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    Robust power oscillation damper design for DFIG-based wind turbine
    (2013-09-02) ; ;
    Nakawiro, Worawat
    A new robust power oscillation damper (POD) design for a doubly fed induction generator based- wind turbine is proposed in this paper. The POD structure is specified by the second-order lead/lag compensator with single input signal. The parameters optimization of POD is formulated based on a mixed H<inf>2</inf>/H<inf>∞</inf> control using linear matrix inequalities. The POD parameters are optimized by the firefly algorithm so that the damping performance against system disturbances and the robustness under system uncertainties are satisfied. Simulation results in a single machine infinite bus confirm the superior robustness of the proposed POD over the conventional POD. © 2013 IEEE.
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    A Wildfire Risk Impact Index (WRII) for Power Distribution Systems: Integrating GIS and AHP
    (2025-01-01)
    Phantanaikasem, Pongpavee
    ;
    Jamroen, Chaowanan
    ;
    Wildfires pose a significant threat to power distribution systems, leading to disruptions, infrastructure damage, and economic losses. The conventional fire weather index (FWI) is widely used for wildfire risk assessment, but primarily relies on meteorological factors and does not explicitly account for the spatial distribution of critical infrastructure. Therefore, this study proposes a new wildfire risk impact index (WRII) to assess wildfire risk and severity on power distribution systems. The WRII is developed using the geographic information system (GIS) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP), integrating multiple spatial variables (i.e., temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and topography), hotspot proximity to key infrastructures (i.e., power distribution systems, fire stations, and roads), and the number of connected power system points. A case study in Chiang Mai, Thailand, is conducted using the QGIS to demonstrate the applicability of WRII and its superiority over the FWI. The results highlight spatial variations in wildfire risk, offering valuable insights for power system operators. The WRII enhances wildfire preparedness and mitigation strategies.
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    Wide area robust centralized power oscillation dampers design for DFIG-based wind turbines
    Inter-area oscillations are associated with machines in one part of the system oscillating against machines in other parts of the system. They are caused by two or more groups of machines that are interconnected by weak ties. To damp out the inter-area oscillations, this paper proposes the new application of wide area stability control for robust centralized power oscillation dampers (PODs) design of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines. The POD with 2<sup>nd</sup>-order lead/lag compensator structure for each DFIG wind turbine is located at the control center. To stabilize the target inter-area mode effectively, the geometric measures of controllability and observability are used to choose the suitable DFIG wind turbine for stabilizing the target oscillation mode, the proper input signal of POD, and the location of phasor measurement units (PMUs). The input signal of each POD is obtained from PMU while the output signal is transmitted to the rotor side converter voltage controller of DFIG. As a result, the reactive power output of DFIG can be modulated to damp out inter-area oscillations. In the POD parameters optimization, the wide range of power output levels of DFIGs and synchronous generators, time delays due to wide area communication, and unstructured system uncertainties model are taken into account so that the damping of inter-area modes and the system robust stability margin against uncertainties can be guaranteed. Solving the problem by the firefly algorithm automatically, the optimal parameters of PODs can be achieved. The stabilizing performance and robustness of the proposed robust centralized POD are evaluated in the IEEE New England 39 bus system by eigenvalue analyses and nonlinear simulation in scenarios with severe short circuits, N-1 outage contingencies, heavy power flows, and line tripping.
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    Informatics-Centric Neural Network for Distributed Energy Resources Against Diverse Cyber Threats
    (2024-01-01) ;
    Kerdphol, Thongchart
    This article addresses challenges in modernizing microgrids (MGs) with distributed energy resources (DERs), which emphasizes cybersecurity vulnerabilities causing from integrating high DERs with cyber-physical data. To ensure seamless integration of DERs and to achieve optimal control performance, this article introduces an informatics-centric neural network (named I-ANN), which is specifically designed for DERs in weak MGs to encounter cyber threats, such as communication latency, false data injection, denial of service, and controller hijacking. The proposed framework utilizes multiagent systems to model the risks posed by cyber threats, with a particular emphasis on their impacts on frequency and voltage regulations. Here, the proposed I-ANN features a novel loss function for automatic signal restoration, and the I-ANN is iteratively trained using various cyber threat scenarios. During critical MG operating scenarios, the new loss function is proposed to enhance robustness and damping while simultaneously mitigating rapid fluctuations in voltage and frequency. Moreover, a significant departure from typical voltage and frequency control loops is the complete replacement of conventional PI controllers with the proposed I-ANN. This strategy fortifies resilience without requiring any additional controllers or control loops. Comparative analyses demonstrate I-ANN's effectiveness in low-inertia MGs with DERs through probabilistic small-signal stability analysis and time-domain simulations under diverse operating conditions.
