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    Robust power oscillation damper design for DFIG-based wind turbine
    (2013-09-02) ; ;
    Nakawiro, Worawat
    A new robust power oscillation damper (POD) design for a doubly fed induction generator based- wind turbine is proposed in this paper. The POD structure is specified by the second-order lead/lag compensator with single input signal. The parameters optimization of POD is formulated based on a mixed H<inf>2</inf>/H<inf>∞</inf> control using linear matrix inequalities. The POD parameters are optimized by the firefly algorithm so that the damping performance against system disturbances and the robustness under system uncertainties are satisfied. Simulation results in a single machine infinite bus confirm the superior robustness of the proposed POD over the conventional POD. © 2013 IEEE.
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    A Wildfire Risk Impact Index (WRII) for Power Distribution Systems: Integrating GIS and AHP
    (2025-01-01)
    Phantanaikasem, Pongpavee
    ;
    Jamroen, Chaowanan
    ;
    Wildfires pose a significant threat to power distribution systems, leading to disruptions, infrastructure damage, and economic losses. The conventional fire weather index (FWI) is widely used for wildfire risk assessment, but primarily relies on meteorological factors and does not explicitly account for the spatial distribution of critical infrastructure. Therefore, this study proposes a new wildfire risk impact index (WRII) to assess wildfire risk and severity on power distribution systems. The WRII is developed using the geographic information system (GIS) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP), integrating multiple spatial variables (i.e., temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and topography), hotspot proximity to key infrastructures (i.e., power distribution systems, fire stations, and roads), and the number of connected power system points. A case study in Chiang Mai, Thailand, is conducted using the QGIS to demonstrate the applicability of WRII and its superiority over the FWI. The results highlight spatial variations in wildfire risk, offering valuable insights for power system operators. The WRII enhances wildfire preparedness and mitigation strategies.
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    Wide area robust centralized power oscillation dampers design for DFIG-based wind turbines
    Inter-area oscillations are associated with machines in one part of the system oscillating against machines in other parts of the system. They are caused by two or more groups of machines that are interconnected by weak ties. To damp out the inter-area oscillations, this paper proposes the new application of wide area stability control for robust centralized power oscillation dampers (PODs) design of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines. The POD with 2<sup>nd</sup>-order lead/lag compensator structure for each DFIG wind turbine is located at the control center. To stabilize the target inter-area mode effectively, the geometric measures of controllability and observability are used to choose the suitable DFIG wind turbine for stabilizing the target oscillation mode, the proper input signal of POD, and the location of phasor measurement units (PMUs). The input signal of each POD is obtained from PMU while the output signal is transmitted to the rotor side converter voltage controller of DFIG. As a result, the reactive power output of DFIG can be modulated to damp out inter-area oscillations. In the POD parameters optimization, the wide range of power output levels of DFIGs and synchronous generators, time delays due to wide area communication, and unstructured system uncertainties model are taken into account so that the damping of inter-area modes and the system robust stability margin against uncertainties can be guaranteed. Solving the problem by the firefly algorithm automatically, the optimal parameters of PODs can be achieved. The stabilizing performance and robustness of the proposed robust centralized POD are evaluated in the IEEE New England 39 bus system by eigenvalue analyses and nonlinear simulation in scenarios with severe short circuits, N-1 outage contingencies, heavy power flows, and line tripping.
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    Small-Signal Stability Analysis in an Uncertain Microgrid with Distributed Energy Resources: A Data-Driven Monitoring
    (2024-01-01)
    Pinthurat, Watcharakorn
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    ;
    Kerdphol, Thongchart
    ;
    Marungsri, Boonruang
    In low-inertia microgrids (MGs) with intermittent distributed energy resources (DERs), the requirement to pre-determine MG parameters results in a challenge as these parameters evolve over time. Consequently, conducting small-signal stability analysis becomes impractical due to the dynamic nature of the MG's parameter variations. In this paper, we propose an adaptive data-driven approach designed for grid-forming converters of DERs. The goal is to improve small-signal stability within a dynamically shifting window range. Additionally, we propose a data-driven approach to identify the MG model within a moving window. Subsequently, small-signal stability can be assessed. Comprehensive simulation results are systematically generated for an MG with DERs under various crucial conditions, including (i) intermittent power outputs of DERs, (ii) generator outages, (iii) diverse levels of total MG inertia, and (iv) different MG operation modes.
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    Robust stabilization of multimachine power system by DFIG wind turbine equipped with power oscillation damper
    Various system uncertainties and disturbances may cause the power system instability. The power system stabilizing controller designed without taking such uncertainties into account may not tolerate and fail to operate. This paper aim at the new robust control design of power oscillation damper (POD) equipped with the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine. Without difficulty of mathematic modeling, the inverse output multiplicative perturbation is used to represent system uncertainties. The structure of POD is specified as a practical 2nd-order lead/lag compensator with single input. The POD parameters optimization problem is formulated considering the variation of tie-line power flows. The POD parameters are automatically tuned by firefly algorithm so that the damping performance and robustness can be achieved. Simulation results in IEEE 9 bus test system ensure that the proposed robust POD is superior to the conventional POD in terms of the damping performance and robustness.
