The comparison of Klobuchar model with GPS TEC model at the low geomagnetic latitude station, Thailand

In the Global Positioning System (GPS), ionospheric delay time is a main cause of the positioning system errors. We can typically calculate the ionospheric delay using the dual-frequency receivers (L1: 1,575.42 MHz, L2: 1227.60 MHz). The Klobuchar model is a well-known model developed to estimate the ionospheric delay and currently used for single-frequency users. The coefficients of the model are daily broadcast in the GPS satellite navigation message for worldwide users. In this work, we compare the actual ionospheric delays with the Klobuchar model to observe the differences at 4 stations in Thailand: CMU (Chiang Mai), KMIT (Bangkok), CPN (Chumpon) and NNKI (Nongkai) on 10 February 2018 (no disturbance). Then, we compute the new Klobuchar coefficients from the comparisons. The proposed Klobuchar coefficients can correct the RMSE of the original model by 32.4, 36.5, 28.5 and 37.1 at KMIT, CPN, NNKI and CMU station, respectively. The RMSE of the new Klobuchar and observed TEC comparison are 24.0718, 28.5849, 21.6086 and 27.7273, respectively.