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    Changes in the activity of enzymes associated with enzymatic browning and chemical composition during Musa sapientum Linn. 'Kluai Khai' banana fruit ripening
    (2023-07-01)
    Makboriboon, N.
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    The results showed that the initial firmness of banana fruit harvested at the raw stage was 7 N and decreased to less than 2 N at overripe and very ripe stages. The total soluble solids increased throughout the ripening period, whereas the titratable acidity maintained a high level during the ripening process. The banana peel stayed green during the raw stage, and the yellow color formed between the unripe stage to the overripe stage. The lightness of the banana peel increased from the raw stage to the ripe stage, decreased at the overripe stage, and then dropped sharply at the very ripe stage. This color change was linked to the browning incidence of the fruit peel and an increasing browning area and soluble browning pigment content. The PPO and POD showed a low activity at the raw stage and then increased with advancing ripening and maintained a significantly higher level than the raw fruit. The findings of this study exhibited that the ripening stages of the 'Kluai Khai' banana influence the firmness, peel color, and browning incidence of the fruit peel and the polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities.
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    Induced mutation of curcuma hybrid cv. sweetmemory through tissue culture by ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS)
    (2025-01-01)
    Yoosumran, V.
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    Ruamrungsri, S.
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    Akarapisarn, A.
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    The ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) is induced mutation in Curcuma hybrid cv. sweetmemory. The shoot size 1 cm were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 2 mg/l BA for plantlet induction. After 8 weeks of culture, it was observed that the shoots soaked in 0% EMS at 60 and 120 minutes survived 100%. In additions it was found the highest percentage of shoot emergence, number of shoots, and plant height. While plants treated with EMS solution had decreased survival and growth rates. Thereafter, existing plantlets were potted, and growth was observed. It turned out that the plants none receiving EMS solution (control) had the survival rate and growth rate were better than those of the plants receiving EMS solution. Results showed that control plants receiving 0% EMS at 60 minutes gave highest content of chlorophyll a as 4.06 µg/cm<sup>2</sup>, chlorophyll b of 2.08 µg/cm<sup>2</sup> and carotenoid of 3.09 µg/cm<sup>2</sup> but there was none statistical difference with the plants that received EMS solution. The control plants had larger stomata sizes than those that received the EMS solution. However, there was no difference in the number of chloroplasts among treatments. The living plantlets from all treatments were tested Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker and genomic DNA was extracted from fresh leaves. A dendrogram was constructed polymorphic bands using the NTSYSpc program (version 2.10p) showing 2 clusters which separated with similarity coefficients ranging from 0.74-1.00.
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    The effect of BA on inducing shoots of Philodendron erubescent 'Pink Princes' in vitro
    (2023-11-01)
    Chiewchan, N.
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    The study investigated the influence of plant growth regulator on the induction of direct shoots from node explants of Philodendron erubescens 'Pink Princes' in vitro condition. The result showed that the most of width, length, and height was observed in MS + BA 0.5 mg/l, measuring 3.40 cm × 3.22 cm × 1.96 cm and 1.74 g fresh weight. The highest number of shoots was consistently observed 60.44 shoots per nodal MDA content (1.91 nmol/g FW) and phenolic content (9.51 mg GAE/g FW) are lowest. The explant was cultured on MS medium performed highest chlorophyll content (chl A 213.96 μg/g FW, chl B 162.54 μg/ FW, total chlorophyll 304.64 μg/FW) and carotenoid content (2.61 μg/g FW) Moreover, they were the largest plant with green leaves when compared to another treatment.
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    Lotus flower extract as a natural anti-browning agent for fresh romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia)
    (2023-11-01)
    Pradabkun, N.
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    Yeamsuriyotai, K.
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    The effect of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.), butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) and Siam tulip (Curcuma sessilis) aqueous extract on reduction of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) in romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) were evaluated. Results showed that in vitro lotus flower aqueous extract exerted the highest reduction of PPO and POD activities on the romaine lettuce. The effectiveness of in vivo application of lotus flower aqueous extract to control browning cut stem ends of fresh romaine was examined. Romaine lettuce harvested as a whole plant and cut off at the stem. Cut stem ends of romaine lettuce were dipped in various concentrations of lotus flower extract for 5 min and packaged in polypropylene plastic bags. Weight loss, color, browning index as well as PPO and POD activities were evaluated during 12 days of storage at temperature of 10±2°C and relative humidity 50±5%. Cut stem ends dipped in 0.5% aqueous extract of lotus flower resulted in inhibition of browning of cut stem ends and decrease in PPO and POD activities. Thus, exogenous 0.5% aqueous lotus flower extract treatment could be a useful application to alleviate browning in cut stem ends of fresh romaine lettuce.
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    Micropropagation of young inflorescence Curcuma hybrid In vitro
    (2022-05-01)
    Yoosumran, V.
