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    Optimization of Salt-Leaching Parameters for Gelatin/Na2Ti3O7 Scaffolds Using a Mixture Design Experiment
    (2022-02-01)
    Sangkatip, Rittichai
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    Jongwuttanaruk, Kaona
    The purpose of this research was to learn the formation of biomedical scaffold material from gelatin by using titanate (Na<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>3</inf>O<inf>7</inf>), which is a newly synthesized derivative of titanium dioxide (TiO<inf>2</inf> ) with gelatin. It was prepared by mixed several solutions and cross-linked molecules by heating and salt-leaching. The biomedical scaffold was formed, and its porosity depended on the size of the salt crystal. The mixture was designed by using a mixture design with three factors: gelatin, titanate, and deionized water to determine the optimal mixture for the tensile strength of the biomedical scaffold. The microstructure of the biomedical scaffold was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings revealed that Na<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>3</inf>O<inf>7</inf> thoroughly pen-extracted the biomedical scaffold, and the tensile strength of the gelatin/titanate scaffold was higher than the biomedical scaffold, which was formed using pure gelatin. By using the mixture design technique, the 14.73% gelatin, 0.2% Na<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>3</inf>O<inf>7</inf>, and 85.07% DI water got the highest yield of tensile strength (1508.15 kP). This was an about 4.88% increase in the tensile strength property when compared with using TiO<inf>2</inf> .
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    Gelatin/Na2Ti3O7 Nanocomposite Scaffolds: Mechanical Properties and Characterization for Tissue Engineering Applications
    (2023-05-01)
    Sangkatip, Rittichai
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    Jongwuttanaruk, Kaona
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    Materials and manufacturing technologies are necessary for tissue engineering and developing temporary artificial extracellular matrices. In this study, scaffolds were fabricated from freshly synthesized titanate (Na<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>3</inf>O<inf>7</inf>) and its precursor titanium dioxide and their properties were investigated. The scaffolds with improved properties were then mixed with gelatin to form a scaffold material using the freeze-drying technique. To determine the optimal composition for the compression test of the nanocomposite scaffold, a mixture design with three factors of gelatin, titanate, and deionized water was used. Then, the scaffold microstructures were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the porosity of the nanocomposite scaffolds. The scaffolds were fabricated as a nanocomposite and determined their compressive modulus values. The results showed that the porosity of the gelatin/Na<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>3</inf>O<inf>7</inf> nanocomposite scaffolds ranged from 67% to 85%. When the mixing ratio was 100:0, the degree of swelling was 22.98%. The highest swelling ratio of 85.43% was obtained when the freeze-drying technique was applied to the mixture of gelatin and Na<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>3</inf>O<inf>7</inf> with a mixing ratio of 80:20. The specimens formed (gelatin:titanate = 80:20) exhibited a compressive modulus of 30.57 kPa. The sample with a composition of 15.10% gelatin, 2% Na<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>3</inf>O<inf>7</inf>, and 82.9% DI water, processed by the mixture design technique, showed the highest yield of 30.57 kPa in the compression test.
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    Preparation and characterization of the Na2Ti3O7: ABS/Na2Ti3O7 composites
    (2017-01-01)
    Sangkatip, Rittichai
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    Titanate Ribbon (Na<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>3</inf>O<inf>7</inf>) used in ABS plastic was synthesized to study the mechanical properties and to conduct test on the E-coli bacteria inhibition performance. The polymer blends of ABS/Na<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>3</inf>O<inf>7</inf> by Na<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>3</inf>O<inf>7</inf>, was synthesized through alkaline hydrothermal reaction with 0.5 grams of titanium dioxide as a precursor with 20 ml. of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at the concentration of 10 molar under the alkalinity at 200°c for 24 hours. The study on the microstructure by scanning electron microscope revealed that the Layered structure was shaped as a complete ribbon. The mechanical testing activities on the E-coli bacteria inhibition polymer mixed ABS/Na<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>3</inf>O<inf>7</inf>; it was found that the mechanical properties for ABS/Na<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>3</inf>O<inf>7</inf>, The results showed that tensile modulus and tensile strength of blending Na<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>3</inf>O<inf>7</inf> at 0.5 %wt was the highest. The result showed that E.coli could reduce up to 66.01%.
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    Antibacterial and mechanical properties of the TiO2/ABS composites
    (2017-01-01)
    Sangkatip, Rittichai
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    The aim of this present work is to enhance photoantibacterial performance on a surface of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) by mixing titanium dioxide (TiO<inf>2</inf>). The influences of different ratios for TiO<inf>2</inf> under UV light irradiation were investigated according to JIS Z 2801: 2010 standard. 0.5%, 1% and 2% TiO<inf>2</inf>/ABS were formed by melting process with internal mixer and compression molding process. E.coli were chosen as a model of bacteria. The best photoantibacterial activity was provided by 0.5% TiO<inf>2</inf>/ABS. The result showed that E.coli could reduce up to 46.95%. However, a higher amount of TiO<inf>2</inf> (i.e., 1% and 2% TiO<inf>2</inf>/ABS) obstructed the reaction, and E.coli was reduced to 42.6% and 36.08%, respectively. This was due to its aggregation observed from SEM image. For mechanical properties for TiO<inf>2</inf>/ABS, The results showed that tensile modulus and tensile strength of blending TiO<inf>2</inf> at 0.5 %wt was the highest but the tensile was decreased when increasing TiO<inf>2</inf> in polymer blended.