Now showing 1 - 10 of 11
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    Near-infrared hyperspectral imaging for predicting the quality of SO2 pre-treated and dehydrated mango
    (2025-08-01)
    Aozora, Wayan Dipasasri
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    Tantinantrakun, Achiraya
    ;
    Thompson, Anthony Keith
    ;
    Prediction for quality indices of SO<inf>2</inf> pre-treated and dehydrated mango was accessed by NIR-HSI. Models for predicting TSS and SO<inf>2</inf> content achieved R = 0.82; RMSEP = 2.42% and R = 0.83; RMSEP = 56.40 mg/kg, respectively. Visualization of TSS and SO<inf>2</inf> content could be presented by predictive images.
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    Assessing the Levels of Robusta and Arabica in Roasted Ground Coffee Using NIR Hyperspectral Imaging and FTIR Spectroscopy
    (2022-10-01)
    Sahachairungrueng, Woranitta
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    Meechan, Chanyanuch
    ;
    Veerachat, Nutchaya
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    Thompson, Anthony Keith
    ;
    It has been reported that some brands of roasted ground coffee, whose ingredients are labeled as 100% Arabica coffee, may also contain the cheaper Robusta coffee. Thus, the objective of this research was to test whether near-infrared spectroscopy hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) or Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRs) could be used to test whether samples of coffee were pure Arabica or whether they contained Robusta, and if so, what were the levels of Robusta they contained. Qualitative models of both the NIR-HSI and FTIRs techniques were established with support vector machine classification (SVMC). Results showed that the highest levels of accuracy in the prediction set were 98.04 and 97.06%, respectively. Quantitative models of both techniques for predicting the concentration of Robusta in the samples of Arabica with Robusta were established using support vector machine regression (SVMR), which gave the highest levels of accuracy in the prediction set with a coefficient of determination for prediction (R<inf>p</inf><sup>2</sup>) of 0.964 and 0.956 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 5.47 and 6.07%, respectively. It was therefore concluded that the results showed that both techniques (NIR-HSI and FTIRs) have the potential for use in the inspection of roasted ground coffee to classify and determine the respective levels of Arabica and Robusta within the mixture.
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    Assessing adulterated pineapple juice concentrate using electrical properties
    (2025-01-01)
    Tantinantrakun, Achiraya
    ;
    Sinsamut, Varisara
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    Apairat, Nuengruthai
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    Smutrakalin, Thirapol
    ;
    Thompson, Anthony Keith
    The fraudulent addition of sugars to pineapple juice concentrate undermines consumer trust and satisfaction. Resistance (R), capacitance (C), dissipation factor (D), inductance (L), quality factor (Q), impedance (Z) and phase angle (θ) in the range of 0.012–200 kHz of juice adulterated with sugar increasing levels from 0 to 95% at 0.5% (w/w) intervals were tested to determine whether they could be used for detecting adulteration in pineapple juice concentrate using a LCR (inductance, capacitance, resistance) meter. A multiple linear regression (MLR) model was developed for predicting the concentration of additive sugars in samples. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used for classifying pure pineapple juice concentrate and pineapple juice concentrate adulterated with added sugars. The most accuracy in the MLR model was obtained from θ, which achieved a correlation coefficient of prediction (R<inf>p</inf>) of 0.977 and a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 5.88% w/w. From the LDA analysis, the most accurate parameter for classification was C, which yielded a predictive classification accuracy of 94.57%. Therefore, this technique indicates its potential for use in the fruit juice industry a simple method for routinely testing in order to ensure the non-contamination of products offered for sale to consumers.
