Universal current-mode biquad with minimum components

A current controllable current-mode universal filter with four inputs and one output employing multi-output current-controlled current conveyors (MOCCCIIs) is described. The proposed circuit offers the following attractive features: employment the minimum number of active and passive components, i.e., two MOCCCIIs and two grounded capacitors; simultaneous realization of all the standard filtering functions; independent current-control of the natural angular frequency (ω0) and bandwidth (BW); no requirement of component matching conditions; employment of only two grounded passive capacitors which is suitable for integrated circuit (IC) implementation; and low passive and active sensitivities.