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    Heat transfer behavior in a square duct with tandem wire coil element insert
    (2012-01-01)
    Eiamsa-Ard, Smith
    ;
    Koolnapadol, Narin
    ;
    Effects of insertion of tandem wire coil elements used as turbulator on heat transfer and turbulent flow friction characteristics in a uniform heat-flux square duct are experimentally investigated in this work. The experiment is conducted for turbulent flow with the Reynolds number from 4000 to 25000. The wire coil element is inserted into the duct with a view to generating a swirl flow that assists to wash up the flow trapped in the duct corners and then increase the heat transfer rate of the test duct. Apart from the full-length coil, 1D and 2D length coil elements placed in tandem inside the duct with various free-space lengths are introduced to reduce the friction loss. The results obtained from these wire coil element inserts are also compared with those from the smooth duct. The experimental results reveal that the use of wire coil inserts for the full-length coil, 1D and 2D coil elements with a short free-space length leads to a considerable increase in heat transfer and friction loss over the smooth duct with no insert. The full-length wire coil provides higher heat transfer and friction factor than the tandem wire coil elements under the same operating conditions. Also, performance evaluation criteria to assess the real benefits in using the wire coil insert into the square duct are determined.
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    Numerical simulation of flow field and temperature separation in a vortex tube
    (2008-01-01)
    Eiamsa-Ard, Smith
    ;
    A numerical analysis of flow field and temperature separation in a uni-flow vortex tube type is described. Effects of the turbulence modeling (k-ε model and ASM), numerical scheme (hybrid, upwind and second-order upwind) and grid density on calculation of energy separation in the vortex tube are also conducted. It is found that the calculated results are in reasonably good agreement with the experimental data for both the static and total temperatures; the use of the ASM improves slightly the accuracy of the predictions than that the k-ε model. It is also observed that larger temperature gradients appear in the outer regions close to the tube wall for the static temperatures and the separation effect or the difference of the total temperature is high in the core region near the inlet nozzle. The maximum total temperature in the field is visible at the axis location of x/D<inf>o</inf> between 0.5 and 1.0 for the ASM. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Thermal characteristics in turbulent channel flows with V-baffle vortex generators
    (2014-01-01)
    Kaewkohkiat, Y.
    ;
    ;
    Eiamsa-Ard, P.
    ;
    ;
    Eiamsa-Ard, S.
    Experimental work has been performed to examine the effects of V-baffle vortex generators on the heat transfer and friction characteristics in a channel under a constant heat flux boundary condition. In the experiments, V-baffles at different pitch ratios (PR=P/e = 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0) were carried out. Measurements were carried out for a channel of one aspect ratio, AR = W/H = 4.0 and duct height, H= 40 mm with baffle height, e = 8 mm. Experiments were conducted for the Reynolds number range of 6000 to 22,000. The distributions of temperature and local Nusselt number on bottom channel wall were observed with thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC) sheet. Isothermal friction factors were also taken and presented. The obtained results demonstrate that heat transfer increases with the increase of Reynolds number, whereas friction factor (f) shows the opposite trend. Experimental results also show that the channels with V-baffle at the highest pitch ratio (PR = 8.0) provide highest heat transfer than others. © 2014 Asian Institute of Technology.
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    Experimental study of combustion characteristics in a rice husk fired vortex combustor
    (2001-12-01) ;
    Silapabanleng, Kulthorn
    This paper presents the study of combustion characteristics of rice husk fuel in an annular vortex combustor (VC). The temperature distributions for selected locations inside the combustor and the fly ash and smoke from its flue gas were measured and observed respectively. Measurements were made by setting a constant mass flow rate of rice husk to be 0.2 kg/min and by varying the equivalence ratio, φ, to be 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2. To study the effect of feeding secondary air on flame stability, three values of the ratio of volumetric flow rates of the secondary air to the total air, (λ), were used and set to be 0.0, 0.2 and 0.4. The experiment shows the maximum temperature of about 1000° C in the upper chamber with less smoke of flue gas. Besides, emissions and the sizes of flyash particles from the exhaust stack can be controlled by the flow rate ratios of the secondary air to the total air, λ The VC shows an excellent performance, low emissions, high stabilization and ease of operation in firing the fine rice husk.
