Numerical electromagnetic analysis with the PEEC method

The conventional full-wave formulation of the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method was derived from the mixed-potential integral equation (MPIE) for the free space by A. E. Ruehli in 1974. The final results are interpreted Maxwell’s equations to a circuit domain by inductance, capacitance, and resistance extraction including retardation in theory. In that time, the retardation is neglected because the minimum wavelength corresponding to the considered maximum frequency is longer than dimensions of an interested domain. His development is based on the concept of inductance and capacitance extraction, which was firstly introduced by Rosa in 1908, and further developed by Grover in 1946 and Hoer and Love in 1965. Despite the fact that the PEEC method has an exact field theoretical basis, it was not primarily developed for the computation of electromagnetic fields. Instead, the circuit designer has a tool at hand to analyze the parasitic effects on connecting structures of circuits without leaving the familiar area of a network theory. This method was considerably developed further in the 1990s where retardation, external field excitation, and the treatment of a dielectric material were investigated.