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Dataset of temperature and relative humidity measurements in domestic refrigerators in Bangkok Thailand
(2026-08-01)
Paviet-Salomon, Yvanne
;
Chaomuang, Nattawut
;
Potisuwan, Cheeraphat
;
Derens-Bertheau, Evelyne
;
Nukunudompanich, Methawee
This dataset provides detailed measurements of internal air temperature, product temperature, and relative humidity in domestic refrigerators in households in Bangkok, Thailand. Data were collected from 123 households using Freshliance TagPlus-TH data loggers installed both inside and outside the refrigerators. For each refrigerator, air temperature and relative humidity were monitored at five internal locations: top shelf, middle shelf, vegetable drawer, door shelf, and freezer compartment. In addition, the temperature of a meat-like test product placed on the middle shelf was recorded. Ambient air conditions surrounding each refrigerator were also measured to characterize the external thermal environment. Prior to deployment, all sensors were prepared and activated by the research team, with time zero (T0) defined at this stage. Participants were only required to place the sensors according to the provided instructions while minimizing disturbances to their usual refrigerator usage habits. The sensors remained inside the refrigerators for seven consecutive days, recording measurements every 5 minutes before being removed. Data collected during the first and seventh days of monitoring were excluded from the analysis to account for the uncertainty regarding the exact times at which consumers placed and removed the sensors. This exclusion also helped eliminate transient effects caused by the introduction of heat loads during sensor installation and removal, which are not representative of normal refrigerator operating conditions. Consequently, only the five-day dataset corresponding to stabilized operating conditions is presented. The dataset is provided as tab-delimited.txt files. File names identify both the refrigerator number (1–123) and refrigerator configuration, including single-door, two-door top-freezer, and two-door bottom-freezer models. An accompanying R script enables the generation of temperature and humidity profiles for each refrigerator over the 5-day monitoring period. A README document is also included and provides detailed descriptions of column names, sensor locations, and metadata associated with each measurement campaign. Temperature sensors have a resolution of 0.1°C over a range of −30°C to +70°C, and an expanded uncertainty of ±0.5°C (k = 2). Relative humidity sensors have a resolution of 0.1 % and an expanded uncertainty of ±3 % (k = 2). These uncertainty values are based on the manufacturer’s specifications, additional calibration could not be performed within the scope of this study due to the lack of suitable calibration equipment. This high-resolution dataset provides valuable insights into the thermal and hygrometric conditions of domestic refrigeration systems under real household usage conditions. The data may support a wide range of applications, including the assessment and optimization of refrigeration performance through analysis of temperature heterogeneity and thermal behavior inside refrigerating compartments, the evaluation of food safety and risks associated with domestic storage temperatures, the identification of potential temperature abuse conditions in challenge-test studies, the development of consumer recommendations, the development and validation of simplified thermal models and CFD simulations for predicting airflow and heat transfer within domestic refrigerators, studies related to energy consumption and food preservation, and the optimization of domestic refrigerator design parameters using CFD and artificial neural network approaches. The dataset is expected to provide valuable insights for researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers working on refrigeration technologies, food safety, and cold-chain management.
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Storage conditions, energy consumption, and food safety implications of domestic refrigerators in Bangkok
(2025-12-01)
Chaomuang, Nattawut
;
Potisuwan, Cheeraphat
;
Duret, Steven
;
Derens-Bertheau, Evelyne
;
Paviet-Salomon, Yvanne
Domestic refrigeration plays a critical role in food preservation and safety by maintaining optimal storage conditions for perishable items. This study investigated the temperature and humidity conditions, as well as the energy consumption, of domestic refrigerators in Bangkok. Data were collected through on-site investigations of 123 refrigerators using data loggers to record temperature, humidity, and electrical consumption over a five-day period. In addition, a predictive microbiological model was used to assess the potential for microbial growth under the investigated storage conditions, specifically of Listeria monocytogenes and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Results indicated that although the overall mean temperatures of chilling compartments (5.0 ± 2.5 °C) were within the recommended range for domestic refrigeration, only about 30–40 % of individual refrigerators consistently maintained temperatures at or below 5 °C on the top and middle shelves throughout the five-day monitoring period, where fresh and ready-to-eat products are typically stored. Electrical consumption analysis revealed significant differences across refrigerator types; appliances with two doors and bottom freezers exhibited the highest annual electrical consumption, while single door refrigerators recorded the lowest. However, the specific energy consumption (SEC) did not differ significantly among refrigerator types. The microbial exposure assessment based on a test product highlighted that for over 50 % of refrigerators, L. monocytogenes load exceeds the regulation safety limits (> 10<sup>2</sup> CFU/g) within five days. These findings emphasize the need for improved temperature control, appliance design, and consumer education to ensure food safety and energy efficiency in domestic refrigeration.

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