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    Turbulent convection in round tube equipped with propeller type swirl generators
    (2009-04-01)
    Eiamsa-ard, Smith
    ;
    Rattanawong, Sarawut
    ;
    This article is aimed at studying the heat transfer, friction loss and enhancement efficiency behaviors in a heat exchanger tube equipped with propeller type swirl generators at several pitch ratios (PR). The investigation is performed for the Reynolds number ranging from 4000 to 21,000 under a uniform heat flux condition. The experiments are also undertaken for several blade numbers of the propeller (N = 4, 6, and 8 blades) and for different blade angles (θ = 30°, 45°, and 60°). The influences of using the propeller rotating freely, on heat transfer enhancement, pressure loss, and enhancement efficiency, are reported. In the experiments, the swirl generator is used to create a decaying swirl in the tube flow. Average Nusselt numbers are determined and also compared with those obtained from other similar cases. The experimental results indicate that the tube with the propeller inserts provides considerable improvement of the heat transfer rate over the plain tube around 2.07 to 2.18 times for PR = 5, blade angles θ = 60° and N = 8. The use of the propeller leads to maximum enhancement efficiency up to 1.2. Thus, because of strong swirl or rotating flow, the propellers and their blade numbers become influential upon the heat transfer enhancement. The increase in friction factor from using the propeller is found to be 3-18 times over the plain tube. Correlations for Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) for the inserted tube are provided and the performance evaluation criterion to access the real benefits in using the swirl generators of the enhanced tube is also determined. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Heat transfer characteristics in a tube fitted with helical screw-tape with/without core-rod inserts
    (2007-02-01)
    Eiamsa-ard, Smith
    ;
    Effects of insertion of a helical screw-tape with or without core-rod in a concentric double tube heat exchanger on heat transfer and flow friction characteristics are experimentally investigated. The heat exchanger has the outer and the inner tube diameters of 50 mm (D<inf>o</inf>) and 25 mm (D) where the cold and the hot waters used as the test fluids are in shell and tube sides, respectively. The stainless steel helical screw-tape has the geometrical dimensions of width (W) 17 mm with the clearance to the tube wall (D - W) / 2 = 4 mm. Thus, the insertion of the screw-tape in the tube is considered as a loose-fit. In the experiment, the loose-fit helical tape with or without core-rod, is inserted in the inner tube of the heat exchanger and the hot water enters the tube based on its Reynolds number in a range of 2000 to 12,000. The experimental results show that the increases in average Nusselt number of using the loose-fit, helical tape with and without core-rod are found to be 230% and 340%, respectively, over the corresponding plain tube. It is worth noting that for the loose-fit, helical tape without core-rod, the friction factor is around 50% less than that for the one with core-rod while the Nusselt number is about 50% higher. Furthermore, the enhancement efficiency of the helical screw-tapes varies between 1.00 and 1.17, 1.98 and 2.14, for the tapes with and without core-rod, respectively. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Turbulent periodic flow and heat transfer in a rectangular channel with detached V-baffles
    (2017-10-01)
    Kaewkohkiat, Y.
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    ;
    Eiamsa-ard, S.
    This paper presents a numerical analysis of turbulent periodic flow and heat transfer in a rectangular channel with detached V-baffles. The computations are based on the finite volume method with the SIMPLE algorithm for handling the pressure–velocity coupling and using the QUICK scheme for the convection terms. Air is used as the test fluid with the air flow rate in terms of Reynolds numbers ranging from 3000 to 20,000. The effects of different detached-clearance ratios (c/H, CR) of 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2, baffles-pitch to square channel-diameter ratio (pitch ratio (p/H), PR) is 1.0, baffles-height to square channel-diameter ratio (blockage ratio (b/H), BR) is 0.10, and attack angle (α) is 45◦ on heat transfer, friction factor and thermal enhancement factor are investigated numerically. It is found that a pair of counter-rotating vortices (P-vortex) caused by the baffles can induce impingement/attachment flows repeatedly on the rectangular channel walls leading to a greater increase in the heat transfer over the test channel. The maximum thermal performance and heat transfer are found to be about 1.5 and 3.3, respectively for CR = 0.05 and Re = 3000, while the highest pressure loss is about 21.5 in the case of CR = 0.2 and Re = 20,000.