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    Ruamrungsri, S.
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    Akarapisarn, A.
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    Five cultivars of curcuma hybrid consisted of 3 Paracurcuma and 2 Eucurcuma young inflorescences were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0, 0.5 and 1 mg/l NAA and BA for 8 weeks. It was found that young inflorescences Paracurcuma hybrid Curcuma ‘Yuki’ cultured on MS medium supplement with the 1 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l BA were able to induce the most shoots at 2.67 shoots, with the highest percentage of shoots (80.00%) and the average plant height is 5 cm. For Curcuma ‘Burgundy’ and Curcuma ‘Phonphisit’ cultured on MS medium supplement with 1 mg/l NAA and 1 mg/l BA, they were able to induce the most shoots at 1.66 and 1.78 shoots, the highest percentage of shoots is 73.33 and 76.67% respectively and the average plant height is 5 cm. The other cultivars Eucurcuma consist of Curcuma ‘Sweetmemory’ and Curcuma ‘Banrai Red’. The young inflorescences were divided into 2 parts, the upper and the lower one. The result shows that the lower shoot induction is better than upper one. Curcuma ‘Sweetmemory’ grown on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l BA were able to induce the most shoots at 2.38 shoots, and the highest percentage of shoots is 83.33%. Curcuma ‘Banrai Red’ grown on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA and 1 mg/l BA were able to induce the most shoots at 1.98 shoots, the highest percentage of shoots is 63.33% and both cultivars were the same height average at 5 cm.
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    The effect of timing and storage temperature on pollen viability and pollen germination in Zephyranthes Hybrid
    (2022-03-01) ; ;
    The effect of timing and storage temperature on pollen viability and pollen germination in Zephyranthes hybrid on eight cultivars i.e. 'Red Candy', 'Bright Eye', 'Golden Mango', 'POS', 'Lookmai', 'Island Breeze', 'Madam Butterfly' and 'Paradee' were studied. The results showed that the low temperature stored pollen maintained a higher germination percentage than the one stored in the room temperature for 4-8 days in which the germination percentage decreased when the storage period increased in all cultivars. Moreover, the interaction between the 2 factors showed that the pollen germination percentage was declined for 4 or 8 days when stored at low temperatures (15.59-27.96% or 10.10-19.25%). Therefore, the optimal time of pollination in Z. hybrid should do at 09.00-11.00 a.m. and stored at 5°C for pollen viability and germination. 'Bright Eye' and 'Island Breeze' could be maintained for 12 days, but 'Golden Mango', 'Red Candy', 'POS', 'Madam Butterfly', 'Lookmai' and 'Paradee' could be maintained only for 8 days.
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    Influence of plant growth regulators on shoot development of Chrysanthemums
    (2024-01-01)
    Boonkamjat, T.
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    Plant nodes were cultured on MS mediums supplemented with multiple concentrations of plant growth regulators. Sunny Snow produced the largest callus of 1.19×1.19 cm and obtained 93.33% of new shoots with 10 . 0 0 shoots per callus, and 0. 84 g callus fresh weight, when grew in MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BA + 0.1 mg/l IAA as compared to the control which no callus was produced. After 20 weeks of culturing, the second set showed that the control treatment of Sunny Snow gave the highest stem growth and the best canopy size of 9.00 and 5.60 cm respectively. Chompoo Phan gave the highest scores of chlorophyll content, i.e., chl a 652.14 µg/g FW, chl b 332.47 µg/g FW and carotenoid 165.92 µg/g FW. Besides, MDA appeared to be highest, 17.37 nmol/g FW when cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BA + 0.1 mg/l IAA.
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    Peppermint essential oil extends the vase life of the cut Dendrobium orchid ‘White Sanan’
    The vase life of cut orchid flowers is significantly extended by preservative solutions containing silver compounds. However, these compounds are toxic and require careful handling and disposal. As a result, the demand is increasing for natural preservation materials such as plant essential oils as they are biodegradable, ecofriendly, and safe alternatives for enhancing vase life and postharvest cut flower quality. The objective of this investigation was to study the effects of an emulsion of glucose and peppermint essential oil on vase life and postharvest quality of the popular cut Dendrobium orchid ‘White Sanan’. The orchids were preserved in vase solutions of distilled water or 4% glucose + 0.005-0.02% peppermint essential oil. The essential oil treatment increased the vase life of the flowers and the inflorescences by more than 6 days longer than the control treatment. The combination of glucose and peppermint essential oil increased water uptake and the fresh weight of cut orchids and delayed wilting time and abscission of floral buds and open florets. Moreover, treatment with the vase solution containing 4% glucose + 0.005% peppermint essential oil resulted in the highest bud opening rate (86.9%). Our results suggest that applying 4% glucose and 0.005-0.02% peppermint essential oil is especially effective as a preservative solution for the Dendrobium orchid ‘White Sanan’.