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    Adaptive signal selection of wide-area damping controllers under various operating conditions
    Since operating conditions of power systems always change, the input and output signals of wide-area damping controller (WADC), which are selected at an operating point, may not be able to guarantee the damping effect at other operating points. This paper focuses on a new adaptive signal selection for WADC against several operating conditions, such as various load demands, control signal failure, line and generator outages, and effect of communication latency. The joint controllability and observability is used to determine the best input and output pairs of WADC at any operating points. Small-signal and transient stabilities study in the IEEE 50-machine system including renewable sources, i.e., wind and solar photovoltaic generators are conducted to evaluate the effect of the proposed method. Study result demonstrates that the WADC with the adaptive signal selection yields superior damping effect to the WADC with the fixed signal selection over wide range operations.
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    Forced Oscillation Detection Amid Communication Uncertainties
    (2021-09-01) ;
    Shah, Rakibuzzaman
    ;
    Nadarajah, Mithulananthan
    ;
    Muyeen, S. M.
    ;
    Emami, Kianoush
    This article proposes a novel technique for the detection of forced oscillation (FO) in a power system with the uncertainty in the measured signals. The impacts of communication uncertainties on measured signals are theoretically investigated based on the mathematical models developed in this article. A data recovery method is proposed and applied to reconstruct the signal under the effects of communication losses. The proposed FO detection with communication uncertainties is evaluated in the modified 14-machine Southeast Australian power system. A rigorous comparative analysis is made to validate the effectiveness of the proposed data recovery and FO detection methods.
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    Small-Signal Stability Analysis in an Uncertain Microgrid with Distributed Energy Resources: A Data-Driven Monitoring
    (2024-01-01)
    Pinthurat, Watcharakorn
    ;
    ;
    Kerdphol, Thongchart
    ;
    Marungsri, Boonruang
    In low-inertia microgrids (MGs) with intermittent distributed energy resources (DERs), the requirement to pre-determine MG parameters results in a challenge as these parameters evolve over time. Consequently, conducting small-signal stability analysis becomes impractical due to the dynamic nature of the MG's parameter variations. In this paper, we propose an adaptive data-driven approach designed for grid-forming converters of DERs. The goal is to improve small-signal stability within a dynamically shifting window range. Additionally, we propose a data-driven approach to identify the MG model within a moving window. Subsequently, small-signal stability can be assessed. Comprehensive simulation results are systematically generated for an MG with DERs under various crucial conditions, including (i) intermittent power outputs of DERs, (ii) generator outages, (iii) diverse levels of total MG inertia, and (iv) different MG operation modes.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Hierarchical Co-Ordinated Wide Area and Local Controls of DFIG Wind Turbine and PSS for Robust Power Oscillation Damping
    In this paper, the two-level hierarchical scheme, which consists of wide area centralized and local controls of the power oscillation damper (POD) installed with the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine and the power system stabilizer (PSS) has been proposed for robust power oscillation damping. In the wide area level, the centralized POD and PSS has received the input signals from synchronized phasor measurement units (PMUs). The geometric measures of controllability and observability have been applied to select the suitable DFIG and synchronous generator (SG) for stabilizing the target oscillation modes, the proper input signals of the centralized POD and PSS, and the location of PMUs. In the local level, the suitable DFIG and SG have been equipped with POD and PSS, respectively. In the parameters optimization of POD and PSS, the practical issues such as damping performance, controller structure, communication latency, and robustness against system uncertainties have been considered. The controller efficiency and resiliency of the proposed controller have been evaluated in comparison with other controllers by eigenvalue analysis and nonlinear simulation for a wide range of operating conditions, line outage contingencies, severe faults, and communication failure.
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    Robust stabilization of multimachine power system by DFIG wind turbine equipped with power oscillation damper
    Various system uncertainties and disturbances may cause the power system instability. The power system stabilizing controller designed without taking such uncertainties into account may not tolerate and fail to operate. This paper aim at the new robust control design of power oscillation damper (POD) equipped with the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine. Without difficulty of mathematic modeling, the inverse output multiplicative perturbation is used to represent system uncertainties. The structure of POD is specified as a practical 2nd-order lead/lag compensator with single input. The POD parameters optimization problem is formulated considering the variation of tie-line power flows. The POD parameters are automatically tuned by firefly algorithm so that the damping performance and robustness can be achieved. Simulation results in IEEE 9 bus test system ensure that the proposed robust POD is superior to the conventional POD in terms of the damping performance and robustness.
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    Coordinated DFIG Wind Turbines and Solar PV Generators for Inter-area Oscillation Damping
    Intermittent power injection from renewable energy sources such as wind and solar farms may cause low damping of critical inter-area oscillation modes. However, such renewable sources may be located in some areas with higher controllability of inter-area oscillations than the conventional synchronous generators. By controlling the reactive power output of such renewable sources, the superior damping effect of inter-area oscillations can be anticipated. This paper proposes the robust control design of power oscillation dampers of wind turbines with doubly-fed induction generator and solar photovoltaic generators to damp inter-area oscillations in large-scale power systems. The coordinated robust controllers are designed to achieve the desired damping and robustly operate against system uncertainties such as noises, external disturbance, and intermittent power. Study results indicate that the damping effect of coordinated wind and solar farms is higher than that of conventional power system stabilizers under various operating conditions.