 99% in a shorter time for calcined CS at 700 °C, 900 °C, and 950 °C, respectively. The results of this study show that the calcium carbonate from CS is an effective and low-cost adsorbent for the adsorption of Pb and Cd in aqueous solution.
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    Flexible hybrid piezo/triboelectric energy harvester based on a lead-free BNT-BT-KNN ceramic-polymer composite film
    (2024-12-01)
    Panpho, Phakakorn
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    Charoonsuk, Thitirat
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    Bongkarn, Theerachai
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    Sumang, Rattiphorn
    Environment-friendly piezoelectric micro/nanogenerators have attracted tremendous attention due to the increasing demand for portable self-power devices. Here, the [(0.94−x)Bi<inf>0.5</inf>Na<inf>0.5</inf>TiO<inf>3</inf>–0.06BaTiO<inf>3</inf>–xK<inf>0.5</inf>Na<inf>0.5</inf>NbO<inf>3</inf>; BNT-BT-xKNN] lead-free ceramic, at x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10 mol%, was prepared via the solid-state method. The doping concentration x = 0.02 mol% shows the highest dielectric properties and the lowest dielectric loss. The active layer of the hybrid device is made by mixing BNT-BT-2KNN into the PDMS to form a series of polymer-ceramic composite films ranging from 7 to 19 wt% of BNT-BT-2KNN. The electrical response of the composite film is systematically studied with the addition of different weight percentages of the particles to the PDMS matrix. It was found that incorporating BNT-BT-2KNN at 11 wt% into the PDMS matrix exhibited the optimum harvesting performance, resulting in an output voltage and current density of about 30 V and 0.28 μA/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The hybridized PENG and TENG devices could operate in a long-term cyclic mode, charge the capacitor for energy storage, and also light up LEDs. This research proposed a simple device fabrication and provided a guideline for the development of high-performance microgenerators, which is crucial for device development and practical use in the future.
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    Next-generation hybrid nanogenerators using giant piezoelectric lead-free KNNS composites for sustainable self-powered electronics
    (2025-01-05)
    Sumang, Rattiphorn
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    Charoonsuk, Thitirat
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    Bongkarn, Theerachai
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    Chiu, Te Wei
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    This study presents a flexible hybrid nanogenerator that utilizes lead-free KNNS-BF-xBNZ materials integrated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to enhance energy harvesting performance. The findings demonstrate that by combining piezoelectric and triboelectric effects, the energy conversion efficiency of the nanogenerator is significantly improved, resulting in high output voltage and current, suitable for real-world applications. Specifically, the optimal composition of KNNS-BF-xBNZ ceramics, with x = 0.03 mol.%, yields superior piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and dielectric properties, with remnant polarization (P<inf>r</inf>), spontaneous polarization (P<inf>s</inf>), and piezoelectric coefficient (d<inf>33</inf>) values reaching 18.8 μmC/cm², 30.3 μmC/cm², and 358 pC/N, respectively. In the hybrid device, incorporating 15 wt% of KNNS-BF-3BNZ into PDMS resulted in the highest open-circuit voltage (V<inf>OC</inf>) of 107 V and short-circuit current (I<inf>SC</inf>) of 4.68 μA. The developed hybrid nanogenerator effectively charges capacitors for energy storage, powers LEDs, and drives small electronic devices, such as watches, showcasing its potential for practical energy harvesting applications. The findings suggest that the integration of KNNS-BF-3BNZ with PDMS provides an efficient and scalable pathway for fabricating high-performance nanogenerators, paving the way for advancements in self-powered devices and sustainable energy solutions.
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    Piezoelectric composite films for real-time foot strike detection and energy generation
    (2025-12-16)
    Panpho, Phakakorn
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    Charoonsuk, Thitirat
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    Charoenthai, Nipaphat
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    Bongkarn, Theerachai
    Energy harvesting technology integrated into running shoes enables the conversion of mechanical energy from foot strikes into electrical signals for real-time monitoring. This approach enhances running efficiency, reduces injury risk, and eliminates the need for external power sources. In this study, composite films combining lead-free piezoelectric ceramics (KNNS-BNZ-xBF) with PDMS were developed for efficient energy harvesting and accurate detection of foot-strike patterns. XRD analysis revealed a broad R–O–T phase coexistence zone (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.006) and a transition to an R–T phase boundary for x > 0.006, with reduced grain size as xBF increased. The sample with xBF = 0.006 mol.% showed optimal electrical properties and was selected for composite film fabrication. Electrical output increased with ceramic loading, reaching maximum open-circuit voltage (V<inf>OC</inf>) and short-circuit current (I<inf>SC</inf>) at 18 wt% KBB due to enhanced piezoelectric response and uniform particle dispersion. The films, mounted on running shoe soles, successfully detected different foot-strike patterns (heel strike, midfoot, and forefoot). This system demonstrates strong potential for wearable sensors in athletic monitoring and injury prevention.