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Meat Characteristics, Expression of Myosin Heavy Chain and Metabolism-Related Genes in Thai Native Pigs
(2024-05-01)
Chaosap, Chanporn
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Chaweewan, Kamon
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Adeyemi, Kazeem D.
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Phonkate, Netanong
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Sitthigripong, Ronachai
This study investigated the meat quality, expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and metabolism-related genes, ribonucleotides and fatty acids in Longissimus thoracis of Thai native pigs (TNPs) from different geographical regions (GR). Forty-one 9–10-month-old castrated TNPs (BW 60 kg), consisting of 18, 11 and 12 pigs from Northern (NT), Southern (ST) and Northeastern (NE) regions, respectively, were slaughtered. GR did not affect (p > 0.05) the expression of MyHC, phosphoglycerate mutase 1, cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, triosephosphate isomerase 1 and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein genes. The trend of MyHC was MyHC IIx > MyHC IIb > MyHC IIa > MyHC I. The NT loin had higher (p < 0.05) glycogen, C18:2n6, C20:4n6 and cooking loss, lower inosine, inosine monophosphate and hypoxanthine and a shorter sarcomere length than the ST and NE loins. The ST loin had a lower (p < 0.05) a* compared to other loins. Principal component analysis established significant relationships between the TNP and specific meat quality traits. This finding suggests that GR affected the meat quality, ribonucleotides and selected fatty acids in TNPs. These results provide relevant information that can be used to optimize the use of Thai native pork.
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Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on productive performance, pectoral myopathies, and meat quality of broiler chickens
(2021-11-01)
Khalil, Shady
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Saenbungkhor, Nualprae
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Kesnava, Kajorn
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Sivapirunthep, Panneepa
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Sitthigripong, Ronachai
The effects of guanidinoacteic acid (GAA) supplementation on productive performance, pectoral myopathies, and meat quality of broilers were studied. Treatments consisted of corn/soybean-based diets with a GAA supplement (0%, 0.06%, and 0.12%). A total of 546 one-day-old Ross-308 males were randomly allocated to 42 floor pens with 14 replicates (13 birds/pens) for each treatment. The results showed that GAA at doses of 0.06% and 0.12% improved feed conversion, increased the percentage of normal breast, and decreased the severity of wooden breast. Breast muscle myopathy severity was positively correlated with heavy birds and negatively correlated with breast muscle creatine and glycogen. Breast muscle creatine and glycogen correlated positively with normal, less severe pectoral myopathies and meat quality. In conclusion, GAA supplementation improved broiler performance without exacerbating pectoral myopathy or affecting meat quality.
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The effects of using pineapple stem starch as an alternative starch source and ageing period on meat quality, texture profile, ribonucleotide content, and fatty acid composition of longissimus thoracis of fattening dairy steers
(2021-10-01)
Chaosap, Chanporn
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Sahatsanon, Katatikarn
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Sitthigripong, Ronachai
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Sawanon, Suriya
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Setakul, Jutarat
The effects of different starch sources (ground corn (CO), ground cassava (CA) and pineapple stem starch (PI)) and ageing period (14 and 21 days) on meat characteristics of Holstein steers were investigated. Starch sources had no effect on meat characteristics, while meat aged for 14 days had less thawing loss than that aged for 21 days. Meat from steers fed PI had higher levels of inosine monophosphate (IMP) than the others (p < 0.05). With increasing duration of ageing, the content of IMP and guanosine monophosphate in the meat decreased, while the content of hypoxanthine in-creased (p < 0.05). Meat from steers fed CO had the highest oleic acid but the lowest erucic acid (p < 0.05) in contrast to meat from steers fed PI, which had the lowest oleic acid but the highest erucic acid. Steers fed CO appeared to produce healthier meat as this was positively associated with mon-ounsaturated fatty acid content. Meat from steers fed PI had higher levels of IMP, which may be associated with good taste.
