Now showing 1 - 10 of 134
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    Mechanoluminescent-energy harvesting bimodal sensors for self-powered communication sensors
    (2025-09-26)
    Hajra, Sugato
    ;
    Panda, Swati
    ;
    Kaja, Kushal Ruthvik
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    Song, Seongkyu
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    Ryu, Yeonkyeong
    Mechanoluminescence (ML) is the emission of light triggered by mechanical stress. In the meantime, accurate, quantitative force measurement is made possible by piezoelectricity, which transforms mechanical deformation into electrical signals. A deep insight into the mechanical interactions, such as strain-based phenomena, is achieved by integrating ML and piezoelectricity into a single device. In this study, a composite based on ZnS:Cu–polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is developed to achieve this dual functionality for ML-based optical responses and piezoelectric-based electrical output. The presence of piezoelectricity in PDMS–ZnS:Cu composites was traced using piezo force microscopy (PFM) imaging. Various mechanical stimuli of pressing, stretching, and bending are applied to evaluate the performance of the device. Under a force of 5 N, the piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) device generates a voltage of 17 V and a current of 70 nA. Additionally, ML and PENG effects are employed for underwater communications. A signal processing technique is further utilized for the classification of voltage signals produced during underwater communications. This self-powered dual-mode sensor has great potential for use in energy harvesting, wearable technology, and battery-free systems, opening the door to more intelligent and responsive user interfaces.
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    Phase Formation, Morphology and Electrical Properties of Lead-Free BNBLT-xBSN Ceramics Synthesized via the Solid-State Combustion Technique
    (2023-01-01)
    Thatawong, Bhoowadol
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    ;
    Rittidech, Aurawan
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    Bongkarn, Theerachai
    Lead-free 1-x(Bi<inf>0.47</inf>Na<inf>0.47</inf>Ba<inf>0.06</inf>)<inf>0.95</inf>La<inf>0.05</inf>TiO<inf>3</inf>-xBa(Sn<inf>0.70</inf>Nb<inf>0.24</inf>)O<inf>3</inf> (BNBLT-xBSN) ceramics with x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 mol.% were synthesized by the solid-state combustion technique with a calcination temperature of 750 °C for 2 h and a sintering temperature of 1150 °C for 2 h. The effect of BSN substitution on the phase formation, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties of the BNBLT ceramics was investigated. With the substitution of BSN, the coexisting rhombohedral (R) and tetragonal (T) phases transformed into coexisting R and cubic (C) phase, verified by Rietveld refinement. The C phase increased with increased BSN content. The average grain size decreased from 1.14 to 0.89 µm when x increased to 0.03 and then increased to 0.96 µm. The measured density and maximum dielectric constant (ε <inf>m</inf>) tended to increase from 5.44 to 5.87 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and 1800 to 1942 when x increased to 0.03, then decreased to 5.25 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and 1501, respectively. The remanent polarization (P <inf>r</inf>) and coercive field (E <inf>c</inf>) decreased when x increased to 0.03. The 0.97BNBLT-0.03BSN ceramic exhibited the lowest energy loss density (W <inf>loss</inf> ∼ 0.10 J/cm<sup>3</sup>) and the highest energy-storage efficiency (η ∼ 77.3%) measured under an electric field of 70 kV/cm.