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    Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging to Predict Intact Sweet Tamarind Fruit Quality
    (2026-07-01)
    Sahachairungrueng, Woranitta
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    Aozora, Wayan Dipasasri
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    Tantinantrakun, Achiraya
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    Suwapanich, Rachit
    ;
    Workhwa, Saranya
    The quality of sweet tamarind fruit, as determined by its total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and TSS/TA ratio, is important for consumer satisfaction. Nondestructive techniques are therefore required to assess the quality of sweet tamarind fruit. This study investigated whether near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) in the wavelength range of 935–1720 nm can be used as a non-destructive method to assess TSS, TA, and the TSS/TA ratio of sweet tamarind fruit and to classify it under commercial standards. NIR-HSI-based chemometric and machine-learning modeling was applied for quantification and qualification analyses. Calibration models for determining TSS, TA, and the TSS/TA ratio were developed using partial least squares regression (PLSR) and support vector machine regression (SVMR). A combination of first derivative and SNV spectral pretreatment was optimized to establish an SVMR model for TSS determination. MSC spectral pretreatment was optimized to develop the SVMR model for TA assessment, and the first derivative spectral pretreatment was optimized to establish an SVMR model for the TSS/TA ratio. Correlation coefficients of prediction (R<inf>p</inf>) of 0.959, 0.961 and 0.957 were obtained with root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) of 1.102%, 0.369% and 7.850, and a ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) of 3.29, 3.52 and 3.34 for the TSS, TA, and TSS/TA ratio evaluations, respectively. Partial least squares–discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and support vector machine classification (SVMC) were used for classifying sweet tamarind fruit under a commercial acidity standard (≤4%). The SVMC with SNV spectral pretreatment produced the best prediction results for distinguishing standard and off-standard sweet tamarind fruit with an 82.86% accuracy. NIR HSI can be used to non-destructively predict the quality of tamarind fruit. It can be applied for online sorting to evaluate individual sweet tamarind fruits for grading and quality control in factory environments.
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    Assessment of Nitrite Content in Vienna Chicken Sausages Using Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging
    (2023-07-01)
    Tantinantrakun, Achiraya
    ;
    Thompson, Anthony Keith
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    Terdwongworakul, Anupun
    ;
    Sodium nitrite is a food additive commonly used in sausages, but legally, the unsafe levels of nitrite in sausage should be less than 80 mg/kg, since higher levels can be harmful to consumers. Consumers must rely on processors to conform to these levels. Therefore, the determination of nitrite content in chicken sausages using near infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) was investigated. A total of 140 chicken sausage samples were produced by adding sodium nitrite in various levels. The samples were divided into a calibration set (n = 94) and a prediction set (n = 46). Quantitative analysis, to detect nitrate in the sausages, and qualitative analysis, to classify nitrite levels, were undertaken in order to evaluate whether individual sausages had safe levels or non-safe levels of nitrite. NIR-HSI was preprocessed to obtain the optimum conditions for establishing the models. The results showed that the model from the partial least squares regression (PLSR) gave the most reliable performance, with a coefficient of determination of prediction (R<inf>p</inf>) of 0.92 and a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 15.603 mg/kg. The results of the classification using the partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed a satisfied accuracy for prediction of 91.30%. It was therefore concluded that they were sufficiently accurate for screening and that NIR-HSI has the potential to be used for the fast, accurate and reliable assessment of nitrite content in chicken sausages.
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    Transient heat modeling for non-destructive assessment of boiled eggs
    (2023-10-01)
    Sahachairungrueng, Woranitta
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    Tonpho, Pasika
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    Veeradechakul, Mungkarej
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    Rosnim, Thitirat
    ;
    Thompson, Anthony Keith
    It is not possible to differentiate between hard-boiled and soft-boiled eggs after processing. Therefore, transient heat of boiled eggs was tested during the production process in order to develop a model that could be used to differentiate between soft-boiled and hard-boiled eggs. Both types of boiled eggs (N=214) were produced in water at 90 °C for different times and then cooled down. The temperature gradients due to heat transfer during cooling in the ambient air were measured every 30 seconds. Results showed that a dimensionless parameter, called number of transfer units (NTU), changed in relation to time during the cooling process, and it was shown that this could be used as an independent variable. Classification models were established using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machine classification (SVMC). Samples were divided into a calibration set (N=150) and a prediction set (N=64). The predictive accuracy of the models using LDA and SVMC for classifying eggs into soft-boiled or hard-boiled was 93.8% and 92.2%, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the classification models using LDA and SVMC had potential for use as a non-destructive method for classifying groups of eggs into soft-boiled and hard-boiled that could potentially be used in a commercial situation.
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    Rapid detection of potassium sorbate in coconut water using near infrared hyperspectral imaging
    (2026-01-01)
    Tantinantrakun, Achiraya
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    Kumpa, Benjaporn
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    Ainkast, Pranpriya
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    Thompson, Anthony Keith
    ;
    Potassium sorbate may be illegally added to fresh coconut water in order to prolong its marketable life, but this adulteration may not be identified on the product label. The aim of this research was therefore to evaluate if samples of fresh coconut water that had been adulterated with measured amounts of potassium sorbate could be detected by near infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI). Samples of coconut water with different potassium sorbate concentrations (N = 100) and pure coconut water samples (N = 100) were used in this study with their averaged spectral data used as independent variables. The smoothing spectral pretreatment gave the highest classification accuracy of 98.48% by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). While support vector machine regression (SVMR) with spectral pretreatment, using the 1st derivative combined with multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), achieved the optimum condition for developing the calibration model for determining potassium sorbate concentration with the correlation coefficient of prediction (R<inf>p</inf>) of 0.818 and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 327.86 ppm. The results showed that NIR-HSI was able to be used as a fast, reliable, economic and environmentally friendly method of detecting potassium sorbate addition to coconut water.
