Synergistic Adulticidal Activity of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), Star Anise (Illicium verum), Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) Essential Oil and Their Components Against the Housefly (Musca domestica) and Their Safety for Key Non-Target Organisms

H. Passara; Chamroon Laosinwattana; Tanapoom Moungthipmalai; Kouhei Murata; Mayura Soonwera

doi:10.3390/insects17040412

Synergistic Adulticidal Activity of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), Star Anise (Illicium verum), Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) Essential Oil and Their Components Against the Housefly (Musca domestica) and Their Safety for Key Non-Target Organisms

Date

2026-4-10

Authors

H. Passara

Chamroon Laosinwattana

Tanapoom Moungthipmalai

Kouhei Murata

Mayura Soonwera

Publisher

Insects

Abstract

-cypermethrin led to 100% mortality in honeybees within 0.5 h and in guppies and earthworms within 24 h, although it had low toxicity toward houseflies. Thus, a mixture of star anise EO + geranial is a promising source of EO-derived insecticides for housefly control that is also safe for important non-target species.