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    Titanate Nanosheets/Cellulose Composite Showing Improved Crystallinity and Decreased Water Wettability by Gamma-Irradiation
    (2025-11-25)
    Tariwong, Yaowaluk
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    Pulphol, Phieraya
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    Sangtawesin, Tanagorn
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    Seriwattanachai, Chaowaphat
    ;
    Kanjanaboos, Pongsakorn
    While molecularly thin nanosheets have been increasingly studied as functional coatings, their use as a hydrophobic and γ-irradiation-tolerant component in biologically derived matrices is to be demonstrated. Herein, simple dip-coating was employed to fabricate titanate nanosheets/cellulose composites, which were subjected to γ-irradiation up to 50 kGy. Their surface chemistry was evaluated by water contact angle (WCA) measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Upon irradiation, the WCA of all samples nonmonotonically increased in three stages from ∼29 to 50° (noncoated) and ∼46 to 80° (composite, optimized at ∼1.2 wt %Ti loading, or 0.2 mg·cm<sup>–2</sup>). The titanium content and the 4+ valence did not change with the dose, suggesting the radiolytic stability. The dual surface modification occurs while cellulose fiber morphology and nanoscale mechanical properties are preserved. The increased WCA at the cellulose-part is explained by the γ-irradiation-induced crystallization according to the increased crystallinity index and improved thermal stability. At the other component, nanosheet coating results in increased surface roughness and diminished water–surface interactions. The latter is deduced from DSC measurements of water evaporation from pristine and 50 kGy-irradiated Cs<inf>0.7</inf>Ti<inf>1.825</inf>O<inf>4</inf>layered crystal-a nanosheet precursor. Our work suggests further exploration of nanosheets with diverse structures and compositions as coatings or fillers, which could find applications in γ-irradiation-sterilized barrier films.
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    Calcium Copper Titanate Particles Based Energy Harvesting and Removal of Pharmaceutical Pollutants
    (2025-05-13)
    Kaja, Kushal Ruthvik
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    Behera, Swayam Aryam
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    Das, Bhagyashree
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    Hajra, Sugato
    ;
    Panda, Swati
    In this work, calcium copper titanate oxide (CaCu<inf>3</inf>Ti<inf>4</inf>O<inf>12</inf>, abbreviated as CCTO) was processed employing a solid-state reaction. The properties of CCTO were thoroughly characterized using various characterization tools. The CCTO particles layer and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) acted as triboelectric layers, forming a contact and separation-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). TENG, based on CCTO/PTFE, delivered an output of 74 V and 6 μA. TENG was utilized to harvest energy through various human activities, effectively charging capacitors, and was further attached to a pillow to monitor sleep. The study also evaluated the photocatalytic performance of CCTO for the degradation of doxycycline, achieving 87% efficiency within 45 minutes under visible light. The reaction pathway was thoroughly investigated, and catalyst reusability was examined. CCTO demonstrates potential as a dual-function material, serving both as a photocatalyst for environmental cleanup and as a triboelectric material for energy harvesting.
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    Cellulose-based fabrics triboelectric nanogenerator: Effect of fabric microstructure on its electrical output
    (2023-01-01)
    Khwanming, Rawiwan
    ;
    ; ;
    Charoonsuk, Thitirat
    At present, fabric-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been paid attention and developed for self-power generation systems with wearability for E-textiles, especially cotton. However, there are many commercial cellulose-based fabrics with different fiber characteristics and fabric structures that gain possibility to effect on TENG performance and has been underreported. This work presents the fabrication of the textile TENG by using four types of commercial cellulose-based fabrics as friction layer and compare the electrical output efficiency relating their molecular structure, fabric structure and surface morphology characteristics. As shown by the electrical output, though all fabrics can generate electricity for TENG device, nevertheless, the output signal is different because of their different total surface area of the fabric, affecting by different microstructure. The rayon fabric contains the smallest size fiber with highest surface area at the same woven structure. The obtained output voltage (V<inf>OC</inf>) and current (I<inf>SC</inf>) of ~23 V and ~13 μA are ~1.8 times higher than most studied cotton fabric. This research demonstrated the importance of the microstructure and surface area of the fabrics that significantly affect TENG properties. The investigation in this work will useful and knowledgeable to select fabric materials before improving and using them for energy harvesting devices.