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    Coordinated DFIG Wind Turbines and Solar PV Generators for Inter-area Oscillation Damping
    Intermittent power injection from renewable energy sources such as wind and solar farms may cause low damping of critical inter-area oscillation modes. However, such renewable sources may be located in some areas with higher controllability of inter-area oscillations than the conventional synchronous generators. By controlling the reactive power output of such renewable sources, the superior damping effect of inter-area oscillations can be anticipated. This paper proposes the robust control design of power oscillation dampers of wind turbines with doubly-fed induction generator and solar photovoltaic generators to damp inter-area oscillations in large-scale power systems. The coordinated robust controllers are designed to achieve the desired damping and robustly operate against system uncertainties such as noises, external disturbance, and intermittent power. Study results indicate that the damping effect of coordinated wind and solar farms is higher than that of conventional power system stabilizers under various operating conditions.
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    Synthetic Inertia-Power Sharing in High Renewable Power Grids Through Vehicle-to-Grid Topology
    (2024-01-01)
    Kerdphol, Thongchart
    ;
    ;
    With the increasing integration of renewable energy sources (RESs), the overall inertia of the power system is expected to decline. The remaining inertia is crucial for regulating system frequency and mitigating excessive rates of change. The deployment of dispatchable loads, such as electric vehicles (EVs), offers a promising solution. This paper presents a synchronized inertia support framework utilizing a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system through its bidirectional chargers. This concept is realized by integrating a large-scale energy storage system (ESS) composed of controllable EVs into an enhanced inertia emulation structure. The synthetic inertia control strategy has been refined to account for EV user convenience and synchronized state of charge (SOC) management, facilitating synchronized inertia power sharing. This approach enhances the grid's dynamic performance and resilience. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively delivers rapid inertia support from the onboard ESS of EVs, improving frequency stability.
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    Impact of Variable Time Delay on Oscillatory Stability in Power System with Wind and Solar Farms using Wide Area Damping Control
    Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar farms have increasingly participated in modern power grids in order to supply inflated demands. In addition, wind and solar farms equipped with the wide area damping controller (WADC) can be adopted to enhance an oscillatory stability. However, the time delay in the communication of input and output signals of the WADC is an unavoidable problem. In previous works, the time delay is assumed to be a fixed value. In fact, the time delay may be variable in both input and output sides of the WADC. Such type of delay is defined as variable time delay. This paper focuses on the impact analysis of variable time delay on an oscillatory stability in wind and solar farms equipped with WADC. The new mathematical model of the power system with wind and solar farms with WADC including variable time delay is formulated. The technique for analyzing the influence of variable time delay is presented. Small signal and transient stability analysis results in an IEEE 50-machine 145-bus signify that the variable time delay significantly affects the damping performance of WADC. In the worst case, it may bring about the system instability.
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    Two-level robust coordinated stabilizing control of PSS and DFIG wind turbine for enhancing grid resiliency
    Under the disruption of communication system, the wide area controller may fail to stabilize power oscillations. As a result, the power grids may be jeopardized due to the undamped oscillations. To improve the grid resiliency, a new design method of the two-level robust coordinated stabilizing control of power oscillation damper (POD) of wind turbine with doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), and power system stabilizer (PSS) is presented in this paper. The two-level control of POD and PSS consists of centralized and local levels. As the main controllers, the centralized POD and PSS are applied to damp out power oscillations. When the communication failure occurs, the local POD and PSS act as the backup controllers to stabilize power oscillations instead of the centralized POD and PSS. The geometric measures of controllability and observability are adopted to determine the suitable input signals of POD and PSS. The structure of POD and PSS is represented by a practical 2<sup>nd</sup>-order lead/lag compensator. The control parameters of POD and PSS of each control level are separately optimized under various operating conditions so that the damping effect and robustness can be guaranteed. Simulation study is conducted to show the stabilizing effect of the proposed controller on the enhancement of grid resiliency against severe short circuits, line outages, various power flow levels, wind speeds, variable communication latency, and communication failure.
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    Optimization of robust power oscillation dampers for DFIG wind turbines considering N-1 outage contingencies
    This paper focuses on a new optimization technique of robust power oscillation damper (POD) for doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines considering N-1 outage contingencies. The POD with 2<sup>nd</sup>-order lead/lag compensator and local input signal is placed with the voltage controller of DFIG so that the reactive power output can be modulated to damp out power oscillations. The optimization of POD parameters is formulated based on a mixed H<inf>2</inf>/H<inf>∞</inf> control, and carried out under all system outage events such as line tripping, and load/generation shedding etc. The firefly algorithm is employed to obtain the optimal parameters of POD. Simulation study in an IEEE 9 bus system reveals that the proposed robust POD provides superior damping effect than the conventional POD against various system contingencies and uncertainties.