Now showing 1 - 10 of 20
  • Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    Item type:Publication,
    Cross-Resistance to Benzimidazole Group and Mancozeb Fungicides in Colletotrichum spp. Causing Anthracnose Disease
    (2022-10-01) ;
    Somnuek, Suriyasit
    ;
    Udompongsuk, Mongkutkarn
    ;
    Prasom, Panisa
    ;
    Jaenaksorn, Tanimnun
    Anthracnose is considered to be one of the most serious diseases for major crops cultivated in Thailand. Although chemical fungicides and newer chemicals have been recommended and used for disease management, it is still difficult to control. Thus, the monitoring of fungicide resistance development is required and very important for the success of disease control strategies. In this study, a total of 34 isolates of Colletotrichum spp. were successfully collected from anthracnose diseased plants in central Thailand. Of these isolates, 16 were collected from mango, and 2 from crinum lily or orchid and were morphologically identified as C. gloeosporioides, while the other 16 isolates from chili were morphologically identified as C. capsica. Then, all isolates were evaluated in vitro against 3 fungicides to determine their sensitivity. The results showed that 25 isolates were cross-resistant to both benomyl and carbendazim, as the 50% effective concentration (EC<inf>50</inf>) of each fungicide was >100 mg L<sup>-1</sup>. All isolates were resistant to mancozeb. Nine out of 16 isolates from mango anthracnose were confirmed as C. gloeosporioides by the sequence of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 5. 8S regions of rDNA. Eight cross-resistant isolates were not controlled by the treatment with 100 mg L<sup>-1</sup> of benomyl or carbendazim on ‘Nam Dok Mai’ mango fruits, but sensitive isolate was better controlled at 79.33% and 85.11%, respectively. Our results indicated that cross-resistant strains are present in the populations of anthracnose fungi in central Thailand.
  • Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    Item type:Publication,
    Rapid and accurate classification of Aspergillus ochraceous contamination in Robusta green coffee bean through near-infrared spectral analysis using machine learning
    (2023-03-01)
    Ruttanadech, Nuttapong
    ;
    ; ; ;
    Near-infrared (NIR) spectral-based classification of Aspergillus ochraceous contamination in the Robusta green coffee bean was investigated. Six different learning algorithms, including linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), decision tree (Tree), Naive Bayes (NB), and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), were applied for the investigating purpose. Four classes of fungal contamination on coffee beans, non-fungal contaminated beans on day 1 and day 3 (NCB-D1 and NCB-D3) and fungal contaminated beans on day 1 and day 3 (CB-D1 and CB-D3), were set for the classification intention. Based on the 6 learning algorithms, the Tree approach was optimal, displaying a training accuracy of 97.5%. As proven by the testing dataset, the classification accuracy of the Tree was also at 97.5%. With this number, the Tree could correctly classify 100% between the contaminated and non-contaminated coffee beans. These findings exhibit the potential of the NIR spectroscopy accompanied by machine learning for the early detection of fungal contamination in green coffee beans.
  • Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    Item type:Publication,
    Fungicide resistance of Phytophthora palmivora causing durian diseases in eastern and southern Thailand and the in vitro alternative control by cajeput leaf extracts
    (2023-03-01)
    Somnuek, S.
    ;
    ;
    Jaenaksorn, T.
    The results showed that 24 and 25 of 40 collected isolates of Phytophthora palmivora were resistant to metalaxyl and mancozeb, respectively with the 50% effective concentration (EC<inf>50</inf>) higher than 100 mg/L. Meanwhile, all isolates were resistant to fosetyl-al with EC<inf>50</inf> higher than 1000 mg/L. Moreover, mapping between the survey areas and all Phytophthora isolates with the resistant levels to the 3 tested fungicides was depicted. Interestingly, 20 of 40 isolates showed multiple fungicide resistance to all tested fungicides with different modes of action, thereby selecting for the in vitro evaluation of the cajeput extract effect. Lower than expected, only 9 out of 20 multiple fungicide resistance isolates were shown to be significantly sensitive to the 10000, 20000 and 40000 ppm of cajeput extract based on paper disc assay.
  • Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    Item type:Publication,
    Top-spray fluidization coating of paddy rice with zinc oxide nanoparticles to reduce infection from Aspergillus sp
    (2020-10-01) ;
    Junka, Nittaya
    The aim of this study was to reduce infection of paddy rice from Aspergillus sp. by coating with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) solution in a top-spray fluidization coater, while maintaining the important qualities. The nozzle height and the atomized pressure affected the final moisture content of the coated paddy rice. When the final moisture content decreased lower than 13.0% (d.b.), this resulted in a drastic decrease in the husking percentage. Analysis of the crystallinity structure using X-ray diffractometry could indicate the amount of ZnO NPs coated to the paddy rice surface under appropriate coating conditions. The atomization of the ZnO NPs solution through a nozzle at 35 cm height, a pressure of 3.5 bar, and a concentration of 7.7 g/kg were the optimal conditions for complete inhibition of fungal growth while maintaining the important qualities of paddy rice. Practical applications: Fungi can infect paddy rice at any stage from the planting process through growth, harvest, and storage, and cause low quality produce. This research studied the application of a top-spray fluidization technique and the benefits of coating paddy rice with ZnO NPs to inhibit Aspergillus sp. during storage. The application of a top-spray fluidization technique can maintain the final moisture content of paddy rice without exceeding the equilibrium, rendering the paddy rice suitable for packing for transport, or storage directly after the coating procedure. The data obtained from this research can determine the most appropriate coating conditions and this coating system can be employed in rice community enterprises, cooperatives, or factories.
  • Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    Item type:Publication,
    ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES INHIBIT SOME FUNGAL PATHOGENS INFECTION ON DURIAN SEEDLINGS
    (2024-01-01) ;
    Pantakan, Miss Sansanee
    Durian disease-causing organisms such as fungi can infect durian trees at any stage of development. Chemical fungicides are widely used because they are convenient and simple to use. However, it impacts the health of producers, consumers, and the environment. As a result, recommendations have been developed and established for researching zinc oxide nanoparticles (Zn-ONPs) that can inhibit fungal growth as an alternative for preventing and eliminating such fungi. The purpose of this study is to collect and isolate some fungi that cause durian diseases and their pathogenicity test, as well as to investigate the efficacy of Zn-ONPs ranging in size from 25 to 50 nm in inhibiting germination and fungal infection on durian seedlings. Three isolates of Phytophthora sp. (CL4_F1, CL4_S5, CL4_F10), two isolates of Fusarium sp. (CL6_FL1, CL6_FL2), two isolates of Phomopsis sp. (CH1_PF1, CH1_PF2), and two isolates of Rhizoctonia sp. (CL1_RL1, CL1_RL2) were successfully isolated as durian pathogenic fungi. All isolates were pathogenic on durian seedlings, with a 100% disease incidence. As a result, it was found that increasing the concentration of ZnO-NPs could further inhibit growth in the germination and infection of durian seedlings. All tested isolates had delayed germination by ZnO-NPs at all concentrations. Furthermore, as the severity of the disease decreased, ZnO-NPs could inhibit infection in durian seedlings at higher concentrations.
  • Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    Item type:Publication,
    Research Article Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Garcinia cowa Aqueous Leaf Extract and Their Antifungal Activity Against Durian Dieback Pathogen
    (2023-09-01) ;
    Khejonrak, Awadol
    ;
    Kamonpha, Phitsamai
    ;
    Ruangvittayanon, Anuchit
    ;
    Pakdeepromma, Sirichatnach
    Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized under different pH and reaction time using the Garcinia cowa aqueous leaf extract. The formation, crystal structure and morphology of synthesized AgNPs were investigated using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The UV-Vis result indicated that the AgNPs were synthesized using Garcinia cowa aqueous leaf extract at all pH conditions within 10 min. The synthesis of AgNPs was significantly affected by pH condition which was shown by the TEM micrographs. The particle sizes of AgNPs were in a nano-sized range; 6.30 ± 3.52 nm for pH 4, 3.87 ± 2.51 nm for pH 7 and 13.97 ± 11.84 nm for pH 10. Furthermore, the AgNPs prepared in pH 4, pH 7 and pH 10 (120 min reaction time) at different concentrations were assessed for their antifungal activity against durian dieback pathogen. It was found that the 800 mL/L of AgNPs prepared at pH 7, the smallest particle size and good dispersion, showed the highest inhibition mycelial growth at 47.33%, whereas the larger nanoparticles prepared at pH 4 and pH 10 conditions showed lower inhibition of mycelial growth at 43.22% and 32.55%, respectively.
  • Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    Item type:Publication,
    Enhanced biodiesel purification using coffee husk bioadsorbents: The role of pyrolysis temperature, KOH activation, and adsorption efficiency
    (2025-05-01) ; ; ; ;
    Ruttanadech, Nuttapong
    This study evaluates the performance of bioadsorbents derived from coffee husk pyrolyzed at temperatures of 600, 700, and 800 °C (CH600, CH700, and CH800), along with activated CH700 (ACH700), in biodiesel purification. The results indicate that CH700 significantly enhances biodiesel purity, with optimal purification conditions achieved at a dosage of 2 wt% CH700, a stirring rate of 400 rpm, and a contact time of 45 min. CH700 demonstrated modest performance, achieving approximately 20 % removal of methanol and water. However, after activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH), ACH700 demonstrated improved efficiency, achieving 96.92 % methanol removal and 39.46 % water removal. ACH700 also refined biodiesel quality to meet EN14214 standards and maintained a higher biodiesel yield compared to other adsorbents. The bioadsorption process is influenced by the chemical interactions between the surface functional groups of the bioadsorbent and the contaminants, which is further enhanced by the optimized pore structure of ACH700. The use of ACH700 represents a novel and highly effective approach to biodiesel purification, combining both technical efficiency and economic feasibility. Furthermore, the valorization of agricultural waste adds significant environmental benefits, reinforcing the potential of ACH700 for large-scale biodiesel production.
  • Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    Item type:Publication,
    Sensitivity of Phytophthora palmivora Causing Durian Diseases to Metalaxyl-M and Dimethomorph in Southern and Eastern Thailand
    (2025-05-14) ;
    Charoensiri, Sasidara
    ;
    Rimchon, Somkiat
    ;
    Knight, Susan
    Metalaxyl-M (Met-M) and dimethomorph (Dim) are two systemic fungicides commonly used in Thailand to treat durian rot diseases caused by Phytophthora palmivora, a pathogen that significantly affects durian production. Fungicides have long been used by Thai durian farmers to control this infection, but managing the disease has become increasingly challenging in recent years. Monitoring fungicide resistance evolution is essential for effective disease management. In 2020 and 2022, eighty-one and sixty isolates, respectively, were collected from naturally infected durians in southern and eastern Thailand. All isolates were identified as P. palmivora through sporangium formation. Furthermore, 23 out of the 141 isolates were confirmed as P. palmivora based on sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 5.8S regions of rDNA. All isolates were tested for mycelium growth sensitivity to Met-M and Dim. EC50 values were used to classify sensitivity into three categories: sensitive (S) at EC50 < 1 mgL<sup>-1</sup>, moderately resistant (MR) at EC50 between 1 and 100 mgL<sup>-1</sup>, and resistant (R) at EC50 > 100 mgL<sup>-1</sup>. In southern Thailand, 58% of the isolates were Met-M<sup>R</sup>Dim<sup>S</sup>, and 41.25% were Met-M<sup>S</sup>Dim<sup>S</sup>. In eastern Thailand, 36.67% were Met-M<sup>MR</sup>Dim<sup>S</sup>, and 41.67% were Met-M<sup>S</sup>Dim<sup>S</sup>. These findings indicate that the populations of P. palmivora in the durian orchards in southern and eastern Thailand consisted of a mixture of sensitive, moderately resistant, and resistant strains.
  • Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    Item type:Publication,
    Resistance to quinone-outside inhibitor (Qoi) fungicides in colletotrichum species isolated from anthracnose disease occurring in Thailand
    (2020-01-01) ;
    Imamoto, Kazuumi
    ;
    Ishii, Hideo
    Colletotrichum species are plant pathogens causing anthracnose diseases in many crops that result in significant reduction of quality and quantity of the crop products. Management of these diseases has become increasingly difficult recently due to the development of fungicide resistance in pathogens. Thus, monitoring for fungicide sensitivity in the pathogen is important to manage these diseases. The isolates of Colletotrichum species were isolated from anthracnose disease on various crops collected during 2016-2017 in central and southern Thailand. They were tested for their mycelium growth sensitivity to azoxystrobin, a quinone-outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide and their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 5.8S regions of rDNA were analyzed. The results showed that eleven out of twenty four isolates of Colletotrichum species were resistant to azoxystrobin. They were able to grow on PDA amended with 100 mg/l azoxystrobin in the presence of salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) at 100 mg/l. Moreover, two isolates of azoxystrobin-resistant Colletotrichum spp. produced much larger lesions than azoxystrobin-sensitive isolates on mango fruits after treatment with 100 mg/l azoxystrobin. This is the first report on the occurrence of azoxystrobin resistance in Colletotrichum species present in Thailand and will contribute to the management of these important diseases in the future.
  • Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    Item type:Publication,
    In vitro assessment of crude extract from Gomphrena weed (Gomphrena celosioides Mart.) for control of plant pathogenic fungi causing chili diseases
    (2023-03-01)
    Apithanasakulngeon, P.
    ;
    Somnuek, S.
    ;
    ;
    Jaenaksorn, T.
    The phytochemical screening of both the flowers and other aerial parts of the Gomphrena weed extract (Gomphrena celosioides Mart.) presented alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics/tannins, and terpenoids. The extracts from both parts at 80, 160, and 240 mg/ml were significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides and Fusarium sp. compared to inoculated control by paper disc diffusion. The extract from both parts of the Gomphrena weed at the highest concentration (160 mg/ml) significantly showed the greatest inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of Sclerotium sp. (100 percent), followed by C. gloeosporioides (82.5 percent), Cercospora sp. (41.16 percent), and Fusarium sp. (24.41 percent) when tested using the poisoned food technique. The spore germination test revealed both parts of the weed extract yielded concentrations which were completely inhibited (100 percent) on the spore germination of C. capsici, C. gloeosporioides, and Fusarium sp.