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    Tailoring charge affinity, dielectric property, and band gap of bacterial cellulose paper by multifunctional Ti2NbO7 nanosheets for improving triboelectric nanogenerator performance
    (2023-02-01)
    Sriphan, Saichon
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    Pharino, Utchawadee
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    Charoonsuk, Thitirat
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    Pulphol, Phieraya
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    Pakawanit, Phakkhananan
    Transparent, flexible, and high-performance triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) from nature-derived materials are required for sustainable society development. However, low triboelectricity from natural material is generally observed. Tunable electronic band diagram (EBD) through facile manipulation is one of the efficient methods to promote the TENG output, requiring fundamental, in depth understanding. Herein, we employed the high quality, single crystal-like Ti<inf>2</inf>NbO<inf>7</inf> nanosheets (NSs) with dual dielectric and semiconducting properties as filler for bacterial cellulose (BC)-based TENG. Several techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), ultraviolet—visible (UV—vis) absorption, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) were applied to characterize the long-range structure, microstructure, optical properties, elemental composition, and three-dimensional (3D) distribution of components in the composites. The semi-transparent and flexible 5 vol.% Ti<inf>2</inf>NbO<inf>7</inf> NSs/BC preserved the integrity of cellulose, contained well-dispersed nanosheets, reduced optical band gap (4.20 vs. 5.75 eV for BC), and increased surface roughness. The dielectric permittivity and conductivity increased with nanosheets content. Adding negatively-charged Ti<inf>2</inf>NbO<inf>7</inf> NSs could regulate the charge affinity of BC composite via shifting of Fermi energy over that of Al. It is found that adding 5 vol.% NSs into the BC film improved electrical outputs (~ 36 V and ~ 8.8 µA), which are 2–4 times higher than that of pure BC, even when paired with Al which lies adjacent in triboelectric series. Our work demonstrated the method to enhance BC-based TENG performance through EBD regulation using multifunctional Ti<inf>2</inf>NbO<inf>7</inf> NSs. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
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    The Y3+ Donor-Doped CCTO (Ca0.95Y0.05Cu3Ti4O12) Dielectric Fillers for Electrical Output Enhancement of Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerator
    (2026-06-03)
    Saichompoo, Kittipan
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    Rattanawongwiboon, Thitirat
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    Kingkam, Wilasinee
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    Pakawanit, Phakkhananan
    ;
    The escalating wearable electronic devices with their flexible energy sources demand has rendered the imperative scientific challenge on the development of materials for the flexible triboelectric nanogenerators (F-TENG), one of advanced energy harvesting systems. Dielectric material optimization, the Y<sup>3+</sup> donor-doped calcium copper titanate based on exactly stoichiometric Ca<inf>0.95</inf>Y<inf>0.05</inf>Cu<inf>3</inf>Ti<inf>4</inf>O<inf>12</inf> (CCTYO), serves as a critical pathway in this work for achieving enhanced F-TENG via compositing with the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer. The enhancement of electrical output has garnered substantial interest owing to its increased relative permittivity ((Formula presented.)). The influence of the loaded CCTYO amounts on structure, morphologies, dielectric properties, and electrical output, including open-circuit voltage (V<inf>OC</inf>), short-circuit current (I<inf>SC</inf>) and power density for PDMS/CCTYO composites is investigated. As compared with loading undoped CCTO, the additional Y<sup>3+</sup> can improve higher F-TENG output by increasing the (Formula presented.) along with maintaining the loss tangent (tan δ < 0.02) at optimized condition. The appropriate amounts of CCTYO 0.75 wt% make the PDMS/CCTYO F-TENG to achieve V<inf>OC</inf> of ∼76.4 V (8.5 V/cm<sup>2</sup>) and I<inf>SC</inf> of ∼130.0 μA (14.4 μA/cm<sup>2</sup>), which were higher than pristine PDMS for 2.7 and 4.3 times. The power density of 53 µW/cm<sup>2</sup> is 8.9 times higher than that of 6.3 µW/cm<sup>2</sup> from the pristine PDMS. This study also provides a COMSOL multiphysics simulation, bridging laboratory experiments, for quantifying the triboelectric capability of dielectric materials.