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Meat quality, post-mortem proteolytic enzymes, and myosin heavy chain isoforms of different Thai native cattle muscles
(2021-09-01)
Chaosap, Chanporn
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Sivapirunthep, Panneepa
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Sitthigripong, Ronachai
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Tavitchasri, Piyada
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Maduae, Sabaiporn
Objective: This study investigated the meat quality characteristics, endogenous proteolytic enzymes, collagen content, and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms of different muscles of Thai native cattle (TNC). Methods: Infraspinatus (IF), Longissimus thoracis (LT), and Supraspinatus (SS) muscles were obtained from two TNC breeds, Kho-Lan (KL, n = 7) and Kho-Isaan (KI, n = 7). The muscle and meat characteristics of TNC breeds and their relationship with MyHC expression were examined. Results: Three MyHC isoforms namely MyHC I, MyHC IIa, and MyHC IIx were detected in the muscles. The KL had higher (p<0.05) MyHC IIx than the KI. The IF muscle had higher (p<0.05) MyHC I compared to other muscles. The LT muscle had the least MyHC I. The LT had higher (p<0.05) MyHC IIx than the IF and SS muscles. The IF presented the least MyHC IIx. The KL had higher (p<0.05) lightness and moisture content and lower crude protein, redness, cooking loss, shear force, and calpastatin than the KI. The glycogen, total collagen, soluble collagen, crude protein, ash contents, and troponin T degradation product of IF and SS were lower (p<0.05) than that of LT. Ether extract in LT was lower (p<0.05) than that of IF and SS. The percentage of MyHC I, MyHC IIa, and MyHC IIx were significantly correlated with muscle and meat characteristics of TNC. Conclusion: These results suggest that the differences in the MyHC isoforms may partly account for the variation in meat quality between breeds and among muscles of TNC.
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Myosin heavy chain isoforms expression, calpain system and quality characteristics of different muscles in goats
(2020-08-15)
Chaosap, Chanporn
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Sitthigripong, Ronachai
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Sivapirunthep, Panneepa
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Pungsuk, Apichaya
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Adeyemi, Kazeem D.
Myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms in goat muscles and their possible relationships with meat quality have not been fully elucidated. This study characterized the MHC isoforms in different caprine muscles using sodium dodecyl sulphate glycerol gel electrophoresis (SDS-GGE). The relationships between MHC isoforms, calpain systems and meat quality characteristics of different muscles in goats were examined. Four muscles, namely infraspinatus (IF), longissimus dorsi (LD), psoas major (PM) and supraspinatus (SS) were obtained from ten Boer crossbred bucks (7–10 months old; 26.5 ± 3.5 kg, BW). The percentages of MHC I, MHC IIa and MHC IIx in SS, IF, PM and LD were 47.2, 38.3, 32.1, 11.9; 28.0, 42.1, 33.0, 36.4; and 24.8, 19.6, 34.9 and 51.7, respectively. IF and SS had higher levels of calpastatin, total collagen and insoluble collagen contents than did PM and LD. PM had longer sarcomere length than did other muscles. LD had higher collagen solubility, troponin-T degradation products and glycogen content than did other muscles. These results infer that variable fiber-type composition could account partially for the differences in the physicochemical properties of goat muscles.
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Carcass characteristics and meat quality of purebred pakchong 5 and crossbred pigs sired by pakchong 5 or duroc boar
(2019-04-01)
Lertpatarakomol, Rachakris
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Chaosap, Chanporn
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Chaweewan, Kamon
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Sitthigripong, Ronachai
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Limsupavanich, Rutcharin
Objective: This study investigated carcass characteristics and meat quality of purebred Pakchong 5, crossbred pigs sired by Pakchong 5, and crossbred pigs sired by Duroc. Methods: Forty-eight pigs (average body weight of 22.25 kg) were composed of three groups as purebred Pakchong 5 (PP), Large White×Landrace pigs sired by Pakchong 5 (LWLRP), and Large White×Landrace pigs sired by Duroc (LWLRD). Each group consisted of eight gilts and eight barrows. At 109-day-raising period, pigs were slaughtered, and carcass characteristics were evaluated. Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscles from left side of carcasses were evaluated for meat quality and chemical composition. Data were analyzed using general linear model procedure, where group, sex, and their interaction were included in the model. Results: The PP had greater carcass, total lean, and ham percentages than crossbred pigs (p< 0.05). LWLRP had thicker backfat and more carcass fat percentage than LWLRD (p<0.05). There were no differences (p>0.05) on cutting percentages from tender loin, loin, boston butt, and picnic shoulder among groups. The PP and LWLRP had larger loin eye area (LEA) than LWLRD (p<0.05). Gilts had more loin percentage and lower L* value than barrows (p<0.05). No meat color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) were affected by groups (p>0.05). PP and LWLRP had larger muscle fiber diameters than LWLRD (p<0.05). However, water holding capacity, Warner-Bratzler shear force values, and chemical composition of LT were not affected by group or sex (p>0.05). Conclusion: Pakchong 5 purebred has good carcass and lean percentages. Compared to Duroc crossbred pigs, Pakchong 5 crossbreds have similar carcass and lean percentages, larger LEA, and slightly more carcass fat, with comparable meat quality and chemical composition. Pakchong 5 boars are more affordable for very small- to medium-scale pig producers.