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    Thermal performance in circular tube fitted with coiled square wires
    (2008-05-01)
    The effects of wires with square cross section forming a coil used as a turbulator on the heat transfer and turbulent flow friction characteristics in a uniform heat flux, circular tube are experimentally investigated in the present work. The experiments are performed for flows with Reynolds numbers ranging from 5000 to 25,000. Two different spring coiled wire pitches are introduced. The results are also compared with those obtained from using a typical coiled circular wire, apart from the smooth tube. The experimental results reveal that the use of coiled square wire turbulators leads to a considerable increase in heat transfer and friction loss over those of a smooth wall tube. The Nusselt number increases with the rise of Reynolds number and the reduction of pitch for both circular and square wire coils. The coiled square wire provides higher heat transfer than the circular one under the same conditions. Also, performance evaluation criteria to assess the real benefits in using both coil wires of the enhanced tube are determined. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Heat transfer in solar air duct with multi-V-ribbed absorber and grooved back-plate
    (2021-04-01) ;
    Khanoknaiyakarn, Chitakorn
    ;
    Sripattanapipat, Somchai
    ;
    Skullong, Sompol
    The article presents an experimental study on heat transfer and friction behaviors in a solar air duct fitted with multiple V-shaped ribs on the absorber and delta-grooves on the back plate. Measurements were carried out in the test duct having a cross-section of width, W = 300 mm and height, H = 27 mm. The air flow rate inside the duct was varied to have Reynolds numbers based on the duct hydraulic diameter from about 7000 to 30,000. Two vortex flow devices: rib and groove turbulators, were introduced to generate the vortex flows along the duct. In the test duct, the upper/absorber plate having a constant heat-flux was mounted repeatedly by multiple V-shaped thin ribs with an attack angle (α) of 45° relative to main flow direction while the lower/back plate was grooved periodically in the delta/triangular shape with an attack angle (θ) of 60°. In the present investigation, the geometrical parameters of the ribs included three different rib- to duct-height ratios (e/H = B<inf>R</inf> = 0.108, 0.162 and 0.217) and three rib-pitch to duct-height ratio (P/H = P<inf>R</inf> = 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0). The experimental results have shown that the duct with the V-ribbed absorber at B<inf>R</inf> = 0.217, P<inf>R</inf> = 1 in conjunction with the delta-grooved back plate has the greatest heat transfer and pressure loss. However, the use of the combined devices with P<inf>R</inf> = 1, B<inf>R</inf> = 0.108 leads to the highest thermal performance and also provides greater heat transfer and thermal performance than employing the V-rib or the delta-groove alone.
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    Thermal performance of heat exchanger tube inserted with curved-winglet tapes
    The paper deals with the effect of curved-winglet (CW) inserts on thermal and flow behaviors in a constant heat-fluxed tube. A straight tape is used to support the 45° CWs mounted repeatedly on both tape sides to generate two pairs of longitudinal counter-rotating vortices along the test tube in order to assist the chaotic flow mixing and to disrupt the boundary layer leading to faster rate of heat transfer. The airflow and heat transfer behaviors in the tube are examined for Reynolds number (Re) in the range of 4150–25,400. The curved-winglet tape (CWT) parameters involved are the winglet attack angle of 45° three relative winglet heights (b/D = B<inf>R</inf> = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) and winglet pitches, (P/D = P<inf>R</inf> = 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0). The investigation reveals that the maximum thermal enhancement factor (TEF) of the CWT is about 1.62 at B<inf>R</inf> = 0.1 and P<inf>R</inf> = 1.0. For further improvement, the CWT at B<inf>R</inf> = 0.1 and P<inf>R</inf> = 1.0 is modified by punching the CW to be the perforated-curved-winglet tape (P-CWT) to reduce the pressure loss. The P-CWT characteristics include five different punched hole diameters (d = 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mm). The experimental results show that TEF of all the P-CWTs is higher than that of the CWT and the maximum TEF of 1.76 higher than the CWT around 9% is found for d = 1.5 mm. To understand the flow pattern and heat transfer mechanism, a three-dimensional CFD investigation is also performed and for validation, the good agreement between numerical and experimental results is found. For experimental data, empirical correlations for Nu, f and TEF for the CWT and P-CWT inserts are also determined.