Preparation of Activated Carbon from Juvenile Durian Fruit by Activating KMnO<sub>4</sub> for Methylene Blue Adsorption

Abstract

Preparation of activated carbon from juvenile durian fruit by activation with KMnO 4 for methylene blue adsorption was studied. The juvenile durian fruit was pyrolyzed at temperatures of 400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 °C and activated with KMnO 4 . The results demonstrated that the carbonization at 600 °C yielded the highest iodine number of 298.30 mg io dine /g biochar . Subsequently, the methylene blue adsorption was investigated using a Box-Behnken designed batch experiment. The experimental design included three variables at three levels: adsorbent dosage (g), initial methylene blue concentration (mg/L), and adsorption time (min). The optimum conditions for methylene blue adsorption efficiency reached approximately 99.9% at an adsorbent dosage of 0.55 g, an initial methylene blue concentration of 10 mg/L, and an adsorption time of 90 min.