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    Effect of Na+ Substitution on the Phase, Microstructure, Electrical and Energy Storage Properties of BSBZNT Ceramics Prepared by the Solid-State Combustion Technique
    (2023-01-01)
    Chongsatan, Wistsarut
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    Didpim, Ratirom
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    Julphunthong, Phongthorn
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    Thatawong, Bhoowadol
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    (Ba<inf>0.704</inf>Sr<inf>0.176</inf>Bi<inf>0.12</inf>)<inf>1-x</inf>Zn<inf>0.08</inf>Nb<inf>0.04</inf>Ti<inf>0.88</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-Na<inf>x</inf> (BSBZNT-xNa) ceramics with x = 0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05 mol%, were prepared by the solid-state combustion technique. The samples were calcined and sintered at 950 °C and 1375 °C, respectively, for 2 h. The phase, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties were investigated. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the BSBZNT-xNa powders showed a perovskite phase for all samples. When x increased from 0-0.03, the average particle size increased from 380 to 480 nm, then decreased to 420 nm. All sintered samples showed the coexistence of the orthorhombic and cubic phases. The average grain size was in the range of 2.03 to 1.39 µm. The BSBZNT-0.01Na ceramic exhibited the highest dielectric properties at room temperature (ɛ<inf>r</inf> = 902, tanδ = 0.10), the lowest remanent polarization (P <inf>r</inf> = 0.10 µC/cm<sup>2</sup>), coercive field (E <inf>c</inf> = 0.43 kV/cm), and the highest energy storage efficiency (η ∼ 94.70%) measured under an electric field of 70 kV/cm.
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    Na2O-Gd2O3-Al2O3-P2O5 glass scintillator doped with Dy3+: X-rays and proton responses
    (2023-01-01)
    Wantana, N.
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    Kaewnuam, E.
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    Tariwong, Y.
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    Quang, Nguyen Duy
    ;
    Pakawanit, P.
    Dy<sup>3+</sup>:Na<inf>2</inf>O-Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-Gd<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> (Dy:NAGP) glasses were fabricated to investigate the capability for radiation responses. The influence of Dy<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> concentration on glass properties was studied. The density and effective atomic number of glass increased with the addition of Dy<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> content. The glasses absorbed the photons in the ultraviolet, visible light, and near-infrared region. In photoluminescence (PL) spectra, the obvious yellow emission at 574 nm and blue emission at 482 nm of Dy<sup>3+</sup> were both generated by the direct excitation and the Gd-Dy energy transfer. The PL decay time of glasses was in the millisecond order. There was thermal quenching observed in temperature-dependent luminescence (TDL). The radioluminescence (RL) and protonluminescence (PrL) represented the emission pattern of Dy<sup>3+</sup> similarly to PL spectra. The concentration quenching caused 0.50Dy:NAGP glass with the highest PL and RL emission intensity. The X-ray imaging of developed glass using a synchrotron light source was successfully imaged for the first time.
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    Highly Flexible Tribovoltaic Nanogenerator Based-on P-N Junction Interface: Comparative Study on Output Dependency Dominated by Photovoltaic Effect in Freestanding-Mode
    (2023-10-18)
    Sriphan, Saichon
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    Worathat, Supakarn
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    Pharino, Utchawadee
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    Chanlek, Narong
    ;
    Pakawanit, Phakkhananan
    The emergence of tribovoltaic nanogenerators (TVNGs) paves the way for developing a new kind of semiconductor-based energy harvester that overcomes the restriction of low output current in a conventional approach. The traditional TVNG generally depends on the frictional pair between two rigid semiconductors (or metal-semiconductor), limiting the practicability of flexible and portable electronics. Recent developments require the fundamental understanding of charge generation in diverse operating modes and structures. Here, a flexible TVNG based on the p-Cu<inf>2</inf>O/n-g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> interface is presented. Operating in a freestanding mode, the proposed TVNG can generate a stable signal in any optical conditions including UV illumination, dark, and ambient. Under UV illumination, the electrical outputs of the TVNG reach 0.43 V and 2.1 µA cm<sup>−2</sup>, which are significantly larger than those obtained from dark and ambient conditions. The results demonstrate the coupling effect of three phenomena: tribovoltaic, photovoltaic, and triboelectric effects, and the unique mechanism to the observed signal is proposed. Additionally, the TVNG shows the practical feasibility of energy harvesting with capacitor charging and charge-boosting circuits. This study showcases the unique concept with potential for developing a novel flexible nanogenerator in many aspects, including material, structure, and fundamental mechanism.