Accurate Mathematical Parameter Determination for Two-Exponential Lightning Impulse Waveforms with Specified Parameters

Abstract

Standard lightning impulse voltage waveform is commonly described mathematically using a two-exponential function. In practical applications, waveform parameters such as front time, time to half, and peak voltage of the impulse need to be translated into mathematical parameters (time constants and peak factor) of the function, and vice versa. This paper introduces a method called the time normalization technique for accurately estimating the mathematical function parameters of lightning impulse voltage while considering specified waveform parameters. Validation of the proposed method demonstrates that the overall error in estimation is below 0.1%. Additionally, the paper discusses the utilization of the obtained waveform to assess the uncertainty of a measuring system.