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Effect of ractopamine on physicochemical characteristics and collagen solubility in finishing pigs
(2018-08-14)
Chaosap, Chanporn
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Kaewthaworn, Krongkaew
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Sitthigripong, Ronachai
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Sivapirunthep, Panneepa
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Chaweewan, Kamon
The objective of this study was to investigate physicochemical characteristics and collagen solubility of pigs fed with dietary ractopamine (RAC) during finishing period. Thirty of three-way crossbred pigs (Large White × Landrace × Duroc) with an initial bodyweight (BW) of 18.0 ± 0.5 kg were randomly assigned to one to three dietary RAC inclusions (0, 20, or 40 mg/kg) fed during finishing period (60-100 kg BW). Each group consisted of five gilts and five barrows. After 109 day of raising period, all pigs were slaughtered at the average weight of 100 kg. Longissimus dorsi muscle (LD) was taken from each carcass after overnight chill and analyzed for physical characteristics, chemical composition, and collagen solubility. The LD from pigs fed 40 mg/kg of RAC had lower a∗ value (p < 0.01) than others. Pigs fed with 40 mg/kg of RAC had higher Warner-Bratzler shear force (p < 0.05) than pigs fed without RAC. Pigs fed with dietary RAC had lower glycogen content than control (p < 0.01). While other chemical compositions and collagen solubility of LD were not affected by dietary RAC (p > 0.05). Gilts had larger muscle fibers (p < 0.01), lower glycogen content (p < 0.05), higher content of insoluble collagen (p < 0.05), total collagen (p = 0.054), and collagen solubility (p = 0.054) than barrows.
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Practical use of percoll density gradient centrifugation on sperm sex determination in commercial dairy farm in Thailand
(2016-06-01)
Promthep, Kornkanok
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Satitmanwiwat, Saranya
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Kitiyanant, Narisorn
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Tantiwattanakul, Pisit
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Jirajaroenrat, Kanya
Our experiment demonstrated an extension of Percoll® Density Gradient Centrifugation to use as a selection tool for sperm sexing developed for dairy farmer. We develop a simple protocol for bovine sperm sexing and used for artificial insemination (AI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) for embryo transfer (ET). The quality of sperm after centrifugation in each layer were significantly different (P <0.01). There was no significant difference between percentage of live sperm after centrifugation and fresh sperm before centrifugation (P >0.05). The phenotype and swimming capacity of sperms in each layer were significantly different (P < 0.01). It was found that the most appropriate sperm in the layer after centrifugation and after quinacrine staining was between 65-70% Percoll®. X-bearing spermatozoa at this layer was 60.75% and motility was 95.86±0.46%. After insemination, the pregnancy ratio in the experiment was 40% which is similar to the percentage of normal AI. The number of female offspring in the experiment was 71.4% in selected sperm vs 50% in non-selected sperm AI. In the In Vitro fertilization experiment, sperm from our 7 layer Percoll® gradient concentration can fertilize and produce blastocyst embryo successfully. The simple 7 layer Percoll® gradient concentration protocol is appropriate for dairy farmer to do as a pre-AI step to increase their female offspring in their herd.

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