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    Nondestructive evaluation of SW-NIRS and NIR-HSI for predicting the maturity index of intact pineapples
    (2023-01-01)
    Tantinantrakun, Achiraya
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    Sukwanit, Supawan
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    Thompson, Anthony Keith
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    Determination of optimum maturity and ripeness of fruit is essential in the production of processed fruit, including pineapples, but this is difficult to achieve consistently by visual grading in commercial factories. Therefore, this study tested two nondestructive techniques for predicting the maturity index of intact pineapple. These were transmittance short wavelength near infrared spectroscopy (SW-NIRS) in the wavelength range of 665–955 nm and reflectance near infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) in the wavelength range of 935–1720 nm. The number of samples used for calibration was 120 for both SW-NIRS and NIR-HSI. The maturity index and spectral information of individual pineapple fruit were acquired from both techniques and analysed using the same procedure. Then, partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to establish the models for predicting the maturity index of each intact fruit. The leave-one-out cross validation was used for evaluating the performance of the models. The results showed that both techniques gave reliable performance in predicting the maturity index of individual fruit, with a coefficient of determination considering cross validation (R<inf>cv</inf><sup>2</sup>) for the prediction of the maturity index of 0.70 and a root mean square error in cross validation (RMSECV) of 2.16 when using SW-NIRS and R<inf>cv</inf><sup>2</sup> of 0.72 and RMSECV of 1.68 when using NIR-HSI. It was therefore concluded that both SW-NIRS and NIR-HSI had the potential for use in nondestructive analysis of the maturity of intact pineapple fruit in fruit processing factories.
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    Use of near infrared hyperspectral imaging as a nondestructive method of determining and classifying shelf life of cakes
    (2021-01-01)
    Sricharoonratana, Manunchaya
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    Thompson, Anthony Keith
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    Many types of cake deteriorated rapidly due to microbial infection, which gives them a short shelf life. Accordingly, near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI), in the range of range of 935–1720 nm, was tested to determinate whether it could be used as a nondestructive method to determine the shelf life and classify cakes based on microorganism infections during storage. The average spectrum from a region of interest (ROI) in the spectral image of each sample was acquired by NIR-HSI. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to establish the model in order to predict storage time of sponge cakes. The model proved accurate with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.835 and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 1.242 days. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to establish the classification model for distinguishing between non-expired and expired of sponge cakes. The results showed the accuracy of prediction was 91.3%. The predictive images showed different colors based on their storage time that could be inspected visually. Therefore NIR-HSI was shown to have potential to be used for predicting storage time of cakes and classifying cakes into expired and non-expired, which has potential for application in the bakery industry.
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    Non-Destructive Classification of Organic and Conventional Hens’ Eggs Using Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging
    (2023-07-01)
    Sahachairungrueng, Woranitta
    ;
    Thompson, Anthony Keith
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    Terdwongworakul, Anupun
    ;
    Eggs that are produced using organic methods retail at higher prices than those produced using conventional methods, but they cannot be differentiated reliably using visual methods. Eggs can therefore be fraudulently mislabeled in order to increase their wholesale and retail prices. The objective of this research was therefore to test near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) to identify whether an egg has been produced using organic or conventional methods. A total of 210 organic and 210 conventional fresh eggs were individually scanned using NIR-HSI to obtain absorbance spectra for discrimination analysis. The physical properties of each egg were also measured non-destructively in order to analyze the performance of discrimination compared with those of the NIR-HSI spectral data. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed variation for PC1 and PC2 of 57% and 23% and 94% and 4% based on physical properties and the spectral data, respectively. The best results of the classification using NIR-HSI spectral data obtained an accuracy of 96.03% and an error rate of 3.97% via partial least squares–discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), indicating the possibility that NIR-HSI could be successfully used to rapidly, reliably, and non-destructively differentiate between eggs that had been produced using organic methods from eggs that had been produced using conventional methods.